Teaching Models, School Reform



Study Questions for Week 13

Model of the Teaching/Learning Process

MTL1. Why is a model of the teaching/learning process necessary? What value does it serve?

MTL2. Why have so many alternative models been developed over the last 4 decades? Why is John Carroll's model especially important?

MTL3. I hypothesize 4 rubrics that can serve as categories for all variables to be discussed in educational psychology. Can you think of a category that I have left out or a variable that does not fit in one of the categories? Describe the basis of your position.

MTL4. Why is the output category so important in a model of the teaching/learning process? What is the standard used to measure school learning in the US? Why is this done? Who made the decision to do this? What are some implications of this decision?

MTL5. What is the classroom process category (i.e., give a definition and describe the subcategories). What specific variables are included in this category? Which are the most important? Why?

MTL6. What is an input variable in this model (i.e., give a definition). Why are teacher beliefs, especially teacher efficacy, so important (i.e., what impact do they have on classroom behavior)? Why is time an important construct when deciding whether intelligence (academic ability) or the ability to understand instruction (prerequisite knowledge) is the more important student characteristic?

MTL7. The school, family, religious organizations, and peer groups are especially important context factors in this model. Why?

Academic Learning Time

ALT1. Define and differentiate the following terms related to school time: school year, attendance year, school day, allocated time, engagement rate, engaged time, time on task, time on target, academic learning time? Which time variable is the best predictor of student achievement? Why?

ALT2. Give specific examples of how can policy makers and educators can improve academic learning time? Be specific about what state and local policy boards, principals and teachers can do. [Hint: Relate improvements to the Systems Model of the Teaching/Learning Process.]

Effective School Reform

ESR1. What does WYMIWYG mean? Why is this an important principle of school reform? Do you believe assessment of academic skills is necessary and sufficient for schools today? Why or why not?

ESR2. Do you agree that preparing students for adult success is exclusively the responsibility of schools? If not, who else should be involved and what responsibilities should they have?

ESR3. Do you agree with the principle that schooling reform should focus on schools, not on teachers? Why or why not?

ESR4. Do you agree that the concept of “value added” should be used to judge the effectiveness of teachers and schools? Why or why not?

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