Chapter 51 Endocrine System



Chapter 51 Endocrine System

Section 1 Hormones

1. What does the endocrine system consist of?

2. What are hormones and what do they do?

3. What is a gland?

4. Name the two types of glands in the human body.

5. What is the function of exocrine glands?

6. List four examples of exocrine glands.

7. Describe what hormones are and include where they can be found.

8. How can hormones be grouped?

9. Describe amino acid-based hormones.

10. Describe steroid hormones.

11. Describe the relationship between hormones, target cells, and receptors.

12. What type of system is used by amino acid-based hormones to affect cells?

13. What acts as the first messenger?

14. What does the second messenger do?

15. What does c-AMP initiate?

16. How do steroid hormones act?

17. By activating mRNA transcription, what do steroid hormones stimulate?

18. What are prostaglandins?

19. Where are prostaglandins produced?

20. Where do prostaglandins act compared to hormones?

21. What are the effects of prostaglandins?

Section 2 Endocrine Glands

22. What is the function of the pituitary gland?

23. What regulates the pituitary gland?

24. What are the two primary regulators of the endocrine system?

25. Name the two amino acid-based hormones produced by the neurosecretory cells and tell what they do.

26. What do releasing hormones do?

27. What do release-inhibiting hormones do?

28. Where is the thyroid gland located?

29. Name the hormone that regulates the thyroid gland.

30. What does the thyroid hormone do? – Three things.

31. What is the difference between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?

32. Where are the adrenal glands?

33. Name the three parts of an adrenal gland.

34. What two amino acid-based hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

35. What do these two hormones orchestrate?

36. What are the gonads?

37. What is puberty?

38. What are the sex hormones for females?

39. What is the sex hormone for males?

40. What are the two amino acid-based hormones that regulate the levels of sugar in the blood?

41. Describe the result of insulin and glucagon on sugar levels in the blood.

42. What is diabetes mellitus?

43. What is hypoglycemia?

44. What is the function of the thymus gland?

45. What is the function of the pineal gland?

46. What regulates sleep patterns?

47. What is the function of the four parathyroid glands?

48. What is a proper balance of calcium ions necessary for?

49. What are the hormones gastrin and secretin used for?

Section 3 Feedback Mechanisms

50. In a __________________ mechanism, the ____________ step in a series of events controls the _________ step.

51. How does the endocrine system play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis?

52. Why are glucagon and insulin considered antagonistic hormones?

53. To maintain homeostasis, hormone secretion must be _____________ regulated.

54. What happens in a negative feedback system?

55. What happens in a positive feedback system?

56. Negative feedback mechanisms help maintain hormone concentrations at a ___________ range.

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