APES Unit 4: Chapter 8 Community Ecology



APES Unit 4: Chapter 8 Community Ecology

Characteristics of Community:

1. physical appearance

2. species diversity

3. niche structure

Diversity on Islands:

MacArthur/Wilson

Species equilibrium model/theory of island biogeography

# of different species on the island = the rate at which new species immigrate to t he island and the rate at which existing species become extinct

**** rates should come to _____________

2 features affect immigration:

1.

2.

Types of Species:

Native:

Nonnative:

Indicator species:

Example: frogs!

Keystone species:

Foundation species:

Interaction of Species:

1. Competition

Resource partitioning:

2. Predation:

How does the predator increase his chances?

How does the prey increase his chances?

3. Parasitism:

4. Mutualism:

5. Commensalism:

Ecological Succession:

Primary Succession

Secondary Succession

3 Factors that affect succession rate:

1. facilitation

2. inhibition

3. tolerance

Disturbances:

Balance of Nature:

*** We cannot project the course of a given succession or view it as a preordained progress toward an ideally adapted climax community****

3 Aspects of stability/sustainability:

1. inertia/persistence:

2. constancy:

3. resilience:

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