Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring

contents

Acknowledgments

Preface: Opening-Entering: A New Beginning Almost Thirty

Years Later

Interlude

Part I. Background

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1

Part II. Caring Science as Context

13

Chapter 1. Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring

15

?

?

?

?

Basic Assumptions of Caring Science

Premises of Caring Science

Working Definition of Caring Science

Caring: Science-Arts-Humanities

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18

18

19

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Contents

? Ontological ¡°Competencies¡±: Caring Literacy

? Examples of (Ontological) Caring Literacy

? Watson¡¯s Caritas Literacy Dimensions: A Work in

Progress

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24

25

Chapter 2. Carative Factors / Caritas Processes: Original and Evolved

Core for Professional Nursing

29

? Core Aspects Theory of Human Caring

? Moving from Carative to Caritas

29

? Core Principles/Practices: From Carative to Caritas

? Emergence of Caritas Nursing and the Caritas Nurse

34

Chapter 3. Caritas Processes: Extension of Carative Factors

? Caring and Love

? Value Assumptions of Caritas

? Caritas Process¡ªCultivating the Practice of Loving-

Kindness and Equanimity Toward Self and Other as

Foundational to Caritas Consciousness

Part III. From Carative Factors to Caritas Processes

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34

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45

Chapter 4. From Carative Factor 1: Humanistic-Altruistic System

of Values to Caritas Process 1: Cultivating the Practice of LovingKindness and Equanimity Toward Self and Other as Foundational

to Caritas Consciousness

47

? Beginning Centering Exercise

? Centering Exercise

? Additional Exercise: Cultivation of a Practice of

50

Gratitude and Forgiveness

? Toward a Formal Practice of Mindfulness¨CInsight

Meditation: Loving-Kindness and Equanimity

? Loving-Kindness

54

51

56

58

Chapter 5. From Carative Factor 2: Installation of Faith and Hope

to Caritas Process 2: Being Authentically Present: Enabling,

Sustaining, and Honoring the Faith, Hope, and Deep Belief

System and the Inner-Subjective Life World of Self/Other

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Contents

Chapter 6. From Carative Factor 3: Cultivation of Sensitivity to

Oneself and Others to Caritas Process 3: Cultivation of One¡¯s

Own Spiritual Practices and Transpersonal Self, Going Beyond

Ego-Self

? Integration of Factors and Processes

? Educational Note/Reminder

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68

69

Chapter 7. From Carative Factor 4: Developing a Helping-Trusting

Relationship to Caritas Process 4: Developing and Sustaining a

Helping-Trusting Caring Relationship

Chapter 8. Theoretical Framework for Caritas / Caring Relationship

? Caritas/Caring Relationship

? Transpersonal Caring Relationship

? Assumptions of a Caritas Nurse: Transpersonal

Caritas Consciousness Relationship

? A Caring Moment

? Holographic Premises of Caritas Consciousness/

?

?

?

?

?

Relationship

Other Nursing Examples Consistent with

Transpersonal Caritas Consciousness

Halldorsdottir Model: Biocidic to Biogenic (Caritas)

Caring

Florence Nightingale as Original Theoretical

Foundation for Caring/Caritas Consciousness

Relationship

Reminders

Relationship-Centered Caring Model

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Chapter 9. From Carative Factor 5: Promotion and Acceptance

of the Expression of Positive and Negative Feelings to Caritas

Process 5: Being Present to, and Supportive of, the Expression of

Positive and Negative Feelings

101

Chapter 10. From Carative Factor 6: Systematic Use of the Scientific

Problem-Solving Method for Decision Making to Caritas Process 6:

Creative Use of Self and All Ways of Knowing as Part of the

Caring Process; Engage in the Artistry of Caritas Nursing

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Contents

Reconsidering Evidence-Based Practice

Asking New Questions About ¡°Evidence¡±

Caritas Process

Philosophical Perspective for Caring Science: Caritas

Processes

? Documentation of Caring

?

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?

?

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Chapter 11. From Carative Factor 7: Promotion of Interpersonal

Teaching and Learning to Caritas Process 7: Engage in Genuine

Teaching-Learning Experience That Attends to Unity of Being

and Subjective Meaning¡ªAttempting to Stay Within the Other¡¯s

Frame of Reference

125

Chapter 12. From Carative Factor 8: Attending to a Supportive,

Protective, and/or Corrective Mental, Physical, Societal, and

Spiritual Environment to Caritas Process 8: Creating a Healing

Environment at All Levels

Comfort

Safety

Privacy

Human Dignity

Clean Aesthetic Surroundings

Expanded Levels of Environmental

Conceptualization

? What We Hold in Our Heart Matters in Creating a

Caritas Environment

? Caritas Environmental Field Model

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?

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Chapter 13. From Carative Factor 9: Assistance with Gratification of

Human Needs to Caritas Process 9: Administering Sacred Nursing

Acts of Caring-Healing by Tending to Basic Human Needs

143

Chapter 14. Administering Sacred Nursing Acts¡ªFurther

Development of Carative Factor / Caritas Process 9

? Human Need for Food and Fluid

? Significance of the Food and Fluid Need for Caritas

Nursing



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Contents

? Human Need for Elimination: ¡°Toileting¡±/Bathing/

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Personal Appearance

Significance of the Elimination Need for Caritas

Nursing

Human Need for Ventilation: ¡°Breathing¡±

Significance of the Ventilation Need for Caritas

Nursing

Human Need for Activity-Inactivity

Significance of the Activity-Inactivity Need for

Caritas Nursing

Human Need for Sexuality/Creativity/Intimacy/

Loving

Significance of the Sexuality Need for Caritas Nursing

Human Need for Achievement: Expressivity, Work,

Contributing Beyond Self

Significance of the Achievement Need for Caritas

Nursing

Human Need for Affiliation: Belonging, Family,

Social Relations, Culture

Significance of the Affiliation Need for Caritas

Nursing

Human Need for Self-Actualization/Spiritual Growth

Significance of the Self-Actualization Need for

Caritas Nursing

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Chapter 15. From Carative Factor 10: Allowance for ExistentialPhenomenological Forces to Caritas Process 10: Opening and

Attending to Spiritual/Mysterious and Existential Unknowns of

Life-Death

? The Evolved Caritas Nurse

? Conclusions

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Part IV. Expanding Knowledge-Building Frameworks

for Reconsidering Caritas Nursing: The Energetic

Chakra-Quadrant Model

Chapter 16. Integral Model for Grasping Needs in Caritas Nursing

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