Sample Multiple Choice Questions



Sample Multiple Choice Questions

|Topic |Regents Question |AP Question |

|Respiration |17 The graphs below show the changes in the relative concentrations|Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because|

| |of two gases in the air surrounding a group of mice. |oxygen is |

| | |necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation |

| | |necessary to replenish glycogen levels |

| |[pic] |necessary for fermentation to take place |

| | |required by all living things |

| |Which process in the mice most likely accounts |required to break down the ethanol that is produced in muscles |

| |for the changes shown? | |

| |(1) active transport (3) respiration | |

| |(2) evaporation (4) photosynthesis | |

|Biochemistry |36 A word equation is shown below. |A + B + energy ( AB |

| |Starch molecules ( Simple sugars |Which of the following best characterizes the reaction presented |

| |This reaction is most directly involved in the process of |above? |

| |reproduction |hydrolysis |

| |protein synthesis |catabolism |

| |replication |oxidative-reduction |

| |(4) heterotrophic nutrition |exergonic reaction |

| | |endergonic reaction |

|Cell Types |7 The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in |Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria |

| |(1) a nucleus |are descendents of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells? |

| |(2) a chromosome |mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA |

| |(3) a protein molecule |mitochondria and bacteria possess similar nuclei |

| |(4) an enzyme molecule |glycolysis occurs in both mitochondria and bacteria |

| | |both mitochondria and bacteria have microtubules |

| | |neither mitochondria nor bacteria possess chloroplasts |

|Plants |With the exception of photosynthesis and cell structures, Plants |In plants, the initiation of flowering in response to photoperiod is |

| |are not covered on the Living Environment exam |triggered by changes in |

| | |ethylene |

| | |auxin |

| | |gibberellic acid |

| | |phytochrome |

| | |cytochrome |

Sample Free-Response Questions: Topic – DNA

|Regents Questions |

|Identify one environmental factor that could cause a base sequence in DNA to be |

|changed to a different base sequence. [1] |

|AP Biology |

|Scientists seeking to determine which molecule is responsible for the transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next knew that the molecule must |

|(1) copy itself precisely, (2) be stable but able to be changed, and (3) be complex enough to determine an organism’s phenotype. |

| |

|Explain how DNA meets each of the three criteria stated above. |

|Select one of the criteria above and describe experimental evidence used to determine that DNA is the hereditary material. |

| |

|A full-credit response (22 min. per essay – no choices are given)–actual student response: |

| |

|DNA replicates itself using semi-conservative replication. This means that each parent strand of DNA will serve as the template for forming a new DNA molecule |

|resulting in daughter molecules that are ½ old DNA and ½ new. The DNA molecule is split down the middle by helicase, which breaks the bonds holding the |

|complimentary nucleotides together. Helicase functions in a 3’ to 5’ direction, with 3’ and 5’ denoting the ends of the DNA molecule. A new strand is synthesized |

|by DNA polymerase, which catalyzes the adding of new nucleotides to each half of the DNA molecule. Thus, each daughter DNA molecule is identical to its parent. |

|The DNA molecule is held together in the middle by hydrogen bonds between the two strands, and nucleotides are attached to one another lengthwise down the molecule|

|by phosphodiester bonds. Both of these bonds, plus the coiling of the molecule, contribute to its stability. However, variation is possible due to mutation in the |

|DNA. Mutations may be caused by a number of sources, but they all include the changing of the sequence of nucleotides. Nucleotides may be inserted into the chain, |

|deleted, or translocated. Each of these mutations corresponds to a change in the structure of the protein that the gene codes for, which may or may not have |

|serious effects. |

|DNA consists of four nucleotides, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Adenine and guanine are purines, and have complementary structures to cytosine and |

|thymine which are pyrimidines (A pairs with T & C pairs with G) These four nucleotides, arranged in various sequences along a molecule of DNA are responsible for |

|the incredible diversity of proteins which may be produced. Nucleotides code for proteins in triplets, or codons. Each amino acid corresponds to several different |

|codons. Each amino acid corresponds to several different codons. (64 codons are possible, and 20 amino acids exist, with 2 codons signaling for “stop”) The |

|phenotype of an organism is a result of the variations in the proteins produced in this way. |

|Messelsohn and Stahl performed an experiment to prove Watson and Crick’s theory of semiconservative replication of the DNA molecule. They used a centrifuge to |

|separate DNA from bacteria. The DNA formed a band visible in the tube. When the DNA were grown in a medium containing heavy nitrogen isotope (N-15), the band was |

|in a different place. When they allowed the bacteria to grow in the medium long enough for one generation of replication, the band formed was between the two light|

|and heavy bands, suggesting that it consisted of ½ light and ½ heavy DNA. One more repication in an N-14 medium would result in only light and medium bands showing|

|that half of the strands were all new DNA, while the other half were hybrid light and heavy. This proved that each time, half of the DNA served as a template for |

|replication of a new half of the molecule. |

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