Microsoft PowerPoint - Chapter 9



All living organisms must be able to obtain energy from their environmentMost cell functions require __________.Examples:Making ______________ or synthesizing other macromoleculesEssential for maintaining ________________ by moving molecules through the membrane by ___________________________Rid the cell of toxins by ___________________Find and engulf food by ___________________Movement to avoid dangerATPAdenosine Triphosphate or ATP is an energy storing molecule that provides direct energy to your cells____________________________ATP is composed of an adenosine molecule with _____ phosphate groups attachedATP releases energy quickly whenever a cell needs it.ATPThe phosphate groups are positively charged and repel each otherIt takes energy to hold them together When the bond ________________, energy is _______________Like a spring being releasedADPWhen one phosphate group breaks away, ATP becomes Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP). ADP has only two phosphate groups and holds less energy than ATPAMPAdenosine Monophosphate (AMP) has only one phosphate and holds the least energyATP ADP ATPATP and ADP are made and broken down in a _________________.9.2 - PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is the process that uses the sun’s energy to make ________________ (simple sugar)Why is Photosynthesis important?Makes ___________ molecules (glucose) out of _____________ materials (carbon dioxide and water).It begins all ______________________. Thus all life is supported by this process.It also makes _______________ gas!!Chloroplast___________________ is the cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs Chloroplast contains a pigment called _____________________Pigment: a molecule that absorbs lightChlorophyll absorbs all wavelengths of light except ____________. Green is reflected back; plants look green because green is ___________________ backPhotosynthesisWhat happens in the fall when deciduous trees lose their leaves? Chlorophyll stops being made. Other pigments show up before the leaf is dropped.Photosynthesis Equation______________________________________________________GlucoseGlucose stores __________________. Glucose can be broken down to make ___________.Glucose is also used by the plant to make __________________________.9.3 – Cellular Respiration - Getting Energy to Make ATPCellular RespirationThe process by which organisms break down food molecules (_________) to produce ___________Two Types of RespirationThere are two basic types of cellular respiration___________________ respiration: requires oxygen ___________________ respiration: no oxygenFormula for aerobic respirationPhotosynthesis - ____________________________________________________Aerobic Respiration - ________________________________________________MitochondriaThe ______________________ is the organelle where aerobic respiration takes placeAerobic RespirationThere are 3 stages of aerobic respiration __________________________________________________________________________________________3 Stages of Aerobic RespirationStage 1 - _______________ (Lysis = split)Glucose splits into 2 molecules.Occurs in the _________________ (__________________)ATP: 2 gets used, 4 are created___________________________________________3 Stages of Aerobic RespirationStage 2 – _________________________________Occurs in the ______________________________Chemical reactions that produce _______________________________________________3 Stages of Aerobic RespirationStage 3 – ________________________________Occurs in the _____________________________Uses molecules from Citric Acid Cycle to make ATP._____________is released._________________________Aerobic RespirationTotal ATP made from one Glucose molecule: _____________________But, 2 ATP are used in Glycolysis, SO, ____________________________________.Total ATP ProductionOverall, ________________ respiration produces a total of _____________ molecules of ATPIf Oxygen is not present…_______________________________ occurs in the cell.an - without ; aerobic – oxygenSometimes cells are without O2._______________________ still happens, then fermentation.Anaerobic RespirationRespiration _________________ oxygen is called anaerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration is also called _______________________There are two types of fermentation_________________________ fermentation_________________________ fermentationLactic Acid FermentationLactic acid fermentation occurs in ______________ during exercise when cells run out of oxygenOccurs in the _________________Lactic acid fermentation only creates ___________________________________________________________________________________ is released as a byproduct which builds up causing a burning sensation in your muscles during strenuous exercise and causes sore muscles after exercisingAlcoholic FermentationAlcoholic fermentation occurs in _________________________ in the absence of oxygen Alcoholic fermentation creates ___________________________________________________________________361124516510000Alcoholic fermentation releases ____________ and __________________ as byproducts Yeast is used to make beer and breadCellular Energy Comparison13398505842000Photosynthesis_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13398502667000Aerobic Cellular Respiration133985041910001. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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