Third Conjugation Verbs - The Latin Library

THIRD CONJUGATION VERBS

Third Conjugation Verbs have the infinitive ending in -ere. (Note the difference from the -re of the 2d conjugation).

1. The Present tense has the characteristic vowel -i:

- -imus -is -itis

-it -unt

Thus: duc ducimus ducis ducitis

ducit ducunt

Note that the characteristic vowel -i- of the third conjugation in the present tense

changes to -unt in the 3rd person plural.

2. The Imperfect tense is completely regular (with the short -e- of the infinitive lengthening to -- before the characteristic -ba- ending):

ducbam ducbs ducbat

ducbmus ducbtis ducbant

3. The Future tense differs significantly from what we have seen in the first and second

conjugations. There the characteristic symbol was -bi-, inserted before the personal

ending. For the Third Conjugation the characteristic vowel is -e- (with -am in the first

personal singular):

ducam ducs ducet

ducmus ductis ducent

4. The Perfect tenses (Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfect) form regularly from the the Perfect Stem (the third principal part of the verb). The Perfect Stem, however, shows many variations. Note the following:

bib, ere, bib, to drink cad, ere, cecid, csum, to fall caed, ere cecd, caesum, to cut, kill cd, ere, cess, cessum, to go claud, ere, claus, clausum, to close crsc, ere, crv, crtum, to grow curr, ere, cucurr, cursum, to run dsist, ere, -stiti, -stitum, to desist, stop dc, ere, dx, dictum, to say, speak dc, ere, dx, ductum, to lead fall, ere, fefell, falsum, to deceive leg, ere, lg, lectum, to read; choose

mitt, ere, ms, missum, to send parc, ere perperci, parsum, to spare pell, ere, pepul, pulsum, to drive pet, ere, petv, pettum, to seek, ask pn, ere, posu, positum, to put quaer, ere, quaesv, quaestum, to seek, ask quaes, ere, quaesv, to beg, ask relinqu, ere, relqu, relictum, to leave tang, ere, tetig, tactum, to touch tend, ere, tetend, tnsum, to stretch trah, ere, trax, trctum, to draw, drag

. . . and many others

5. Third -io verbs: Some 3rd conjugation verbs end in -io in the 1st pers. sing., present tense. They show -iunt in the 3rd pers. pl., present tense. The -i- also appears throughout the imperfect and the future tenses. The perfect tenses are regular, formed from the stem of the third principal part. Note the paradigm for facio, facere, feci, factum, to make, do:

Present

Imperfect Future

Perfect

Pluperfect Future Perfect

faci facis facit facimus facitis faciunt

facibam facibs facibat facibmus facibtis facibant

faciam facis faciet facimus facitis facient

fc fcisti fcit fcimus fcistis fcrunt

fceram fcers fcerat fcermus fcertis fcerant

fcer fceris fcerit fcerimus fceritis fcerint

Note the following common third conjugation -io verbs:

allici, allicere, allex, allectus, to attract, entice aspici, aspicere, aspex, aspectus, to look at, behold* capi, capere cp, captus, to seize, capture cupi, cupere, cupv, cuptus, to long for, covet faci, facere, fc, factus, to do, make fodi, fodere, fd, fossus, to dig (out) fugi, fugere, fg, fugitus, to flee, run away gradior, grad, gressus sum, to walk, go, advance** iacio, iacere, ic, iactus, to throw*** morior, mor, mortuus sum, to die pari, parere, peper, partus, to give birth to patior, pat, passus sum, to suffer, to undergo quati, quatere, --, quassus, to shake rapi, rapere, rapu, raptum, to seize, snatch sapi, sapere, sapv, --, to have sense, to be wise; to taste of

*speci (not in use in classical Latin) gave rise to: aspici, circumspci, dispici, conspic, inspici, respici, prospici.

**gradior is in use, but its compounds are more common: aggredior, circumgredior, congredior, digredior, gredior, ingredior, progredior, regredior.

***the compounds of iacio are many: abicio, adicio, conicio, deicio, eicio, inicio, obicio, proicio reicio, traicio.

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