English As a Second Language and English Literacy …

Ministry of Education

The Ontario Curriculum

Grades 1¨C 8

English As a Second Language

and

English Literacy Development

A Resource Guide

2001

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

PART 1. ESL/ELD PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

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6

Introduction

The Backgrounds of ESL and ELD Students

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Factors Influencing Second-Language Acquisition

6

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7

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7

The Acculturation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

Stages of Second-Language Acquisition for ESL Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development for ELD Students . .

9

Using the Stages of Second-Language Acquisition in Program Planning,

Program Development, and Assessment of Student Performance . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

Program Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

The Role of the School: Establishing School-Wide Supports for ESL and ELD Students . .

13

Reception and Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

Initial Assessment

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14

Placement

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14

Monitoring

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15

Communicating Effectively With Parents of ESL/ELD Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

Promoting an Inclusive and Supportive School Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

The Role of the Classroom Teacher and the ESL/ELD Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

Teaching Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

The Role of Parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

Assessment, Evaluation, and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

Reporting to Parents of ESL/ELD Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

Completing the Provincial Report Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

Maintenance of the Student¡¯s First Language

This publication is available on the Ministry of Education¡¯s

website at .

2

Further Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

ESL/ELD Students in the Kindergarten Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

ESL/ELD Students and the Secondary School Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

ESL/ELD Students in the French As a Second Language Program . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

ESL or ELD Students Who Are Exceptional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

ESL/ELD Students and Technology in the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

PART 2. DESCRIPTIONS OF SKILLS AT THE FOUR STAGES

OF SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND

LITERACY DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

A. Stages of Second-Language Acquisition for ESL Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

Grades 1 to 3

A1.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

A1.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29

A1.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

A1.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

A1.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

Grades 4 to 6

A2.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33

A2.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

A2.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35

A2.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36

A2.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37

Grades 7 and 8

A3.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

A3.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

A3.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40

A3.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41

A3.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

B. Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development for ELD Students . .

43

Grades 1 to 3

B1.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge

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43

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44

B1.3 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

B1.4 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46

B1.2 Reading

3

Grades 4 to 6

B2.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge

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47

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48

B2.3 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49

B2.4 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50

B2.2 Reading

Grades 7 and 8

B3.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

51

B3.2 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52

B3.3 Writing

53

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B3.4 Orientation

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54

PART 3. SAMPLE ADAPTATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS

FOR SELECTED TEACHING UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55

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56

Grade 1, Social Studies

Heritage and Citizenship: Relationships, Rules, and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

58

Grade 2, Science and Technology

Structures and Mechanisms: Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64

Grade 3, Language

Genre Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71

Grade 4, Mathematics

Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78

Grade 5, Science and Technology

Earth and Space Systems:Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85

Grade 6, Social Studies

Canada and World Connections: Canada and Its Trading Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92

Grade 7, History

British North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98

Introduction

Grade 7, Geography

Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Grade 8, Science and Technology

Energy and Control: Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Grade 8, Language

Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Glossary

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

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