Keystone Biology Remediation A1: Basic Biological Principles
Keystone Biology Remediation A1: Basic Biological Principles
Assessment Anchors: ? to describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (A.1.1.1) ? to compare the cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (A.1.2.1) ? to describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e. organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms) (A.1.2.2)
Unit Vocabulary:
biology cell cell wall chloroplast chromosomes cytoplasm development DNA endoplasmic reticulum eukaryote
Golgi apparatus growth homeostasis mitochondrion multicellular nucleus organ organ system organelle organism
photosynthesis plasma membrane prokaryote reproduction response ribosome stimulus tissue unicellular vacuole
Assessment Anchor: Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (A.1.1.1)
Characteristic
Description
Are
made
of
cells
All
living
things
consist
of
one
or
more
cells.
The
chemical
reactions
that
keep
organisms
alive
take
place
in
cells.
Picture
Are
based
on
a
universal
genetic
code
All
living
things
store
their
genetic
information
in
DNA.
The
DNA
of
all
living
things
consists
of
a
code
made
of
four
bases:
adenine,
thymine,
guanine
and
cytosine.
All
living
things
need
to
get
energy
Constantly
obtain
and
raw
materials
to
keep
and
use
materials
themselves
alive.
Some
living
things
and
energy
make
their
own
food
and
some
eat
other
organisms.
Are
capable
of
reproducing
(on
their
own)
All
living
things
are
capable
of
producing
offspring.
These
offspring
obtain
their
genetic
makeup
from
their
parents
Grow
and
develop
All
living
things
have
a
distinct
life
cycle
?
a
particular
pattern
of
growth
and
change
that
occurs
over
the
organism's
lifetime.
Respond
to
stimuli
All
living
things
can
react
to
events
occurring
in
their
environments.
Maintain
homeostasis
All
living
things
maintain
a
constant
internal
environment/internal
balance.
cold
water
warm
water
Assessment Anchor: Compare the cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (A.1.2.1)
Plant vs. Animal Cell
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells
Assessment Anchor:
Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e. organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms) (A.1.2.2)
Level of Organization
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Definition
a group of atoms bonded
together
the basic unit of all living things
a group of cells that share a common structure and function
a group of tissues working
together to perform a common function a group of organs working together to perform a common function
Example of Specialization
Phospholipids, the major component of cell membranes, have a polar region
and a nonpolar region. This allows the cell membrane to function effectively as
a selective barrier. Cells that line the small intestine are specialized for the absorption of small
molecules. They have folded cell membranes to increase the surface
area for absorption. One function of epithelium is to provide
a barrier to foreign invaders. The epithelium that lines the inside of the mouth is composed of many layers of
cells because they are constantly knocked off when food is chewed.
The function of the lungs is to exchange gases with the bloodstream. The lungs are composed of small sacs that increase the surface area for the
diffusion of gases.
The function of the digestive system is to digest food, absorb nutrients, and
egest the remaining material. The system consists of the mouth,
esophagus, stomach, and intestines as well as the pancreas and liver.
Diagram
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