Forensic Science Mid Term Study Guide



Forensic Science Mid Term Study Guide

1. ____________ science seeks to use physical principles to obtain a desired goal.

2. In 1732 this scientist discovered the human nervous system transmits information electronically which eventually led to the development of the lie detector. _________________________________________

3. ______________________________________ developed spectroscopy in 1859.

4. In 1910 he opened the first forensic laboratory opened in France. __________

5. In the case _____________________________________ the courts said for a procedure, principle, or technique to be admissible it must be generally accepted by the scientific community.

6. What are the five components of the mechanical system of a compound microscope?

7.

8. Whorls, ellipses, and triangles refer to this type evidence. ________

9. Why must the chain of custody be maintained for all evidence?

10. What is the difference between evidence with class characteristics and individual characteristics?

11. What kind of glass is used in the front windshield of automobiles?

12. The lines radiating out from the center are called ______________________ fractures, the circular lines are called ________________________ fractures.

13. How can you determine in which order the breaks in a window occurred first?

14. The major question to be answered by a forensic pathologist is _________.

15. For transparent objects the light source is placed underneath. This is called __________________________illumination.

16.

17. Immediately following death the muscles relax and then become rigid. This is called _________________________ mortis.

18. _________________________ mortis is useful in determining if a body has been moved or changed position after death.

19. What are the five categories a death may fall into?

20. _________________________ mortis is the process in which the body loses heat after death until it reaches the same temperature as its surroundings.

21. As a general rule, beginning an hour after death the body loses heat at a rate of approximately ________________________ degrees per hour until the environmental temperature is reached.

22. Where is the vitreous fluid found?

23. When objects are not transparent the light must be placed above the object. This is ___________________________ illumination.

24.

25. The bending of a light wave because of a change in velocity is called _____.

26. The ______________________________ microscope is the most commonly used and most versatile microscope used in forensic lab.

27. The _________________________ is the outer layer of the hair.

28. The ________________________ collects light rays from the base illuminator and concentrates them on the object.

29.

30. The three types of medulla are ___, ______, and __.

31. The ________________is a cellular column running through the center of the hair. In some animals this column takes up a large part of the hairs diameter.

32. The most common plant fiber is ___________________________________.

33. Mohair and cashmere come from what animals?

34. Most human hair has __________ medulla.

35. If the object stays in focus when switching objectives the microscope is said to be _______________________.

36.

37. The first coat of automotive is the ___________________________________.

38. A ___________________ can be defined as a natural or synthetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or other higher order animals.

39. The source of most analgesic narcotics is _________________________. It is a gummy, milky juice from the unripe pod of the poppy plant.

40. The most commonly used depressant is _______________________________.

41. ____ is made by reacting morphine with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

42. The most common hallucinogenic drug is ________.

43. The _____________________________ microscopes are used to identify minerals and synthetic fibers.

44. What are five things that can affect insect activity on a corpse?

45. Why would you want to know the potassium level in eye of a corpse?

46. _____ is synthesized from lysergic acid, a substance derived from ergot, a type of fungus that attacks grasses and grains.

47. Anabolic steroids are synthetic compounds that are chemically related to the male sex hormone _______.

48. __________________ is a drug extracted from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca.

49. Liver cancer, infertility, diminished sex drive, halting of bone growth, mood swings, and depression are side effects of the use of this substance. _________

50. The DUQUENOIS – LEVINE test turns purple in contact with __________.

51. VAN URK – turns purple/blue with contact with _____________________.

52. SCOTT TEST – turns blue in contact with ___________________________.

53. The upper side of the marijuana leaf has short, distinctively shaped hairs called _____________________________________ hairs.

54. Who do toxicologist work for?

55. ______ is the most widely used drug in the U.S.

56. ______ percent of automobile deaths are alcohol related.

45. ______The central part of the brain is involved in __________________

46. ______The _____ is the first part affected by alcohol.

47. ______The blood-alcohol concentration is ________________ to the

concentration of alcohol in the brain.

48. ______95 - 98 % of the alcohol is oxidized into __________________.

49. ______Oxidation happens in the _______________.

50. _____________________ carry blood toward the heart.

51. ______________ are the smallest blood vessels.

52. The ______________ are where gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

53. The brachial tube is also called the __________________.

54. Why are anticoagulants added to blood samples?

55. ______The legal limit for percent blood-alcohol concentration is _________.

56. A _______________ is a compound capable of donating a hydrogen ion to

another compound.

57. A compound with a pH of _________ is neutral.

58. The _____________ test is used to detect the presence of heavy metals.

59. A level of ________ percent carboxyhemoglobin is usually fatal in most people.

60. ______ is the most commonly used method of drug confirmation.

61. List three factors that influence the rate at which alcohol is absorbed.

62. What are the two mechanisms used by the body to rid itself of alcohol?

63. What is horizontal nystagmus gaze and why is it important?

64. What is important about the Schmerber v. California case?

65. Describe the three most widely used screening test for drugs.

66. Why would a toxicologist be interested in the amount of carbon monoxide in

the blood of a person that was found in a burned house?

Describe the symptoms of the following toxins

67. Arsonic

68. Atropine

69. Carbon monoxide

70. Food poisoning

71. . Cyanide

72. Nicotine

73. Strychnine

74. Most poisoning deaths are from which group of drugs?

75. About how many deaths occur each year from poisoning in the Unites States?

76. What category do the following drugs belong? Narcotic, depressant, hallucinogen,

or stimulant.

phencyclidine codeine barbiturates amphetamine morphine nicotine

alcohol heroin methadone

marijuana cocaine oxycontin

LSD club drugs

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