California State University, Bakersfield



Chapter 8—Segmenting and Targeting Markets3.A market is people or organizations that have:a.the ability, willingness, and power to buyb.a medium of exchange and products they desirec.needs and wants and an ability and willingness to buyd.unmet needs or wants and products or services that satisfy those unmet needs or munication, financial, and capital resourcesANS:CA market is defined as having four imperative characteristics: people or organizations, needs and wants, ability to buy, and willingness to buy.PTS:1REF:121OBJ:08-1TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge4.A(n) _____ is a subgroup of individuals or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs.a.market universeb.market segmentc.aggregated marketd.segmentation basee.population sampleANS:BThis is the definition of a market segment.PTS:1REF:121OBJ:08-1TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge7._____ is the process of dividing a market into meaningful groups that are relatively similar and identifiable.a.Perceptual mappingb.Positioningc.Micromarketingd.Market samplinge.Market segmentationANS:EThis is the definition of market segmentation.PTS:1REF:122OBJ:08-1TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge8.The purpose of market segmentation is to:a.reduce the market down to a size the firm can handleb.divide the market into equal size and profit regions for sales territoriesc.group a large number of markets together, enabling a company to serve them simultaneouslyd.develop a generalized definition of the market as a wholee.enable the marketer to tailor marketing mixes to meet the needs of one or more specific groupsANS:EThe purpose of segmentation is to group similar consumers and to serve their needs with a specialized marketing mix.PTS:1REF:122OBJ:08-1TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension11.All of the following are criteria for successful market segmentation EXCEPT:a.substantialityb.identifiability and measurabilityc.accountabilityd.accessibilitye.responsivenessANS:CThe four criteria are substantiality, identifiability and measurability, accessibility, and responsiveness.PTS:1REF:122OBJ:08-3TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis12.To be useful, a segmentation scheme must produce segments that meet four basic criteria. The criteria are:a.segmentability, targetability, reliability and validity, and homogeneityb.tangibility, inseparability, nonperishability, and uniquenessc.substantiality, identifiability and measurability, accessibility, and responsivenessd.reliability, flexibility, tangibility, and plexity, compatability, relative advantage, trialability, and observabilityANS:CUseful segments should be substantial, identifiable and measurable, accessible, and responsive to different marketing mixes.PTS:1REF:122OBJ:08-3TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis19.The requirement for a market segment to be responsive means:a.over half of the consumers in the identified segment will be actively interested in the productb.all the segments identified by a marketer should respond to the marketing mixc.all the segments identified by a marketer should not respond to the marketing mixd.the segments identified by a marketer should not differ in the level of their responsiveness to the marketing mixe.the segment identified by a marketer should differ in how it responds to the marketing mix when compared to another segment confronted with the same mixANS:EThe target segment should respond differently to the marketing mix compared to other segments.PTS:1REF:122-123OBJ:08-3TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension22.If a market segment is especially motivated by coupons in newspapers, which segmentation success criterion is most influential in the success of this program?a.Responsivenessb.Identifiability and measurabilityc.Substantialityd.Accessibilitye.FunctionalityANS:AResponsiveness is in force when a target segment responds differently (hopefully more positively) to the marketing mix than other segments.PTS:1REF:122-123OBJ:08-3TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension23.A health club has a new fitness program for expectant mothers. After flyers were placed at the offices of area obstetricians, classes filled up within two days. Which segmentation success criterion was most influential in the success of this promotion?a.Substantialityb.Identifiabilityc.Measurabilityd.Causalitye.ResponsivenessANS:EResponsiveness is in force when a target segment responds differently (hopefully more positively) to the marketing mix than other segments.PTS:1REF:122-123OBJ:08-3TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Application24._____ are characteristics of individuals, groups, or organizations that marketers use to divide a total market into segments.a.Differentiation guidesb.Segmentation basesc.Perceptual mapsd.Responsiveness quotientse.Accessibility quotientsANS:BThis is the definition of segmentation bases.PTS:1REF:123OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge27._____ is the segmenting of markets based on the region of the country or the world, market size, market density (number of people within a certain unit of land), or climate.munity segmentationb.Geographic segmentationc.Geodemographic segmentationd.PRIZM segmentatione.Demonstrated regionalizationANS:BThis is the definition of geographic segmentation.PTS:1REF:123OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS KnowledgePTS:1REF:123-124OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Application31.Almost all cell phones sold in the United States are black or gray. Almost all cell phones sold in Europe are colorful, and very few black phones are sold. A cell phone manufacturer knowing this information could use _____ segmentation when selling its phones internationally.a.geographicb.economicc.demographicd.benefite.multipositioningANS:AGeographic segmentation includes segmenting markets by region of the country or world.PTS:1REF:123-124OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model Strategy | CB&E Model International PerspectiveMSC:BLOOMS Application32.All of the following statements are reasons why consumer goods companies take a regional approach to marketing rather than a national approach EXCEPT:a.Many firms need to find new ways to generate sales because of sluggish and intensely competitive markets.b.A regional approach gives marketing managers control over the competitive environment.puterized checkout stations with scanners enable retailers to assess accurately which brands sell the best in each region.d.Many packaged-goods manufacturers are introducing new regional brands intended to appeal to local preferences.e.A more regional approach allows consumer goods companies to react more quickly to competition.ANS:BThe competitive environment is one of the noncontrollable factors in a company’s environment.PTS:1REF:124OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model Distribution | CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis33.Marketers use _____ to segment markets because this information is widely available, and factors such as age or gender are often related to consumer purchasing and consumption behavior.a.benefitsb.psychographicsc.demographicsd.usage ratese.sociocultural attributesANS:CCommon bases of demographic segmentation are age, gender, income, ethnic background, and family life cycle.PTS:1REF:124OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension34.Income, ethnic background, gender, and age are all examples of _____ segmentation bases.a.anizationalc.demographicd.socioeconomice.psychographicANS:CThese are demographic characteristics of consumers.PTS:1REF:124OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge44.In Miami, several radio stations broadcast in Spanish and play Latin music for the Hispanic people living in South Florida. The radio stations are using _____ segmentation.a.usage rateb.ethnicc.socioeconomicd.geographice.genderANS:BIn this case, ethnicity would be the demographic variable.PTS:1REF:126OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Application46.A series of stages determined by a combination of age, marital status, and the presence or absence of children is known as the:a.generation gapb.family life cyclec.maturation processd.segmentation cyclee.psychographic processANS:BThis describes the family life cycle.PTS:1REF:126-127OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge49.Which of the following businesses would be most likely to use family life cycle segmentation?a.Those that produce and market computer software and hardwareb.The snack industryc.Fast-food restaurantsd.Business-to-business marketerse.Wedding planners, couples-only resorts, and day care centersANS:EPeople in different stages of the family life cycle would be most likely getting married, going on a couples-only trip, or needing the services of a day care center.PTS:1REF:126-127OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Evaluation50._____ segmentation is based on personality, motives, and lifestyles.a.Psychographicb.Demographicc.Benefitd.Family life cyclee.CharacterANS:APersonality, motives, and lifestyles are bases of psychographic segmentation.PTS:1REF:127OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge51.All of the following are bases for psychographic segmentation EXCEPT:a.benefitsb.personalityc.motivesd.lifestylese.geodemographicsANS:ABenefit segmentation is a different segmentation strategy that groups customers on the basis of their needs and wants.PTS:1REF:127OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis57._____ divides individuals into groups according to the way they spend their time, the importance of items in their surroundings, their beliefs, and socioeconomic characteristics.a.Life cycle segmentationb.Temporal segmentationc.Lifestyle segmentationd.Microsegmentatione.MacrosegmentationANS:CThis describes the essence of lifestyle segmentation.PTS:1REF:127OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge58._____ is a method that clusters potential customers into neighborhood lifestyle categories and is a combination of geographic, demographic, and lifestyle segmentations.a.Geodemographic segmentationb.Microsegmentationc.Sociocultural clusteringd.Acculturatione.Lifestyle segmentationANS:AThis is the definition of geodemographic segmentation.PTS:1REF:127OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge62._____ is the process of grouping customers into market segments according to the benefits sought from the product.a.Benefit segmentationb.Value-added segmentationc.Lifestyle segmentationd.Macrosegmentatione.Psychographic segmentationANS:AThis is the definition of benefit segmentation.PTS:1REF:129OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge69.Which type of segmentation divides a market by the amount of product bought or consumed?a.Benefit segmentationb.Characteristic segmentationc.Usage-rate segmentationd.Demographic segmentatione.Psychographic segmentationANS:CThis is the definition of usage-rate segmentation.PTS:1REF:129OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge70.Most airline frequent flyer programs reward the most frequent flyers with business class upgrades and flight lounge privileges. Airlines are using these rewards as a means of implementing _____ segmentation.a.lifestyleb.motivec.usage-rated.demographice.personalityANS:CUsage-rate segmentation divides a market by consumption so that firms can target their heavy users.PTS:1REF:129OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Application74.What does the 80/20 principle propose?a.Roughly 80 percent of the profit comes from 20 percent of the sales.b.Roughly 80 percent of a firm’s customers are repeat business.c.Roughly 50 percent of a firm’s customers purchase 80 percent of the sales volume of the product.d.Roughly 20 percent of a firm’s customers purchase 80 percent of the sales volume of the product.e.Sales are equally divided among heavy, medium, and light users, but they all need slightly different products.ANS:DThe 80/20 principle proposes that a minority of a firm’s customers purchase a majority of the volume of the product.PTS:1REF:129OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge75.The _____ proposes that a minority of a firm’s customers purchase a majority of the volume of the product.a.majority fallacyb.equity fallacyc.80/20 principled.cannibalization rulee.optimizer principleANS:CThis is the definition of the 80/20 principle.PTS:1REF:129OBJ:08-4TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge77.Business marketers focus on all of the following market segments EXCEPT:a.institutionsb.producersc.householdsd.ernmentANS:CThe business market consists of four broad segments: producers, resellers, government, and institutions. Households are part of the consumer market.PTS:1REF:129OBJ:08-5TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis80.Firms can be categorized by the type of purchasing strategy they use. _____ usually contact familiar suppliers and place an order with the first that can meet product and delivery requirements.a.Strugglersb.Actualizersc.Optimizersd.Satisficerse.ExperiencersANS:DThis is the definition of satisficers.PTS:1REF:130OBJ:08-5TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge81.Hank operates a plumbing and electrical supply store. He has categorized its business customers by their purchasing strategy. Hank has found it much easier to serve and satisfy the _____, who usually recontact familiar suppliers and place an order immediately if product and delivery requirements are acceptable.a.adoptersb.adaptersc.optimizersd.innovatorse.satisficersANS:ESatisficers use a simple, quick purchasing strategy of looking for the first available adequate supplier.PTS:1REF:130OBJ:08-5TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Application84.What is the first step in segmenting a market?a.Set the segmentation goalsb.Choose a basis or bases for segmenting the marketc.Select a market or product category for studyd.Profile and analyze segmentse.Select target marketsANS:CThe steps in segmenting a market are (1) select a market or product category for study; (2) choose a basis or bases for segmenting the market; (3) select segmentation descriptors; (4) profile and analyze segments; (5) select target markets; and (6) design, implement, and maintain appropriate marketing mixes.PTS:1REF:131OBJ:08-6TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension85.All of the following are steps in the market segmenting process EXCEPT:a.determining the objectives of the segmentation strategyb.profiling and analyzing segmentsc.designing, implementing, and maintaining appropriate marketing mixesd.selecting a market or product category for studye.choosing a basis or bases for segmenting the marketANS:AThe steps in segmenting a market are (1) select a market or product category for study; (2) choose a basis or bases for segmenting the market; (3) select segmentation descriptors; (4) profile and analyze segments; (5) select target markets; and (6) design, implement, and maintain appropriate marketing mixes.PTS:1REF:131OBJ:08-6TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis86.June LaVista owns a health and fitness gym. After dividing her customers into four segments based on income range, age, level of fitness, and other selected segmentation descriptors, she wrote out a description of each segment’s size, expected growth, frequency of exercise, and overall profit potential. Which step in segmenting a market is LaVista engaged in?a.Profiling and analyzing her market segmentsb.Positioning her products to her market segmentsc.Targeting promotions to her market segmentsd.Differentiating her market segmentse.Concentrating her marketing mix on the most profitable marketing segmentsANS:AThe profiling and analysis of the segments step in segmenting a market involves analyzing the segments’ size, expected growth, purchase frequency, and so on.PTS:1REF:131OBJ:08-6TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Application87.After selecting a market for study and choosing bases for segmenting that market, the next step is to:a.select segmentation descriptorsb.implement and maintain a marketing mixc.design a marketing mixd.profile and analyze segmentse.select target marketsANS:AThe steps in segmenting a market are (1) select a market or product category for study; (2) choose a basis or bases for segmenting the market; (3) select segmentation descriptors; (4) profile and analyze segments; (5) select target markets; and (6) design, implement, and maintain appropriate marketing mixes.PTS:1REF:131OBJ:08-6TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension89.Market segmentation:a.is a scientific technique for selecting ways to attract specific population samplesb.is rarely done by consumer products companiesc.only needs to be done once for each productd.should be redone periodicallye.should be done every time a product enters a new stage of its life cycleANS:DMarkets are dynamic, so it is important that companies proactively monitor their segmentation over time.PTS:1REF:131OBJ:08-6TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension90.A(n) _____ is a group of people or organizations for which an organization designs, implements, and maintains a marketing mix intended to meet the needs of that group, resulting in mutually satisfying exchanges.a.heterogeneous segmentb.target marketc.responsive segmentd.aggregated markete.undifferentiated targetANS:BThis is the definition of a target market.PTS:1REF:131OBJ:08-7TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model CustomerMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge93.Which target marketing strategy views the market as one big market with no individual segments and thus uses a single marketing mix?a.Undifferentiatedb.Concentratedc.Niched.Uniforme.MultisegmentedANS:AA firm using an undifferentiated targeting strategy essentially adopts a mass-market philosophy, viewing the market as one big market with no individual segments.PTS:1REF:131-132OBJ:08-7TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge96.All of the following are advantages of using a concentrated targeting strategy EXCEPT:a.concentration of resourcesb.can better meet the needs of a narrowly defined segmentc.allows some small firms to better compete with larger firmsd.strong positioninge.cannibalizationANS:ECannibalization is a disadvantage of multisegment targeting. See Exhibit 8.2.PTS:1REF:132OBJ:08-7TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis97.A(n) _____ strategy entails selecting one segment of a market to target and focuses on understanding the needs, motives, and satisfactions of the members of that segment, as well as on developing a highly specialized marketing mix.a.universal productb.undifferentiated targetingc.concentrated targetingd.market developmente.product developmentANS:CConcentrated targeting strategy selects one segment of a market for targeting marketing efforts.PTS:1REF:133OBJ:08-7TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge99.When a firm uses a concentrated targeting strategy, it can:a.view the total market as receptive to its productb.offer a highly specialized marketing mixc.reach customers in two or more segments that might otherwise be missedd.avoid the danger of putting all resources in one micromarkete.concentrate on one generalized product to fit the mass market, maximizing sales volumeANS:BConcentrated targeting focuses on one target market and develops a highly specialized mix.PTS:1REF:133OBJ:08-7TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension107._____ is one of the potential disadvantages associated with a multisegment strategy.a.Inadequate demandb.Demarketingc.Lower profitsd.Cannibalizatione.Loss of synergyANS:DCannibalization is a situation that occurs when sales of a new product cut into sales of a firm’s existing products.PTS:1REF:134OBJ:08-7TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension111.An individualized marketing method that utilizes customer information to build long-term, personalized, and profitable relationships with each customer is referred to as:a.80/20 marketingb.interpersonal marketingc.zoned marketingd.one-to-one marketinge.individual marketingANS:DThis is the definition of one-to-one marketing.PTS:1REF:134OBJ:08-8TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge114.Increasing share of customer means:a.selling more products to each customerb.increasing the number of customersc.winning market share from competitorsd.the sales due to a customer relative to the costs of attaining and retaining that customere.individual customer revenue minus costs to satisfy that customerANS:AShare of customer represents how much a customer spends with a business, so increasing customer share attempts to sell more products to each customer rather than attempting to gain more customers overall.PTS:1REF:134OBJ:08-8TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension115.The basic goal of one-to-one marketing is to:a.increase the market for the product category to new and current customersb.eliminate the use of mass media for promotion and locate a direct communications channelc.increase operating costs and locate new customersd.reduce the number of company employees and increase overall salese.reduce costs through customer retention and increase revenue through customer loyaltyANS:ELoyal customers are less costly to maintain than acquiring new customers.PTS:1REF:134OBJ:08-8TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Comprehension116.All of the following have been identified as trends that will lead to the continuing growth of one-to-one marketing EXCEPT:a.the growing number of customers who do not have time to spend shoppingb.the fact that consumers do not want to be treated like the massesc.technology that allows the collection of detailed information on customersd.consumers are loyal to companies and brands that have earned their loyalty and reinforce it at every purchase occasione.mass marketing is no longer appropriate, especially for consumer packaged-goods productsANS:EAll of these are trends impacting the growth of one-to-one marketing except the inappropriateness of mass marketing for consumer packaged-goods products.PTS:1REF:135OBJ:08-8TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis118.Product positioning is the process of:a.finding the correct location for retail outlets to sell a product categoryb.finding the right channel of distribution for a productc.creating the desired image of the firm’s peting with competitors’ products in the retailers’ stores for the best position on the shelfe.pricing the product to be at a competitive level with other brands on the marketANS:CPositioning is developing a specific marketing mix to influence potential customers’ overall perception of a brand, product line, or organization in general.PTS:1REF:135OBJ:08-9TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge119._____ is the development of a specific marketing mix to influence potential customers’ overall perception of a brand, product line, or organization in general and is related to the place a product occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing offerings.a.Market differentiationb.bination marketingd.Positioninge.Market aggregationANS:DThis is the definition of positioning.PTS:1REF:135OBJ:08-9TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge121.The place a product, brand, or group of products occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing offerings is referred to as a product’s:a.statusb.equityc.framed.rolee.positionANS:EThis is the definition of a product’s position.PTS:1REF:135OBJ:08-9TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model ProductMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge124.Products such as bleaches, aspirin, unleaded regular gasoline, and some soaps are distinguished by differences such as brand names, packaging, color, smell, or “secret” additives. With these products, marketers attempt to convince customers that their product is significantly different from the others and should therefore be demanded over competing brands. These marketers are using:a.cannibalizationb.perceptual mappingc.psychographic targetingd.integrated marketinge.product differentiationANS:EProduct differentiation is a positioning strategy that some firms use to distinguish their products from those of competitors.PTS:1REF:135OBJ:08-9TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model ProductMSC:BLOOMS Application127.Which of the following is a means of displaying or graphing, in two or more dimensions, the location of products, brands, or groups of products in customers’ minds?a.Perceptual mappingb.Product positioningc.Market segmentationd.Product tracinge.LadderingANS:AThis is the definition of perceptual mapping.PTS:1REF:136OBJ:08-9TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model ProductMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge129.All of the following are typical bases for positioning EXCEPT:a.attributeb.price and qualityc.distributiond.emotione.product userANS:CTypical bases for positioning include attribute, price and quality, use or application, product user, product class, competitor, and emotion.PTS:1REF:136-137OBJ:08-9TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Analysis133.Changing consumers’ perceptions of a brand in relation to competing brands is known as:a.positioningb.repositioningc.reintermediationd.demarketinge.reengineeringANS:BThis is the definition of repositioning.PTS:1REF:137OBJ:08-9TOP:AACSB Reflective ThinkingKEY:CB&E Model StrategyMSC:BLOOMS Knowledge ................
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