Chemical Nomenclature: Molecular Elements and Compounds



Chemical Nomenclature: Molecular Elements and CompoundsWhat do we know about Ionic Compounds? Let’s compare it to Molecular CompoundsIonicMolecularMolecular ElementsWhen non-metal atoms of the same type bond to form a molecule, they form a molecular element. They include:Diatomics (the “gens”)hydrogenH2nitrogenN2oxygenO2the halogens:chlorineCl2fluorineF2bromineBr2iodineI2Polyatomic Molecular ElementsphosphorusP4sulfurS8BUT WAIT! What if they are by themselves? Would O-2 be called oxygen?NO! That would be an Ion, so O-2 would be called oxide, not oxygenMolecular CompoundsThese are formed when non-metal atoms of different elements share electrons to form a molecule.Binary Molecular Compound Naming Rules (only two elements):The first element in the formula is named first using the full element name.The second element in the formula is named like a monatomic anion in an ionic compound. That is, its ending is changed to “ide.”Prefixes are used for each element to denote the number of atoms of each element in the molecule. (This rule is ignored for the first element in the formula if there is only one of its atoms in the molecule.)Prefixes:mono1di2tri3tetra4penta5hexa6hepta7octa8nona9deca10Give the names for the following:CO2CONO2N2S4P4Cl10These are commonly named molecules:ammoniaNH3methaneCH4ethanolC2H5OHmethanolCH3OHhydrogen peroxideH2O2hydrogen sulphideH2SglucoseC6H12O6sucroseC12H22O11ozoneO3ethanoic or acetic acidCH3COOHTextbook Work: pg 50, 5,10/11, worksheet MolecularCmpds ................
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