Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that converts glucose or other food molecules into stored energy in the form of the chemical ATP. Respiration is usually divided into three stages:
Glycolysis, Krebs’ cycle and the electron transport chain.
A) Web site name: University of Cincinnati, Clermont College
Web URL:
Read “Cellular Respiration and Fermentation”
1) What is glycolysis? _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2) Does glycolysis need oxygen as part of any of its chemical reactions?______
3) What color are the Nitrogen (N) atoms in the diagram? _________________
4) What is the connection between yogurt and sore muscles?
____________________________________________________________
5) Which long protein molecule in bread traps the CO2 so that the bread rises? _____________________________________________________________
B) Web site name: Indiana University Biotech
Web URL:
6) What is glucose converted into during glycolysis? ____________________
7) What is the connection between glycolysis and beer? __________________ _____________________________________________________________
Click on Pathway
8) How many carbon atoms are there in fructose? ____________________
9) What is the difference in chemical structure between Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and Glyceraldehyde phosphate ? _________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
10) Which enzyme (ending is –ase) breaks Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon molecules ? __________________________
C) Web site name: University of California Muscle Physiology Lab
Web URL:
Read “Aerobic metabolism”
11) What 2-carbon molecule is pyruvate oxidized to? _____________________
12) What 6-carbon molecule is shown on the top right of the cycle? _____________________________________________________________
13) How many NADH molecules are produced for every pyruvate that enters the Krebs cycle? __________________
Click on NADHs
14) How many ATPs are actually formed from each NADH ? _______________
15) Which cells have creatine phosphate in them ? ________________________
D) Web site name: University of California Muscle Physiology Lab
Web URL:
16) What is the normal turnover rate of creatine? _________________________
17) If you eat (ingest) more creatine what happens to the amount synthesized by your body? ____________________________________________________
Many companies sell creatine as a “nutritional supplement”. One example is:
E) Web site name: Absolute Creatine
Web URL:
18) How much creatine was sold in 1998? ____________________________
19) What claims does this company make for creatine? ____________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
20) Why may some people “not be a responder to creatine”? _____________________________________________________________
21) Read the fine print at the bottom of the screen. Do you think that the Food and Drug Administration should investigate statements made by these companies ? ______________ Why ? ______________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
The reactions of the Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain occur inside the mitochondria. This next web site shows the structure of mitochondria:
F) Web site name: Rice University, Texas
Web URL:
22) Mitochondria are ___________-sized organelles, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells.
23) What is one of the richest sources of mitochondria known?
_____________________________________________________________
24) What is the function of “porins”? __________________________________
25) Where is the electron transport chain located? ________________________
26) Why can photos make it appear that there is more than one mitochondrion? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
G) Web site name: Florida State College at Jacksonville
Web URL:
Read “The Electron Transport Chain”
27) The proteins of the inner membrane collect electrons from which two chemicals? ______________________________________________
28) What is the purpose of oxygen in the electron transport chain? ___________ _____________________________________________________________
29) How many ATP molecules are made from each FADH2 ? _______________
One way of increasing respiration ( and “burning” food ) is to exercise.
H) Web site name: Federal Citizen Information Center
Web URL:
Look at the table of “Activity” and “Calories Burned”.
30) Which activity listed here uses the fewest calories? ____________________
31) How many calories are used when you run at 10mph? __________________
32) How many more calories are used by jogging at 7 mph compared to 51/2 mph? ___________________________
33) How many calories are burned by swimming at 50 yds/min? ____________
34) A Big Mac cheeseburger (without fries) has 704 calories. Roughly how many hours would you have to walk at 2 mph to burn these calories? ____________________
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