English As a Second Language and English Literacy …
Ministry of Education
The Ontario Curriculum
Grades 1¨C 8
English As a Second Language
and
English Literacy Development
A Resource Guide
2001
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
PART 1. ESL/ELD PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
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6
Introduction
The Backgrounds of ESL and ELD Students
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Factors Influencing Second-Language Acquisition
6
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7
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7
The Acculturation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Stages of Second-Language Acquisition for ESL Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development for ELD Students . .
9
Using the Stages of Second-Language Acquisition in Program Planning,
Program Development, and Assessment of Student Performance . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Program Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
The Role of the School: Establishing School-Wide Supports for ESL and ELD Students . .
13
Reception and Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Initial Assessment
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14
Placement
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14
Monitoring
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15
Communicating Effectively With Parents of ESL/ELD Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Promoting an Inclusive and Supportive School Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
The Role of the Classroom Teacher and the ESL/ELD Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Teaching Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
The Role of Parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Assessment, Evaluation, and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Reporting to Parents of ESL/ELD Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Completing the Provincial Report Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Maintenance of the Student¡¯s First Language
This publication is available on the Ministry of Education¡¯s
website at .
2
Further Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
ESL/ELD Students in the Kindergarten Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
ESL/ELD Students and the Secondary School Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
ESL/ELD Students in the French As a Second Language Program . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
ESL or ELD Students Who Are Exceptional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
ESL/ELD Students and Technology in the Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
PART 2. DESCRIPTIONS OF SKILLS AT THE FOUR STAGES
OF SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND
LITERACY DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
A. Stages of Second-Language Acquisition for ESL Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Grades 1 to 3
A1.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
A1.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
A1.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
A1.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
A1.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Grades 4 to 6
A2.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
A2.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
A2.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
A2.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
A2.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
Grades 7 and 8
A3.1 Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
A3.2 Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
A3.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
A3.4 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
A3.5 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
B. Stages of Second-Language Acquisition and Literacy Development for ELD Students . .
43
Grades 1 to 3
B1.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge
.........................
43
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44
B1.3 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
B1.4 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
B1.2 Reading
3
Grades 4 to 6
B2.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge
.........................
47
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48
B2.3 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
B2.4 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
B2.2 Reading
Grades 7 and 8
B3.1 Oral Expression and Language Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
B3.2 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
B3.3 Writing
53
...................................................
B3.4 Orientation
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54
PART 3. SAMPLE ADAPTATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS
FOR SELECTED TEACHING UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
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56
Grade 1, Social Studies
Heritage and Citizenship: Relationships, Rules, and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
Grade 2, Science and Technology
Structures and Mechanisms: Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
Grade 3, Language
Genre Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
Grade 4, Mathematics
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
Grade 5, Science and Technology
Earth and Space Systems:Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
Grade 6, Social Studies
Canada and World Connections: Canada and Its Trading Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92
Grade 7, History
British North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
98
Introduction
Grade 7, Geography
Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Grade 8, Science and Technology
Energy and Control: Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Grade 8, Language
Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
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