Comparison of Colonies in America in the 1600s



Comparison of Colonies in America in the 1600s

|Colony |Date founded |Founder(s) |Motive/reason for founding |Economy |Example of English self-government|Other important SFI |

|New Spain |1492-1550 |Conquistadores: Columbus, |Three G’s: Gold, Glory, God |Gold, silver, slaves |None – Spanish royal appointed |Only perm. colony in America by |

| | |Cortes, Pizarro, etc. | | |government |1600; |

| | | | | | |Encomienda system; |

| | | | | | |Pueblo/Pope Rebellion |

| | | | | | |Aztecs, Incas, mestizos |

|Virginia |1607 |Virginia Co. of London |Gold, profit, to satisfy investors |Tobacco |House of Burgesses – first |First English colony; |

| | | | | |legislative assembly in English |Struggled at first; |

| | | | | |America |John Smith led; |

| | | | | | |Powhatan, Pocahontas; Bacon’s |

| | | | | | |Rebellion |

|New France |1608 |Samuel de Champlain |Trade, to find the Northwest Passage |Fur trade |None – French royal appointed |Intermarriage w/ Natives; most |

| | | | | |government |French went back home; |

| | | | | | |Beaver Wars |

|Plymouth |1620 |Separatist Pilgrims, Virginia |Escape religious persecution, |Mixed farming |Mayflower Compact – agreement to |Eventually part of Mass. Colony; |

| | |Co. |establish peaceful Puritan community;| |self-gov’t among male settlers |Thanksgiving myth; few Native |

| | | |profit | | |problems, Squanto |

|Caribbean islands – “West |1492-1624 |Spanish, then Dutch, French, & |Profit – gold, slaves, tobacco, then |Sugar | |First use of African slaves; most |

|Indies” |1624-1655 |English planters |sugar | | |profitable of all colonies; aka |

| | | | | | |West Indies |

|Massachusetts |1630 |Puritans, Massachusetts Bay Co.|Create “city on a hill,” a peaceful |Mixed farming, fishing, |Puritan covenants; General Court |John Winthrop; |

| | | |“model of Christian charity” & reform|shipbuilding |becomes two-house legislature; |Suppressive laws |

| | | | | |town meetings | |

|Maryland |1632 |Lord Baltimore |Refuge for Catholics |Tobacco |Two-house legislature |Act for Religious Toleration – |

| | | | | | |first freedom of worship law in |

| | | | | | |America |

|Rhode Island |1636 |Roger Williams |Religious freedom from Puritan Mass. |Mixed farming, fishing |Separation of church and state |Anne Hutchinson; |

| | | | | | |Progressive & religious tolerant; |

| | | | | | |banned slavery in 1652 |

|Connecticut / New Haven |1639, 1662 |Massachusetts settlers |Expansion of Massachusetts |Mixed farming, fishing |Fundamental Orders – |Pequot War; |

| | | | | |constitution-like, creates |New Haven struggled and was |

| | | | | |Mass.-style self-gov’t |absorbed into Connecticut |

|Carolina (South & North) |1663, 1729 |Supporters of Charles II |Supplier for West Indies; split over |Rice (South); |Fundamental Constitutions of |Heavy slave labor; slave codes; |

| | | |regional and economic differences |Tobacco and timber |Carolina |planters were some of wealthiest |

| | | | |products (North) | |colonists |

|New York / New Jersey |1664 |Dutch West India Co., |Profit, fur trade |Mixed farming, furs, | |Henry Hudson; Dutch gov. Peter |

| | |James, Duke of York | |shipping | |Stuyvesant; captured by English; |

| | | | | | |lots of ethnic and religious |

| | | | | | |diversity |

|Pennsylvania |1681 |William Penn |Model of justice and peace, religious|Wheat, mixed farming |Frame of Government – constitution|Ethnic and religious diversity; |

| | | |tolerance, Quaker refuge | |w/ religious freedom, legislature |busy port of Philadelphia; |

| | | | | | |compensated Indians for land |

|Georgia |1732 |James Oglethorpe |Use English debtors & convicts to |Rice | |Oglethorpe intended to keep slavery|

| | | |produce goods for profit; provide | | |out; rice profits bring in heavy |

| | | |buffer between Spanish Florida | | |slave labor; named for King George |

| | | | | | |II |

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