States of Matter: solid, liquid, and gas



Misconceptions Children have about MatterProperties of Matter Color, texture, and other properties are not relative to the matter. They are different things. Color is like paint, not a property of the matter itself.Matter is always smallParticles are side by side or there are air particles.There is air between air molecules.Energy, heat and/or sound are forms of matter.Matter is not conserved, it disappears or appears during processes such as dissolving, burning, evaporation, boiling, rotting, respiration, rusting, condensation, and growth of plants.Scientific ConceptsWeight is another name for gravitational force.Weight is the force exerted by an object against a support and is equal to the force exerted by the support on the object.Weightlessness is never absolute, there is always some, maybe very small weight.Gravitational force and weight being the same, decrease with increasing distance from the Earth?MisconceptionsWeightlessness is a result of being in space.Weightlessness only happens in a space vehicle.Weightlessness happens with the absence of air.Weightlessness happens when an object leaves Earth.Emptiness or nothingness creates weightlessness.Free fall near Earth does not have weightlessness.There is an additional force involved with free fall.States of Matter: solid, liquid, and gasDifferent states are different kinds of matter. Ice, water, water gas are all different substances.Materials can only have properties of one state of matterFood is a solid, toys are, window, something that is hard, it doesn't break, wood, you can feel it, you can look at it.Particles of solids have no motionSolidSolids are never hollow, have no holes, Solids are heavy, hard, hard to carry, LiquidLiquid is something you can drink, sugar is liquid you can drink, fruit is liquid because it is juicy,Ice is a liquid, an igloo is liquidA liquid is flat, runnyYou can feel it, you can push itA liquid is gas (gasoline)Liquids are not matter because we drink themLiquids are things you drinkLiquids spill and run all overLiquids can be compressed (liquids in a plastic bottle).Liquids have water in themThe thicker the liquid the heavier, more dense it isOnly water can melt, boil, freezeGasGases are not matter because they are invisibleGases have no massGases floatSmoke is a gasWhen things burn they all turn into a gas or all turns into smoke.Most gases are poisonous Air and oxygen are the same thingHelium and hot are the same thingGases are invisibleGas is a fart.Gas is gasoline, natural gas, propaneGas is blackGas is flatGas is a structure - tent, buildingAir is not a gas.Air particles float.Air particles are not moving when there is no wind.Air has no mass, it is light because we can not see it, air does not take up space.Air had no mass or negative weight.Air is not affected by gravity.Helium has negative weight.Air is about the size of dust particles in air.DensityHeavy objects always sink and light objects always float.Weight determines if an object will sink or float.A larger heavier object will not float as well as a smaller lighter object of the same material.The amount of water will cause objects to float or sink better.There must be more water for larger objects to float. Weight of the water must be more than the weight of the object.Objects with holes will always sink.Objects with air float.Objects float on top of the liquid.Fish don’t float unless they are dead.Objects sink because there is more water than oil. If there were more oil, the oil would be on the bottom.Water is on the bottom, because it was poured in first.Density is the thickness of somethingOil is always on top because it repels water, corn syrup has some oil in it and it would be between oil and water, anything mixed with oil separatesThe more air pockets in something the more it will float. Wax, ice, has lots of air pockets in it and floats.Liquids are liquids and will all mix togetherMatter and interactions of matter? Mixtures and solutionsSugar, salt, kool-aid… in water it disappears. It gets smaller and smaller until it is gone (molecules or atoms shrink or disappear). The dissolved substance doesn't take up any space.Taste or color don't have substance (not associated with particles or atoms).It melts, turns into a liquid.Powders put in water will sink or float.It goes from water to another kind of liquidIf you add more and more half will turn to water and half will notWhen you put jello, kool-aid into water it evaporates in a puffWhen you put jello, kool-aid, rocks, into water it turns a darker colorThe powder changes chemically and you can never change it backIf you keep adding more a chemical reaction will happenThe water is absorbing the powderSurface tension Drop of liquid on a penny: - The number of drops that fit will depend on how flat the penny is (the size of the penny).One drop will cover the entire penny.Depends on the size of the ridge on the penny.Depends on how far you drop the drops onto the penny.Clear liquids will be the same opaque liquids will hold more because they are thicker.Thick liquids will fit more than thin liquids because they are thicker and will stay on and build up. (stickier?).The water drops form together and build up.The temperature will make a difference. Hotter water will be less than cold because the particles move faster.Pennies dropped into a jar full of water: shape of the glass distorts your view so you can put more in than you think. The lip of the glass lets the water go above the rim. The pennies are smaller than you think.Air and air pressureAir = wind and is made my trees, blowing, fans, …made when it is captured, balloons, bagsAir in only found in skyBubbles in boiling water is made of air.Air does not have any weight.There are two types of air pressure: high and lowWhen air is heated it expands and causes high pressureWhen air is cooled it contracts and causes low pressureEgg in a bottle: Heat brought oils, water out of egg and it slid into the bottle.Heat melted some of the egg so it got smaller and fell into the bottleThe fire sucked the egg into the bottle.You can just blow the balloon up or push it in with a pencilPut balloon over bottle fill with water and the water will push it in. Then let the water evaporate and it will stay in.AerodynamicsPaper planes students didn't have concept of gravity as pulling plane down. Also The higher up an object is in the air the more air is pushing down on it.Hard throwing causes the plane to go less or spiral to the ground and crash.Nose has to be pointed. Makes it go farther and guides it better.The larger the surface area of the wings the more the air could lift the plane.Nuclear Nuclear energy is a different kind of energy. Has something to do with mass. ................
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