Study Island - Ms. Doran's Biology Class - Home



Study IslandCopyright ? 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved. Generation Date: 09/04/2014 Generated By: Kurt Ritter 1. Which of the following is true of prokaryotic cells? A.They may be found in unicellular or multicellular organisms.B.They tend to be large and complex in comparison to eukaryotic cells.C.They function as individual organisms.D.They contain nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles.2. Multicellular organisms are composed of a variety of living structures that are formed when cells differentiate. How could the living structure pictured below be classified?A.cellB.anism3. The diagrams below display different types of cells as viewed by a microscope under low magnification.These diagrams demonstrate how cells can be differentiated by their A.cell structures.B.means of replication.C.sizes and densities.D.modes of locomotion.4. Cell theory states that A.new cells are produced by existing cells.B.All of these answers are correct.C.all living things are composed of cells.D.cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.5. Which of the following describes the fundamental difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A.Prokaryotic cells are all viruses and rely on the infection of a host cell to replicate.B.Eukaryotic cells are the only type of cells that can possess a cell wall.C.Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.D.Eukaryotic cells are only found in protists, bacteria, and viruses.6. Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells possess DNA and engage in genetic processes. Which of the following is true of their cellular genetics? A.Eukaryotic cells generally require fewer genes to operate than prokaryotic cells.B.Eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA use different genetic codes (i.e. nucleotides).C.Eukaryotic DNA is linear, whereas most prokaryotic DNA is circular.D.Prokaryotic DNA cannot be translated into proteins because of the lack of a nucleus.7. What is the single most abundant compound in living organisms? A.fatB.waterC.carbonD.sugar8. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 9. All multicellular organisms benefit from the organization of __________ into tissues, organs, and organ systems. anellesB.celluloseC.specialized cellsD.daughter cells10. The life forms exhibiting the simplest cellular structure are?_______. A.eukaryotesB.proteinsC.anelles11. Cellular organelles have different structures. Mitochondria, for example, possess highly folded inner membranes in addition to their outer membranes. Vacuoles, on the other hand, are only surrounded by a single-layer membrane; they do not have an inner membrane.Why do cellular organelles have different structures? A.The structure of a cellular organelle mimics the appearance of the organism.anelles that are less important to the cell have less sophisticated structures.C.The structures of cellular organelles are related to their functions.D.All of the organelles in a particular organism are identical, but organelles in different organisms are unique.12. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to continue to grow and divide in their nonspecialized state for long periods of time (e.g., months or years).Although the genes found within stem cells are the same, stem cells differentiate into unique cell types (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells, etc.) due to A.different patterns in their gene expression.B.meiotic division and fertilization.C.mutations in their genetic code.D.random segregation and proliferation.13. How does the size of a eukaryotic organism normally compare to the size of a prokaryotic organism? A.Eukaryotes are usually much larger than prokaryotes.B.Eukaryotes are usually much smaller than prokaryotes.C.Eukaryotes and prokaryotes are both usually very large organisms.D.Eukaryotes and prokaryotes are both usually very small organisms.14. An organ system is made up of anisms that have similar behaviors and appearances.B.identical cells that perform the same function.ans that work together to perform a certain function.D.all of the tissues found in an individual organism.15. _______ are RNA and protein complexes that are found in all cells. These complexes help cells during protein translation by joining amino acids together to form polypeptides. A.RibosomesB.LysosomesC.VacuolesD.Chloroplasts16. Which of the following is true about cells? A.In general, prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells contain both a nucleus and organelles enclosed by membranes.B.Neither prokaryotic cells nor eukaryotic cells ever contain both a true nucleus that is well-defined and organelles that are separated from the cytoplasm by membranes.C.In general, eukaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells contain both a nucleus and organelles enclosed by membranes.D.Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells always contain both a true nucleus that is well-defined and organelles that are separated from the cytoplasm by membranes.17. What are the most basic building blocks of all organisms? A.bonesB.ansD.cells18. All living organisms use energy. They also grow and reproduce. What is another characteristic of all living organisms? A.All living organisms consist of many cells with specialized organelles.B.All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.C.All living organisms must consume food in order to acquire nutrition.D.All living organisms can produce glucose through photosynthesis.19. The diagram below shows a T4 bacteriophage.This virus consists of a single strand of DNA enclosed in a protein capsule. Is this virus considered a living organism? A.Yes; since the virus contains protein, it is a living organism.B.Yes; since the virus contains DNA, it is a living organism.C.No; viruses are not considered to be living organisms.D.No; living organisms must have two characteristics of life, and the T4 bacteriophage only has one.20. Within eukaryotic cells, there is an intricate network of _______ with unique functions. anellesB.vacuolesC.mitochondriaD.lysosomes21. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many differences, but they also share some common features. Which of the following may be found in either type of cell? A.Golgi bodiesB.mitochondriaC.cell wallsD.nuclei22. Membrane organelles known as?_______?contain enzymes specialized to break down ingested materials, secretions, and wastes. A.chloroplastsB.lysosomesC.vacuolesD.ribosomes23. Which of the following organelles contains most of the cell's DNA? A.mitochondrionB.lysosomeC.nucleusD.ribosome24. Which of the following organelles stores information and is considered the control center of the cell? A.mitochondrionB.nucleusC.endoplasmic reticulumD.Golgi complex25. Technology Enhanced Questions are not available in Word format. 26. All living things must possess certain characteristics.They are all composed of one or more cells. They can grow, reproduce, and pass their genes on to their offspring. They can respond and adapt to their environment, maintain homeostasis, and evolve.Given these characteristics of life, which of the following objects is considered a living organism?W.X.Y.Z.A.ZB.WC.YD.X27. Which of the following organelles plays a role in the disposal of cellular waste and is responsible for processing, sorting, and modifying proteins? A.Golgi apparatusB.plasma membraneC.mitochondrianD.ribosome28. All living organisms share many characteristics necessary for life. For example, all organisms, including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, A.have cells arranged into complex organ structures.B.must obtain and use energy for life processes.C.can sexually reproduce to produce unique offspring.D.can use abiotic factors to make their own food.29. When a group of cells work together, such as in bones, muscles, or nerves, they are known as?_______. A.an organismB.an organelleC.a tissueD.an organ30. There are many criteria that are used to define living things. Living things reproduce, grow, and develop. They respond to stimuli, use materials and energy, and evolve and adapt over time to their environment. What is another criteria used to define living things? A.All living things are intelligent.B.All living things are complex.C.All living things are able to move.D.All living things are made of cells.Answers1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. -- 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. -- 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D Explanations1. Prokaryotic cells are fairly small, simple cells. However, since they are only found in unicellular organisms, they are versatile enough to provide for all of an organism's functions. Still, since they lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, they are less efficient than eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells are found in both unicellular and multicellular organisms. These cells tend to be larger, more complex, and require more genes to operate than prokaryotic cells.2. The picture shows a human heart which can be classified as an organ.3. Organisms differ from each other in many ways. This diversity ranges from simple prokaryotic cells to complex multicellular organisms.The diagrams demonstrate how cell structure can be used to differentiate organisms. Organisms may also be classified using other factors, including their cell number, their mode of nutrition, their means of movement, and their method for reproduction.4. According to cell theory, all living things are composed of cells. Some have only one cell, others have many cells, but the way in which cells function is similar in all living organisms.Cell theory also states that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced by existing cells.5. The most fundamental difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence or absence of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Eukaryotes have them; prokaryotes do not. In fact, the name prokaryote means "before a nucleus".6. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells possess DNA constructed from the same genetic code (i.e. the same four nucleotides - A, T, C, G). However, eukaryotic DNA is linear, organized into chromosomes, and packaged in nuclei for greater efficiency, whereas most prokaryotic DNA is circular and free-floating in the cytoplasm. There are a few cases in which prokaryotes possess linear DNA, but this is more the exception than the norm.Both cells also possess ribosomes which enable them to perform protein translation.7. Water is the single most abundant compound in all living organisms. In fact, about two-thirds of the weight of cells is accounted for by water. Water is what gives cells so many of their properties.8. --9. Specialized cells form tissues, organs, and organ systems in multicellular organisms. Cell specialization is beneficial because it helps efficiently carry out tasks that are necessary for the survival of all body cells: transportation of food, gases, wastes, and cell products. Survival of the body cells is crucial for the survival of the organism as a whole.10. The life forms exhibiting the simplest cellular structure are prokaryotes. They exist in two major forms: eubacteria and archaebacteria.Prokaryotes were first life forms to develop on Earth and are the most abundant inhabitants. They can survive in a wide range of environments and obtain energy in a variety of ways.11. The structures of cellular organelles are related to their functions.For example, many chemical reactions occur in the mitochondria in order to provide the cell with energy. Having a highly folded inner membrane increases the surface area upon which these reactions can occur.Vacuoles, on the other hand, must be able to easily expand and contract as water moves in and out. Thus, a single-layer membrane is necessary to support the vacuoles' function.12. The specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to different patterns of gene expression rather than to differences of the genes themselves. However, what causes cells with similar genes to differentiate into unique cell types is not fully understood.It may be due to the presence of different environmental conditions that signal some genes to be expressed while other genes remain dormant. It may be due to internal regulators or any of a number of factors that researchers are currently studying.Think of it this way: you and three friends are each given 10 cards with the same letters on them (i.e., you all have the same genes). However, you each choose to use the letters to spell four different words (i.e., you each expressed your genes in a different way). No one knows why you each chose to arrange your letters in different ways despite being given the same set of starting letters, but the end result is four different words (i.e., specialized cells).13. Most large organisms, such as plants and animals, are eukaryotes, although in a few instances, some microscopic protists are eukaryotic as well. So, in general, eukaryotes are much larger than prokaryotes. In addition, there are significant differences between the cells of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. This is because eukaryotic cells contain many membrane-bound organelles.Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not contain any membrane-bound organelles. However, they do possess ribosomes, which are non-membranous complexes of protein and RNA. The ribosomes in prokaryotic cells have less RNA and fewer proteins than do eukaryotic ribosomes.14. An organ system is made up of organs that work together to perform a certain function. For example, the heart and blood vessels form the circulatory system, which functions to pump blood throughout the body.15. Ribosomes are RNA and protein complexes that are found in all cells. These complexes help cells during protein translation by joining amino acids together to form polypeptides.Ribosomes are composed of two subunits. These subunits attach to and travel along strands of mRNA during translation. As the anticodons on tRNA molecules attach sequentially to the codons on an mRNA strand, the amino acids carried by the tRNA molecules take up the proper position to be joined by peptide bonds and form a polypeptide.16. Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic organisms are usually unicellular.Eukaryotic cells have nuclei and organelles that are separated from the cytoplasm by membranes. Eukaryotic organisms are usually multicellular.In general, prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells contain both a nucleus and organelles enclosed by membranes.17. All living things are made of one or more cells. Cells are the basic building blocks of all organisms. Bones, muscles, and organs are all made up of cells organized in different levels of complexity.18. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.All of the other listed characteristics are true of some living organisms but not all living organisms. For example, only plants and some microorganisms perform photosynthesis, and only eukaryotes contain specialized membrane-bound organelles.19. All living organisms musthave an organized structure,obtain and use energy and materials,maintain homeostasis,grow, reproduce and pass on genetic information, andrespond to stimuli and evolve/adapt to their environment.Although viruses contain DNA and pass their DNA on to their offspring, they cannot do this unassisted, nor do they meet all the other criteria for living organisms. Thus, viruses are not considered to be living organisms.20. Cells have characteristic structures and functions that make them anelles are the membrane-bound structures found in eukaryotic cells that play important roles, such as maintaining homeostasis and aiding in cell reproduction.All of the other answer choices listed are types of organelles.21. Prokaryotic cells do not possess true nuclei or any other membrane-bound organelles. They do, however, possess plasma membranes, cytoplasm, cell walls, ribosomes, and DNA. Eukaryotic cells can possess all of these features, too.22. Membrane organelles known as lysosomes contain enzymes specialized to break down ingested materials, secretions, and wastes. Lysosomes, along with the Golgi complex, are responsible for the disposal of cellular waste within a cell.23. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in all animal and plant cells. The nucleus is considered the cell's "control center" because it contains the cell's DNA which directs the cell's growth and development. The nucleus is also the site of RNA synthesis.24. The nucleus of the cell stores information in the form of DNA. The DNA inside the nucleus directs the cell's growth and development. Because DNA controls all of a cell's major functions, the nucleus containing the DNA is considered the cell's control center.25. --26. The only object that meets all of the given characteristics of life is the plant.Batteries, rocks, and seashells are not living organisms.27. The Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and modifies proteins in a cell. In fact, the formation of complex biomolecules is possible because of the modifications that proteins undergo while they are moved through the Golgi apparatus.The Golgi apparatus also processes and transports materials, including wastes, out of the cell. Thus, the Golgi apparatus plays an important role in waste disposal.28. All living organisms musthave an organized structure,obtain and use energy and materials,maintain homeostasis,grow, reproduce and pass on genetic information, andrespond to stimuli and evolve/adapt to their environment.Not all living organisms have complex structures such as organs, can make their own food, or can sexually reproduce. Prokaryotic organisms, for example, are single-celled and can only reproduce asexually.29. When a group of cells work together, such as in bones, muscles, or nerves, they are known as a tissue. Tissues include bone, blood, nerves, muscles, and skin. A group of tissues that work together, such as the muscles that make up the heart, form an organ.30. In addition to the other named criteria, all living things are composed of cells.Although some living things are complex or intelligent and some living things can move, these are not requirements for all living things. ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download