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Date__________________________________UNIT 7Learning Standards: SS5H6 The student will explain the reasons for America’s involvement in World War II.a. Describe Germany’s aggression in Europe and Japanese aggression in Asia.b. Describe major events in the war in both Europe and the Pacific; include Pearl Harbor, Iwo Jima, D-Day, VE and VJ Days, and the Holocaust.c. Discuss President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.d. Identify Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill, Hirohito, Truman, Mussolini, and Hitler.e. Describe the effects of rationing and the changing role of women and African- Americans; include “Rosie the Riveter” and the Tuskegee Airmen.f. Explain the U.S. role in the formation of the United Nations.Essential QuestionWhy did the United States become involved in World War II?TimelineWorld War II lasted from 1939 to 1945. There were several major events leading up to the war and then during the war. Here is a timeline listing some of the major events: Leading up to the War 1933 January 30 - Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. His Nazi Party, or the Third Reich, takes power and Hitler is essentially the dictator of Germany. 1936 October 25 - Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy form the Rome-Berlin Axis treaty. 1936 November 25 - Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact. This was a pact against communism and Russia. 1937 July 7 - Japan invades China. 1938 March 12 - Hitler annexes the country of Austria into Germany. This is also called the Anschluss. World War II 1939 September 1 - Germany invades Poland. World War II begins. 1939 September 3 - France and Great Britain declare war on Germany. 1940 April 9 to June 9 - Germany invades and takes control of Denmark and Norway. 1940 May 10 to June 22 - Germany uses quick strikes called blitzkrieg, meaning lightning war, to take over much of western Europe including the Netherlands, Belgium, and northern France. 1940 May 30 - Winston Churchill becomes leader of the British government. 1940 June 10 - Italy enters the war as a member of the Axis powers. 1940 July 10 - Germany launches an air attack on Great Britain. These attacks last until the end of October and are known as the Battle of Britain. 1940 September 22 - Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact creating the Axis Alliance. 1941 June 22 - Germany and the Axis Powers attack Russia with a huge force of over four million troops. 1941 December 7 - The Japanese attack the US Navy in Pearl Harbor. The next day the US enters World War II on the side of the Allies. 1942 June 4 - The US Navy defeats the Japanese navy at the Battle of Midway. 1942 July 10 - The Allies invade and take the island of Sicily. 1943 September 3 - Italy surrenders to the Allies, however Germany helps Mussolini to escape and set up a government in Northern Italy. 1944 June 6 - D-day and the Normandy invasion. Allied forces invade France and push back the Germans. 1944 August 25 - Paris is liberated from German control. 1944 December 16 - The Germans launch a large attack in the Battle of the Bulge. They lose to the Allies sealing the fate of the German army. 1945 February 19 - US Marines invade the island of Iwo Jima. After a fierce battle they capture the island. 1945 April 12 - US President Franklin Roosevelt dies. He is succeeded by President Harry Truman. 1945 March 22 - The US Third Army under General Patton crosses the Rhine River. 1945 April 30 - Adolf Hitler commits suicide as he knows Germany has lost the war. 1945 May 7 - Germany surrenders to the Allies. 1945 August 6 - The United States drops the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. The city is devastated. 1945 August 9 - Another atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. 1945 September 2 - Japan surrenders to US General Douglass MacArthur and the Allies.Dictators Rise to PowerHirohitoAdolf HitlerBenito MussoliniJapanGermanyItalyA X I S POWERSWorld War II was fought between two major groups of nations. They became known as the Axis Powers and the Allied Powers. The major Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan. The Forming of the Axis Powers The alliance began to form in 1936. First, on October 15, 1936 Germany and Italy signed a friendship treaty that formed the Rome-German Axis. It was after this treaty that Italian dictator Benito Mussolini used the term Axis to refer to their alliance. Shortly after this, on November 25, 1936, Japan and Germany both signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, which was a treaty against communism. An even stronger alliance was signed between Germany and Italy on May 22, 1939 called the Pact of Steel. This treaty would later be called the Tripartite Pact when Japan signed it on September 27, 1940. Now the three main Axis Powers were allies in the war. Leaders of the Axis Powers The three main member countries of the Axis Powers were ruled by dictators. They were: Germany: Adolf Hitler - Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and Fuhrer in 1934. He was a ruthless dictator who hated Jewish people. He wanted to purge Germany of all weak people. He also wanted to take control of all of Europe. Italy: Benito Mussolini - Mussolini was supreme dictator of Italy. He founded the concept of a fascist government where there is one leader and one party that has total power. He was an inspiration to Adolf Hitler. Japan: Emperor Hirohito - Hirohito reigned as Emperor of Japan from 1926 until 1989. He remained Emperor after the war. The first time his subjects heard his voice was when he announced Japan's surrender on the radio. Other leaders and generals in the war: Germany: Heinrich Himmler - Himmler was second in command to Hitler. He commanded the Gestapo police and was in charge of the concentration camps. Hermann G?ring - Goring held the title Prime Minister of Prussia. He was commander of the German air force called the Luftwaffe. Erwin Rommel - Rommel was one of Germany's smartest Generals. He commanded their army in Africa and then the German army during the Invasion of Normandy. Italy: Victor Emmanuel III - He was King of Italy and the head of the Italian Army. In reality he did whatever Mussolini told him to do until Mussolini was removed from power. Ugo Cavallero - Commander of the Italian Royal Army during World War II. Japan: Hideki Tojo - As Prime Minister of Japan, Hideki Tojo was a major supporter of the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. Isoroku Yamamoto - Yamamoto was thought to be the best war strategist and commander of the Japanese armed forces. He was commander of the Japanese Navy and a leader in the attack on Pearl Harbor. He died in 1943. Osami Nagano - A Fleet Admiral in the Japanese Navy, Nagano was a leader in the attack on Pearl Harbor. Other countries in the Axis Alliance: Hungary - Hungary became the fourth member of the Tripartite Pact. Hungary played a large role in the invasion of Russia. Bulgaria - Bulgaria started out on the Axis side of the war, but after being invaded by Russia ended up on the side of the Allies. Romania - Similar to Bulgaria, Romania was on the side of the Axis Powers and helped to invade Russia. However, by the end of the war they changed sides and fought for the Allies. Finland - Finland never signed the Tripartite Pact, but fought with the Axis countries against Russia. Interesting Facts The Pact of Steel was first called the Pact of Blood, but they changed the name thinking the public would not like it. Mussolini was often called "Duce", or leader. Hitler picked a similar name in German called "Fuhrer". At their peak during World War II, the Axis Powers ruled much of Europe, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Some people in Italy called the Italian Empire the New Roman Empire. The Italians conquered Ethiopia and Albania prior the break out of World War II. They were the first major power to surrender to the Allies. NOTESDate___________________________Personality of the AXIS PowersAdolf HitlerOccupation: Dictator of Germany Born: April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn, Austria–Hungary Died: April 30 1945 in Berlin, Germany Best known for: Starting World War II and the Holocaust Adolf Hitler was the leader of Germany from 1933 to 1945. He was leader of the Nazi party and became a powerful dictator. Hitler started World War II by invading Poland and then invading many other European countries. He is also known for wanting to exterminate the Jewish people in the Holocaust.Adolf was born on April 20, 1899 in a city named Braunau am Inn in the country of Austria. His family moved around some, living a short while in Germany and then back to Austria. Hitler did not have a happy childhood. Both his parents died fairly young and many of his brothers and sisters died as well. Adolf did not do well in school. He was expelled from a couple of schools before he moved to Venice, Italy to pursue his dream of becoming an artist. While living in Venice, Hitler found that he did not have much artistic talent and he soon became very poor. He would later move to Munich, Germany in hopes of becoming an architect. Soldier in World War I When World War I began, Hitler joined the German army. Adolf was awarded twice with the Iron Cross for bravery. It was during World War I that Hitler became a strong German patriot and also came to love war. Rise in Power After the war, Hitler entered politics. Many Germans were upset that they had lost the war. They were also not happy with the Treaty of Versailles, which not only blamed the war on Germany, but took land from Germany. At the same time, Germany was in an economic depression. Many people were poor. Between the depression and the Treaty of Versailles, the time was ripe for Hitler to rise to power.Once entering politics, Hitler discovered that he was gifted in giving speeches. His speeches were powerful and people believed what he said. Hitler joined the Nazi party and soon became its leader. He promised Germany that if he became leader he would restore Germany to greatness in Europe. In 1933 he was elected Chancellor of Germany. After becoming Chancellor, there was no stopping Hitler. He had studied his idol, Benito Mussolini of Italy, about how to install a fascist government and become a dictator. Soon Hitler was dictator of Germany. World War II In order for Germany to grow, Hitler thought the country needed more land or "living space". He first annexed Austria as part of Germany and then took over part of Czechoslovakia. This wasn't enough, however. On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland and World War II began. Hitler formed an alliance with the Axis Powers of Japan and Italy. They were fighting the Allied Powers of Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States.Hitler's army began to take over much of Europe. They attacked quickly in what was called Blitzkrieg or "lightning war". Soon Germany had captured much of Europe including France, Denmark, and Belgium. However, the Allies fought back. On June 6, 1944 they invaded the beaches of Normandy and soon liberated France. By March of 1945 the Allies had defeated much of the German army. On April 30, 1945 Hitler committed suicide. The Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing Hitler was responsible for some of the most horrible crimes committed in human history. He hated Jewish people and wanted to exterminate them from Germany. He forced Jewish people to go to concentration camps where 6 million Jews were killed during World War II. He also had other people and races he didn't like killed including handicapped people. Facts about Hitler Hitler loved the circus, especially the acrobats. He never took his coat off, no matter how hot it got. He didn't exercise and didn't like sports. Only one of Hitler's 5 siblings survived childhood, his sister Paula. Hitler was temporarily blind from a mustard gas attack during World War I. Date:The Allied PowersFranklin RooseveltHarry S. TrumanWinston ChurchillJoseph StalinUnited StatesGreat BritainRussiaCharles de GaulleFranceA L L I E D POWERSChiang Kai-shekChinaWorld War II was fought between two major groups of nations. They became known as the Axis and Allied Powers. The major Allied Powers were Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. The Allies formed mostly as a defense against the attacks of the Axis Powers. The original members of the Allies included Great Britain, France and Poland. When Germany invaded Poland, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. Russia becomes and Ally At the start of World War II, Russia and Germany were friends. However, on 22 June 1941 Hitler, the leader of Germany, ordered a surprise attack on Russia. Russia then became an enemy of the Axis Powers and joined the Allies. The US Joins the Allied Powers The United States had hoped to remain neutral during World War II. However, the US was attacked by surprise at Pearl Harbor by the Japanese. This attack united the country against the Axis Powers and turned the tide of World War II in the favor of the Allies.Leaders of the Allied Powers: Great Britain: Winston Churchill - Prime Minister of Great Britain during most of World War II, Winston Churchill was a great leader. His country was the last country fighting against the Germans in Europe. He is known for his famous speeches to his people when the Germans were bombing them during the Battle of Britain. United States: Franklin D. Roosevelt - One of the greatest presidents in the history of the United States, President Roosevelt led the country out of the Great Depression and through World War II. Russia: Joseph Stalin - Stalin's title was General Secretary of the Communist Party. He led Russia through terrible and devastating battles with Germany. Millions and millions of people died. After winning the war, he set up the Eastern Bloc of Soviet led communist states. France: Charles de Gaulle - Leader of the Free French, de Gaulle led the French resistance movement against Germany. Other Allied leaders and generals in the war: Britain: Bernard Montgomery - General of the British Army, "Monty" also led the ground troops during the invasion of Normandy. Neville Chamberlain - Was the Prime Minister prior to Winston Churchill. He wanted peace with Germany. United States: Harry S. Truman - Truman became president after Roosevelt died. He had to make the call to use the atomic bomb against Japan. George Marshall - General of the US Army during World War II, Marshall earned the Nobel Peace Prize for the Marshall Plan after the war. Dwight D Eisenhower - Nicknamed "Ike", Eisenhower led the US Army in Europe. He planned and led the Invasion of the Normandy. Douglas MacArthur - MacArthur was General of the Army in the Pacific fighting the Japanese. George S. Patton, Jr. - Patton was an important general in North Africa and EuropeRussia: Georgy Zhukov - Zhukov was leader of the Russian Red Army. He led the army that pushed the Germans back to Berlin. Vasily Chuikov - Chuikov was the general who led the Russian Army in defending Stalingrad against the fierce German attack. China: Chiang Kai-shek - Leader of the Republic of China, he allied with the Chinese Communist Party to fight the Japanese. After the war he fled from the communists to Taiwan. Mao Zedong - Leader of the Communist Party of China, he allied with Kai-shek in order to fight the Japanese. He gained control of mainland China after the war. Other countries that were part of the Allies: Poland - It was the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 that started World War II.China - China was invaded by Japan in 1937. They became a member of the Allies after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Other countries that were part of the Allied Nations included Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Belgium, and Greece. Interesting Facts Great Britain, Russia, and the United States were sometimes called the Big Three. When China was included they were called the Four Policemen. It was the Four Policemen who founded the United Nations. General Patton's nickname was "Old blood and guts". General MacArthur had the nickname "Dugout Doug". There were 26 countries who signed the original Declaration by United Nations on January 1, 1942. After the war, on 24 October 1945, 51 countries signed the Charter of the United Nations. Winston Churchill once said "a joke is a very serious thing". He also said "A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on". DatePersonality of the Allied PowersHarry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States. Served as President: 1945-1953Vice President: Alben William BarkleyParty: Democrat Age at inauguration: 60 Born: May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri Died: December 26, 1972 in Independence, MissouriWhat is Harry S. Truman most known for? Harry S. Truman became president when Franklin D. Roosevelt died. He is most known for putting an end to World War II in the Pacific by dropping the atomic bomb on Japan. He is also known for the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, and the Korean War. Harry S. Truman's Presidency President Roosevelt died shortly after being elected for his fourth term and Truman became president. World War II was still raging at the time, but things were looking up for the Allies. Just a few months later the Germans surrendered, but President Truman still had to deal with the Japanese. The Atomic Bomb The Japanese had all but been defeated in World War II, except they were refusing to surrender. An invasion of Japan would likely cost hundreds of thousands of American lives. At the same time the United States had just developed a horrible new weapon, the atomic bomb. Truman had to decide whether to invade or use the bomb. In an effort to save the lives of U.S. soldiers he decided to use the bomb. The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945. A few days later they dropped another on Nagasaki. The devastation of these cities was unlike anything ever seen. The Japanese surrendered shortly after. International Issues After World War II there were still many issues that Truman had to deal with. First was the reconstruction of Europe, which was ravaged by the war. He used the Marshall Plan to help European nations rebuild. Another major post-war issue was the Soviet Union and communism. The Soviet Union had become a major power and wanted to spread communism throughout the world. Truman helped to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with Canada and Western Europe. These countries would help to protect each other from the Soviet Union. This also started the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. With the spread of communism, wars began to break out in other areas of the world. Truman sent U.S. troops to Korea to fight in the Korean War. He also sent aid to Vietnam.NOTES:DateAttack on Pearl HarborThe Attack on Pearl Harbor happened on December 7th, 1941. Japanese airplanes made a surprise attack on the US Navy in Pearl Harbor. They destroyed many ships and killed many soldiers. It was this attack that forced the United States to enter World War II.Where is Pearl Harbor? Pearl Harbor is located in Hawaii on the island of O'ahu. Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean between California and Japan. During the time of World War II, Hawaii was not a state, but a US territory. Before the Attack World War II had been raging in Europe and Asia for two years, but the United States had not entered the war. The Empire of Japan was trying to take over much of Asia and was worried about the US Navy in Hawaii. They decided to strike in order to prevent the United States from attacking them. The Japanese thought that if they took out the war ships in Pearl Harbor, then the United States Navy would be crippled and would never attack. However, they were mistaken and the attack on Pearl Harbor had just the opposite result. The US declared war the next day. The Attack The attack on Pearl Harbor came as a complete surprise. Hundreds of Japanese fighter planes and bombers flew to Pearl Harbor and attacked. The bombers dropped bombs and torpedoes on the war ships, while the fighter planes attacked the US fighter planes on the ground so they could not take off and fight back. There were two waves of attacks and by the end of the second wave a number of US ships were destroyed.The Numbers Here are the casualties from both sides during the attack. Although the Japanese inflicted considerable damage to the US Navy, they did not cripple it. They damaged many ships including warships, destroyers, and cruisers. They also destroyed a lot of the fighter planes and aircraft at the base. However, all of the US ships but three (the Arizona, the Utah, and the Oklahoma) were able to be recovered and were used later during the war. The biggest US loss was the sinking of the USS Arizona. Over 1,100 US military personnel died when the Arizona sunk. United StatesJapanPeople Killed2,390Navy2,34164Civilian49People Wounded1,178unknownArmed forces1,143Civilian35ShipsSunk or Beached125Damaged9AircraftDestroyed16429Damaged15974(information in this table from ) After the Attack The citizens of the United States were in shock. They had tried to avoid the war, but they could not ignore this attack. The Japanese had hoped to break the Americans by attacking Pearl Harbor, instead they united them. The next day, December 8th, 1941, the US declared war on Japan. Three days later Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States. The United States was now a major part of World War II. The US Navy was able to recover from the attack on Pearl Harbor fairly quickly. The Japanese had not damaged a number of important facilities on the Hawaiian Islands, including oil storage depots and repair yards. Also, no aircraft carriers were in Pearl Harbor at the time of the attack. Aircraft carriers would soon become the most important type of navy vessels in the war.NOTES:DateD-Day: The Invasion of NormandyOn June 6, 1944 the Allied Forces of Britain, America, Canada, and France attacked German forces on the coast of Normandy, France. With a huge force of over 150,000 soldiers, the Allies attacked and gained a victory that became the turning point for World War II in Europe. This famous battle is sometimes called D-Day or the Invasion of Normandy.Leading up to the Battle Germany had invaded France and was trying to take over all of Europe including Britain. However, Britain and the United States had managed to slow down the expanding German forces. They were now able to turn on the offensive. To prepare for the invasion, the Allies amassed troops and equipment in Britain. They also increased the number of air strikes and bombings in German territory. Right before the invasion, over 1000 bombers a day were hitting German targets. They bombed railroads, bridges, airfields, and other strategic places in order to slow down and hinder the German army. Deception The Germans knew that an invasion was coming. They could tell by all the forces that were gathering in Britain as well as by the additional air strikes. What they didn't know was where the Allies would strike. In order to confuse the Germans, the Allies tried to make it look like they were going to attack north of Normandy at Pas de Calais. The Weather Although the D-Day invasion had been planned for months, it was almost cancelled due to bad weather. General Eisenhower finally agreed to attack despite the overcast skies. Although the weather did have some affect and on the Allies ability to attack, it also caused the Germans to think that no attack was coming. They were less prepared as a result. The Invasion The first wave of the attack began with the paratroopers. These were men who jumped out of planes using parachutes. They jumped at night in the pitch dark and landed behind enemy lines. Their job was to destroy key targets and capture bridges in order for the main invasion force to land on the beach. Thousands of dummies were also dropped in order to draw fire and confuse the enemy. In the next stage of the battle thousands of planes dropped bombs on German defenses. Soon after, warships began to bomb the beaches from the water. While the bombing was going on, underground members of the French Resistance sabotaged the Germans by cutting telephone lines and destroying railroads. Soon the main invasion force of over 6,000 ships carrying troops, weapons, tanks, and equipment approached the beaches of Normandy. Omaha and Utah Beaches American troops landed at Omaha and Utah beaches. The Utah landing was successful, but the fighting at Omaha beach was fierce. Many US soldiers lost their lives at Omaha, but they were finally able to take the beach.After the Battle By the end of D-Day over 150,000 troops had landed in Normandy. They pushed their way inland allowing more troops to land over the next several days. By June 17th over half a million Allied troops had arrived and they began to push the Germans out of France. The Generals The Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces was Dwight D. Eisenhower of the United States. Other Allied generals included Omar Bradley from the United States as well as Bernard Montgomery and Trafford Leigh-Mallory from Britain. The Germans were led by Erwin Rommel and Gerd von Rundstedt. Interesting Facts about D-Day The troops needed the light of a full moon to see to attack. For this reason there were only a few days during a month when the Allies could attack. This led Eisenhower to go ahead with the invasion despite the bad weather. The Allies wanted to attack during high tide as this helped the ships to avoid obstacles put in the water by the Germans. Although June 6 is often called D-Day, D-Day is also a generic military term that stands for the day, D, of any major attack. The overall military operation was called "Operation Overlord". The actual landings at Normandy were called "Operation Neptune". NOTESDateBattle of Iwo JimaThe Battle of Iwo Jima took place during World War II between the United States and Japan. It was the first major battle of World War II to take place on Japanese homeland. The island of Iwo Jima was a strategic location because the US needed a place for fighter planes and bombers to land and take off when attacking Japan.Where is Iwo Jima? Iwo Jima is a small island located 750 miles south of Tokyo, Japan. The island is only 8 square miles in size. It is mostly flat except for a mountain, called Mount Suribachi, located on the southern end of the island. When was the battle? The Battle of Iwo Jima took place near the end of World War II. US Marines first landed on the island on February 19, 1945. The generals who planned the attack had thought that it would take around a week to take the island. They were wrong. The Japanese had many surprises for the US soldiers and it took over a month (36 days) of furious fighting for the US to finally capture the island. The Battle On the first day of the battle 30,000 US marines landed on the shores of Iwo Jima. The first soldiers that landed weren't attacked by the Japanese. They thought that the bombings from US planes and battleships may have killed the Japanese. They were wrong.The Japanese had dug all sorts of tunnels and hiding places all over the island. They were waiting quietly for more marines to get on shore. Once a number of marines were on shore they attacked. Many US soldiers were killed. The battle went on for days. The Japanese would move from area to area in their secret tunnels. Sometimes the US soldiers would kill the Japanese in a bunker. They would move on thinking it was safe. However, more Japanese would sneak into the bunker through a tunnel and then attack from behind.Raising the Flag of the United States After 36 days of brutal fighting, the US had finally secured the island of Iwo Jima. They placed a flag on top of Mount Suribachi. When they raised the flag a picture was taken by photographer Joe Rosenthal. This picture became famous in the United States. Later a statue was made of the picture. It became the US Marine Corps Memorial located just outside Washington, DC.Interesting Facts The famous picture of the US Flag being raised on Iwo Jima was actually not the first flag raised by the US. Another smaller flag pole had been put there earlier. Although the US had more soldiers wounded on Iwo Jima than the Japanese, the Japanese had many more deaths. This was because the Japanese had decided to fight to the death. Out of 18,000 Japanese soldiers only 216 were taken prisoner. The rest died in the battle. Around 6,800 American soldiers died in the battle. The US government awarded 27 soldiers with the Medal of Honor for their bravery during the battle. There were six men in the famous picture showing the US flag being raised. Three were killed later in the battle. The other three became famous celebrities in the US. The Japanese dug 11 miles of tunnels within the island of Iwo Jima. NOTES:DateThe War in EuropeWorld War II in Europe began when Hitler's Nazi Germany attacked Poland. Germany had allies such as Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania. These European countries were part of the Axis Powers. The countries that fought against Germany and the Axis Powers in Europe were called the Allied Powers. The main Allied Powers in Europe were Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and France. Later the United States would help in defeating Hitler.Leading up to War When Germany lost World War I they were forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles. This treaty not only took land from Germany, but required that they pay huge amounts of money in reparations to countries they had fought. As a result, the German economy did very poorly. The citizens of Germany were not only humiliated that they had lost World War I, but they were also poor and struggling. It was during this time that Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came into power. Hitler promised he would bring Germany back to power. Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany in 1933. Soon he had made himself dictator. Hitler said the country needed more land or "living space". First Hitler took over the country of Austria. Next, he took part of Czechoslovakia. The other European countries didn't want war, so they didn't do anything. Finally, when Germany invaded Poland in 1939, the other countries knew he would not stop. France and Great Britain declared war on Germany and World War II had begun.The War Prior to invading Poland, Germany had made a deal with the Soviet Union. After Poland was defeated, the country was divided up between Germany and the Soviet Union. Even though France and Great Britain declared war on Germany in 1939, there wasn't a lot of fighting at first. It was in April of 1940 when Germany went on the attack again. On April 9, 1940 Germany invaded Norway and Denmark. Soon after that, they invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. On June 22, 1940 Germany signed an agreement that gave them control of the Northern half of France. Up until this point in the war, the Soviet Union had been allied with Germany. However, on April 6, 1941 Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Now the Soviet Union was on the side of the Allies. The United States Enters the War The United States had stayed neutral during the war. They tried to help out the Allies, but did not want to enter the fighting. However, on December 7, 1941 Japan attacked the US at Pearl Harbor. The US became a major power within the Allies Alliance. Three Fronts By 1941 Germany had control over much of mainland Europe. They had tried to take over Great Britain in 1940 with the Battle of Britain, but failed. Germany's army was stretched thin and was fighting on three fronts: Eastern or Russian Front Mediterranean Front and Africa Western Front (France and Great Britain) The Allies Start to Fight Back In 1942 and 1943 the Allies began to fight back. The British Air Force began to bomb Germany, taking the war to German soil. The Allies also took control of northern Africa and then launched an attack on Italy forcing southern Italy to surrender. At the same time, the Russians defeated the German army on the Eastern Front and started to push them back towards Germany. End of World War II in Europe On June 6, 1944 the Allies attacked the Germans on the Western Front. This day is often called D-Day or the Invasion of Normandy. The Allies defeated the Germans and pushed them out of France. Germany then counterattacked and a great battle, called the Battled of the Bulge, was fought. Hundreds of thousands of US troops held the Germans back and the German army was finally defeated. On May 7, 1945 Germany surrendered to the Western Allies. The next day the Allies celebrated victory. May 8th is called V-E day or "Victory in Europe" day. Interesting Facts After World War II, Germany was split in half; the western half was controlled by the Western Allies and the eastern half by the Soviet Union. Adolf Hitler committed suicide in a bunker on April 30, 1945 when he realized that Germany would lose the war. Around 200,000 US soldiers lost their lives in battle in World War II in Europe. United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower was Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. At one point he was in charge of over 5 million soldiers. The war in the Eastern Front was called the Great Patriotic War by the people in the Soviet Union. NOTES:Date The War in the PacificThere were two major places where World War II took place. These places are sometimes called theaters of war. One theater of World War II was in Europe, the other was in the Pacific. The Pacific theater of war included Japan, China, Korea, the Philippines, and many more islands and countries in Southeast Asia.Leading up to the War Japan wanted to become a strong country and a world leader. However, because Japan was a small island country, they had to import many natural resources. Some Japanese leaders felt they needed to gain more land by conquering other countries. In 1937 Japan invaded China. They wanted to dominate all of Southeast Asia. They joined the Axis alliance with Germany and Italy in 1940 by signing the Tripartite Pact. In 1941 a former General of the Army, Hideki Tojo, became Prime Minister of Japan. He had been a strong supporter of Japan joining the Axis Powers. Now that he was Prime Minister, Tojo wanted Japan to attack the United States. Pearl Harbor Although the US was trying to avoid getting involved in World War II, Japan was worried that the US would try and stop them from taking over some countries in Southeast Asia. They decided to attack the US Navy hoping they could sink enough ships to keep the US from ever attacking Japan. On December 7, 1941 Japan attacked the US Navy at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. They surprised the US and sunk many ships. However, this attack did not have the effect the Japanese had hoped. The US joined the Allies in World War II the next day. The attack at Pearl Harbor united the Americans with the goal of defeating the Axis powers, and especially Japan. The War The Japanese quickly took over much of Southeast Asia and were well on their way to dominance by 1942. However, the US won a critical battle called the Battle of Midway on June 4, 1942. Badly outnumbered, the US Navy sunk four Japanese aircraft carriers and forced the Japanese to retreat. Winning this battle gave the Americans cause for hope and was a turning point in the war in the Pacific.After the Battle of Midway the United States began to fight back against the Japanese. They fought to take over strategic islands in the Pacific. One of the first major battles was over the island of Guadalcanal. After fierce fighting the US was able to take the island, but they learned that fighting the Japanese was not going to be easy. There were many battles over islands in the South Pacific, these included Tarawa, Saipan, and Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima took 36 days of fighting to take the island. Today a statue of marines raising a flag on the island of Iwo Jima serves as the Marine Corps Memorial in Washington DC. The Atomic Bomb Finally in 1945 the Japanese army had been pushed back to Japan. However, the Japanese would not surrender. American leaders felt that the only way to get Japan to surrender would be to invade the main island of Japan. However, they feared this would cost the lives of up to 1 million US soldiers. Instead of invading, President Harry S. Truman decided to use a new weapon called the atomic bomb. The first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945. It completely destroyed the city and killed thousands and thousands of people. Japan did not surrender. Another atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. This time the Japanese decided to surrender. Japan Surrenders On August 15, 1945 Japanese Emperor Hirohito announced that Japan would surrender. Later on September 2, 1945 the Japanese signed a surrender treaty with US General Douglas MacArthur aboard the battleship USS Missouri. This day was called V-J Day which means Victory in Japan.Other Facts about World War II in the Pacific In order to attack Japan, Air Force Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle demonstrated that large B-25 bomber planes could take off from air craft carriers. Japanese fighter pilots would purposely crash their planes into US ships in what were called Kamikaze attacks. The Soviet Union had been at peace with Japan during much of World War II. They agreed to attack Japanese forces in Manchuria on August 8, 1945. This also helped in forcing Japan to surrender. The Japanese were guilty of many war crimes during World War II. This includes the killing of up to 20 million Chinese people. They had a policy called "Kill All, Burn All, and Loot All". They used biological weapons and tortured prisoners of war. As a result, many Japanese leaders were executed after the war including Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. NOTES:DateThe HolocaustWhat was it? The Holocaust is one of the most terrible events in human history. It occurred during World War II when Hitler was leader of Germany. Six million Jewish people were murdered by the Nazis. This included as many as 1 million Jewish children. Millions of other people that Hitler didn't like were killed as well. This included Polish people, Catholics, Serbs, and handicapped people. It is thought that the Nazis murdered as many as 17 million innocent people.Why did Hitler and the Nazis do it? Hitler hated Jewish people and blamed them for Germany losing World War I. He considered Jewish people to be less than human. Hitler also believed in the superiority of the Aryan race. He wanted to use Darwinism and breeding to create a race of perfect people. Hitler wrote in his book Mein Kampf that when he became ruler he would rid Germany of all the Jews. Not many people believed he would really do this, but as soon as he became Chancellor he started his work against the Jews. He made laws that said Jews had no rights. Then he organized attacks on Jewish businesses and homes. On November 9, 1938 many Jewish homes and businesses were burnt down or vandalized. This night was called the Kristallnacht or "Night of Broken Glass". Ghettos During World War II when the Nazis would take over a city in Europe they would force all of the Jewish people into one area of town. This area was called a ghetto and was fenced in with barbed wire and guarded. There was little food, water, or medicine available. It was also very crowded with multiple families sometimes sharing a single room to live in. Concentration Camps All Jewish people were eventually to be brought to concentration camps. They were told they were relocating to a new and better place, but this was not the case. Concentration camps were like prison camps. People were forced to do hard labor. The weak were quickly killed or died of starvation. Some camps even had gas chambers. People would be led into the chambers in large groups only to be killed with poison gas. The concentration camps were horrible places. Hiding Many Jewish people hid from the Nazis during World War II. They would hide with non-Jewish families. Sometimes they would pretend to be a part of the family and sometimes they would hide in hidden rooms or in a basement or attic. Some were able to eventually escape across the border into a free country, but many hid for years sometimes in the same room.NOTES:DateThe U.S. Home FrontEven though the fighting in World War II was all the way across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the war changed the lives of everyone in America. The war effort in the United State was often called the home frontRationing Because of the war, many products were in short supply. Metal had to be used to make tanks and battle ships. Medicine was needed for the battlefields. Also, some products were hard to get as they came from countries that were at war. Rubber for tires was especially difficult to get because much of it was imported from Southeast Asia. By the end of the war, many products were rationed. Each family would get ration stamps allowing them to buy a certain amount of a type of product. Products rationed included tires, automobiles, sugar, gasoline, meat, butter, and coal.Women go to work When World War II began in 1939 there were around 190,000 men in the US Army. By the time the war ended in 1945, there were over 10 million. On top of this, factories in the US were at full capacity making arms, tanks, ships, and vehicles for the war. There was a shortage of workers.To fill the gap and help build supplies for the war, many women went to work. They took on tough physical labor jobs that previously had been done mostly by men. Women who went to work in factories were nicknamed Rosie the Riveter. They played a major role in keeping the factories running smoothly and producing much needed planes, tanks, and other arms for the war.Japanese Americans At the time of the war there were many citizens of the United States of Japanese descent. After Pearl Harbor, many people didn't trust them and were worried that they would help Japan to invade America. In 1942 President Roosevelt signed a bill that ordered Japanese Americans to go to internment camps. These camps were almost like prisons. They were guarded by soldiers and surrounded by barbed wire. Around 110,000 Japanese Americans were forced into the internment camps. They had to leave their homes, shops, and jobs. Many lost their homes and most of their possessions. In 1988 President Ronald Reagan signed a bill that gave reparations of $20,000 to the survivors. In 1989 President George H.W. Bush gave a formal apology. Entertainment and Propaganda The US government knew that Americans must stay united in the war effort in order to win the war. They created all sorts of posters that showed patriotism and ways that people could help with the war effort from home. There were also lots of wartime movies showing how brave the soldiers were and how evil Hitler and the enemy was. All movie scripts had to be approved by the government. Many celebrities fought in the war. Baseball players such as Joe DiMaggio and Ted Williams enlisted and fought. Also movie stars such as Jimmy Stewart and Clark Gable joined the army. At one point the commissioner of Major League Baseball wrote a letter to President Roosevelt asking if professional baseball should continue during the war. Roosevelt responded that they should keep playing baseball because it was good for the country's moral.Interesting Facts Factories in the United States built over 80,000 tanks, 300,000 military planes, 2 million trucks, and millions of rifles and machine guns. The Allied countries produced significantly more military weapons, vehicles, and aircraft than the Axis countries. The United States supplied its Allies with as much as half of their military weapons and arms. This was a boon to the US economy and helped bring an end to the Great Depression.The Tuskegee AirmenAfrican Americans have played a significant role in U.S. military history over the past 300 years. They were denied military leadership roles and skilled training because many believed they lacked qualifications for combat duty. Before 1940, African Americans were barred from flying for the U.S. military. Civil rights organizations and the black press exerted pressure that resulted in the formation of an all African-American pursuit squadron based in Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1941. They became known as the Tuskegee Airmen.Tuskegee Airmen" refers to all who were involved in the so-called "Tuskegee Experiment," the Army Air Corps program to train African Americans to fly and maintain combat aircraft. The Tuskegee Airmen included pilots, navigators, bombardiers, maintenance and support staff, instructors, and all the personnel who kept the planes in the air.The military selected Tuskegee Institute to train pilots because of its commitment to aeronautical training. Tuskegee had the facilities, and engineering and technical instructors, as well as a climate for year round flying. The first Civilian Pilot Training Program students completed their instruction in May 1940. The Tuskegee program was then expanded and became the center for African-American aviation during World War II.The Tuskegee Airmen overcame segregation and prejudice to become one of the most highly respected fighter groups of World War II. They proved conclusively that African Americans could fly and maintain sophisticated combat aircraft. The Tuskegee Airmen's achievements, together with the men and women who supported them, paved the way for full integration of the U.S. military.NOTES:DateUS Women of WW 2Women played an important role for the United States in World War II. Although they did not enter combat as soldiers, many women helped by serving in the armed forces. They also helped to keep the country together at the home front. Women worked in factories producing ships, tanks, munitions and other much needed products for the war effortWomen in the Armed Forces Many women served in the armed forces during the war. Some served as nurses in the Army Nurse corps. This could be a dangerous job as some nurses worked in hospitals that were close to the war front. They served in a variety of areas including field hospitals, ship hospitals, medical transport planes, and evacuation hospitals. Many soldier's lives were saved by these brave nurses. Women also served in the Women's Army Corps or WAC. This was a branch of the armed forces started up in 1942. Women served in non-combat areas such as mechanics repairing vehicles, army post offices sorting mail, and working in communications and warning systems. There were 150,000 women in the WAC by the end of the war. They served throughout the military, even landing in Normandy only a few weeks after D-Day.At first many men did not want women in the armed forces. It was Eleanor Roosevelt and General George Marshall who eventually got the WAC approved. Later, women troops were such good soldiers that some leaders suggested that women should be drafted. Women's Air Force Service Pilots Women also served as pilots as Women's Air Force Service Pilots or WASPs. These were women who already had pilot's licenses. They flew military planes between army bases and flew cargo planes carrying supplies. This freed up men pilots for combat missions.Rosie the Riveter Perhaps one of the largest contributions of women during World War II was keeping our factories running. With 10 million men in the army, many women were needed to run the country's factories. They produced much needed planes, tanks, warships, guns, and other munitions for the war. In order to inspire women to work in the factories, the US government came up with the "Rosie the Riveter" campaign. Displayed on posters and magazines, Rosie the Riveter was a character that portrayed a strong patriotic woman who worked in the factories to help the country. There was even a popular song called "Rosie the Riveter". The campaign was successful as hundreds of thousands of women entered the work force taking on jobs that had been previously done by men.Notes:DateThe Atomic BombAt the start of World War II in 1939 the atomic bomb had not yet been invented. However, scientists discovered about that time that a powerful explosion might be possible by splitting an atom. This type of bomb could destroy large cities in a single blast and would change warfare forever.Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was the name for the research and development program for the atomic bomb. It started small, but as the bomb became more real, the United States added scientists and funding to be sure they were the first to have the bomb. Ironically, many of the scientists involved in making the bomb had defected from Germany. By the end of the project, funding had reached $2 billion and there were around 200,000 people working on the project. The First Atomic Bomb On July 16, 1945 the first atomic bomb was exploded in the New Mexico desert. The explosion was massive and the equivalent to 18,000 tons of TNT. Scientists figured that the temperature at the center of the explosion was three times hotter than at the center of the sun. Although the scientists were happy they had successfully made the bomb, they also were sad and fearful. This bomb would change the world and could cause mass destruction and death. When President Harry Truman heard of the bomb's success he wrote "We have discovered the most terrible bomb in the history of the world". Deciding to Drop the Bomb By the time the first atomic bomb had been made, Germany had already surrendered and World War II in Europe was over. Japan was defeated as well, but would not surrender. The US was contemplating an invasion of Japan. Army leaders figured that anywhere from 500,000 to 1 million US and Allied soldiers would die in an invasion. President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb instead. Hiroshima On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb named Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. The explosion was huge, the city was destroyed, and tens of thousands of people were killed. The bomb was dropped by a plane named the Enola Gay which was piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbetts. The bomb itself was over 10 feet long and weighed around 10,000 pounds. A small parachute was on the bomb in order to slow its drop and allow the plane time to fly away from the blast zone.Nagasaki Despite witnessing the terrible destruction of the bomb on Hiroshima, Emperor Hirohito and Japan still refused to surrender. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, another atomic bomb, nicknamed Fat Man, was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Again the devastation was horrible. Surrender Six days after the bombing of Nagasaki, Emperor Hirohito and Japan surrendered to US forces. The Emperor announced this on the radio. It was the first time most Japanese had heard his voice.NOTES:DateAfter the WarMany things changed once World War II was over. Much of Europe and Eastern Asia had been destroyed by the fighting and bombings that had taken place over many years. Also, many country's borders needed to be set and governments re-established where Germany or Japan had taken over.Europe Germany had occupied much of Europe during World War II. Many of the countries in the west returned to the same governments and borders they had prior to the war. However, Germany was divided up into Eastern and Western Germany. The Eastern part was controlled by the USSR (Russia) and the Western part by the Allies. The USSR also took control of many of the countries in Eastern Europe where they had fought the Germans. These included Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. Europe was in much need of financial aid due to all the roads, bridges, buildings and more that had been destroyed in the fighting. The United States offered Aid in the form of the Marshall Plan to help Europe recover. Japan and Eastern Asia The US and the Allies occupied Japan. They maintained control as Japan recovered from the war. Japan would become an independent nation again in 1952. In Korea, the Allies and the USSR (Russia) divided up the country into North and South Korea. The plan was for Russia to control the North and the Allies the South until a free election could be held for the entire country. This never happened as Russia later refused and the country is still split to this day with North Korea controlled by communists. In China, a civil war continued that had started prior to World War II. It was between the communists and the nationalists. The communists won and the nationalists fled to Taiwan.United Nations The Allies formed the United Nations in order to try and prevent World War III from happening. The United Nations was formed on October 24, 1945. There were 51 original member nations including 5 permanent Security Council members: China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The Cold War Begins Europe became divided into the Eastern Bloc of nations and the West. The Eastern Bloc was led and controlled by the Soviet Union (Russia). These countries were run by communist governments and had their own alliance called the Warsaw Pact. The Western countries, including the United States, formed an alliance against communism called NATO. These two alliances, NATO and the Warsaw Pact, would take part in an arms race war called the Cold War. The Cold War never escalated into full war due to the fear of what would happen to the world if many countries started dropping atomic bombs. The Cold War would last for the next 45 years.NOTESWriting Activities for Unit 7Paragraph Format for Unit 7 Writing ActivitiesIntroduction sentenceSupporting detail oneSupporting detail twoSupporting detail threeConclusion sentenceWriting Assignment 7-1Write a paragraph to describe Germany’s aggression in Europe and a paragraph to describe Japan’s aggression in Asia. Writing Assignment 7-2Describe the major events of World War II by writing a paragraph on each event:Pearl HarborIwo JimaD-DayVE DayVY DayHolocaustWriting Assignment 7-2Writing Assignment 7-3Discuss the decision of President Harry S. Truman to drop an atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by writing a three paragraph essay.Writing Assignment 7-3Writing Assignment 7-4Describe the impact of women and the role they played on the home front during World War II, in a three paragraph essay.Writing Assignment 7-4Writing Assignment 7-5Write a paragraph to discuss the contribution of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II.Review:1. Which nation below was NOT a member of the Allied Powers? a. Great Britainb. Francec. Polandd. Germanye. United States2. What was the group of nations called that were fighting against the Allies? a. The Nazisb. The Axis Powersc. The European Allianced. The Northern Powerse. The Big Three3. Who was the leader of Great Britain through much of World War II? a. Margaret Thatcherb. Joseph Stalinc. Neville Chamberlaind. Charles de Gaullee. Winston Churchill4. What member of the Big Three Allies began the war on the side of Germany? a. Russiab. United Statesc. Franced. Chinae. Great Britain5. Who was the leader of Russia during World War II? a. Winston Churchillb. Vladimir Putinc. Joseph Stalind. Mikhail Gorbacheve. Vladimir Lenin6. In what country did Charles de Gaulle lead a freedom fighting force after it was taken over by the Germans? a. Denmarkb. Francec. Italyd. Belgiume. Poland7. What Allied leader made the decision to drop the atomic bomb? a. Dwight D. Eisenhowerb. Harry S. Trumanc. Douglas MacArthurd. Franklin D. Roosevelte. George Marshall8. True or False: The Republic of China and the Communist Party of China joined together to fight against the Japanese during the war. a. TRUEb. FALSE9. What United States general led the army in the Pacific and the fighting against Japan? a. Dwight D. Eisenhowerb. George S. Pattonc. George Marshalld. Douglas MacArthure. Bernard Montgomery10. What Allied Power was invaded by Germany to start World War II? a. Austriab. Francec. Polandd. Denmarke. Great Britain11. Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the Axis Powers? a. Germanyb. Japanc. Italyd. Francee. Hungary12. Who was the dictator of Italy that installed a fascist regime? a. Adolf Hitlerb. Benito Mussolinic. Joseph Stalind. Ugo Cavalleroe. Emperor Hirohito13. Of the major Axis Powers, which leader remained in power for many years after the war? a. Hideki Tojob. Yamamotoc. Adolf Hitlerd. Benito Mussolinie. Emperor Hirohito14. What title did Adolf Hitler take in 1934 that meant leader? a. Dictatorb. Kingc. Fuhrerd. Emperore. Minister15. What was the job of German leader Heinrich Himmler in the government? a. He was in charge of the concentration campsb. He was in charge of the Gestapo policec. He was second in command after Adolf Hitlerd. All of the abovee. None of the above16. Which of the major Axis Powers was the first to surrender to the Allies? a. Italyb. Germanyc. Japand. They all surrendered togethere. None of the above17. What was the document that all three Axis powers signed in 1940? It was later signed by Hungary. a. The Pact of Bloodb. The Axis of Evilc. The Axis Agreementd. The Pact of Steele. The Tripartite Pact18. True or False: The Axis Powers at one point ruled much of Europe, Southeast Asia, and North Africa. a. TRUEb. FALSE19. What Scandinavian country did not sign the Tripartite Pact, but did fight with the Axis powers against Russia? a. Denmarkb. Finlandc. Icelandd. Swedene. Norway20. What brilliant German general commanded the German army during the Invasion of Normandy? a. Erwin Rommelb. Hermann Goringc. Heinrich Himmlerd. Walter Modele. Erich Raeder21. What country did Hitler take over first in his effort to gain more living space? a. Denmarkb. Austriac. Franced. Russiae. Hungary22. What two countries declared war on Germany when the German army invaded Poland? a. The United States and Franceb. The Soviet Union and Chinac. Great Britain and Denmarkd. France and Great Britaine. Greece and Spain23. What country made a deal with Germany to divide up Poland? a. The Soviet Unionb. Francec. Italyd. Japane. Hungary24. Why did the United States enter World War II to help Great Britain and the Soviet Union? a. Because they were eager to join in the warb. Because they were good friends with the communist Soviet Unionc. Because Japan, an ally of Germany, attacked the US at Pearl Harbord. All of the abovee. None of the above25. Who were the Germans fighting on the Eastern Front? a. Franceb. The United Statesc. Great Britaind. The Soviet Unione. Finland26. What was the name of the battle where the Allies attacked the western front on the coast of France on June 6, 1944? a. Invasion of Normandyb. Battle of Iwo Jimac. Battle of the Bulged. Battle of Britaine. Liberation of Paris27. Why did the Soviet Union change sides and end up fighting for the Allies? a. Because they wanted to help Franceb. Because Germany invaded the Soviet Unionc. Because they liked the United Statesd. All of the abovee. None of the above28. What happened to Germany after World War II? a. It was left alone to be rebuildb. It was wiped off the map and the land given to other countriesc. It was split between the western Allies and the Soviet Uniond. It was forced to sign the Treaty of Versaillese. It voted to become communist and the entire country joined the Soviet Union29. What was the last great battle on the western front in Europe? a. Battle of Britainb. Invasion of Normandyc. Battle of Iwo Jimad. Battle of Stalingrade. Battle of the Bulge30. What United States general was Supreme Commander over the Allied forces in Europe? a. George Marshallb. Dwight D. Eisenhowerc. Douglas MacArthurd. Omar Bradleye. George S. Patton31. What country was the main Axis power in the Pacific theater of World War II? a. Soviet Unionb. Chinac. Japand. United Statese. Australia32. What Prime Minister of Japan pushed for Japan to attack the United States? a. Hirohitob. Hideki Tojoc. Osami Naganod. Yamamotoe. Fumimaro Konoe33. What day did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? a. 2-Sep-39b. 31-Oct-40c. 17-May-41d. 7-Dec-41e. 4-Jul-4234. True or False: Japan achieved their main goal in attacking Pearl Harbor when the United States entered World War II on side of the Allied Powers. a. TRUEb. FALSE35. What did the United States victory at the Battle of Midway do for the Americans in the war? a. It weakened the Japanese by sinking four aircraft carriersb. It gave the Americans cause for hopec. It was a turning point in the ward. All of the abovee. None of the above36. The picture of marines raising a flag that was used for the Marine Corps Memorial was taken on what island? a. Guadalcanalb. Honshuc. Shikokud. Mikurae. Iwo Jima37. When the Japanese forces withdrew to mainland Japan, what did the United States decide to do? a. Invade Japan even though it would likely cost the lives of 1 million soldiersb. Leave Japan alone and enact economic sanctionsc. Drop the atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshimad. Leave the invasion of Japan up to the Chinesee. Put a permanent blockade around the country of Japan38. What US general accepted the surrender of the Japanese forces? a. Douglas MacArthurb. Dwight D. Eisenhowerc. Omar Bradleyd. George Marshalle. George S. Patton39. What were Kamikaze attacks? a. A very fast attack with overwhelming forcesb. An attack using combined navy and air force unitsc. When the US forces would land on the shore of an islandd. When Japanese planes would purposely crash into US shipse. A surprise attack from a soldier hidden in a hole in the ground40. Why did the Japanese want to take over other countries? a. Because they were worried that the other countries would attack themb. Because they felt they needed the natural resources to become a major world powerc. Because the other countries attacked them firstd. All of the abovee. None of the above41. What day was Pearl Harbor attacked by the Japanese? a. 1-Sep-39b. 7-Dec-41c. 4-Jun-42d. 3-Sep-43e. 6-Jun-4442. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? a. Because they wanted to prevent the US from attacking Japanb. Because they wanted to continue to take over countries in Southeast Asiac. Because they wanted to cripple the US Navyd. All of the abovee. None of the above43. What was the reaction of the United States to the attack? a. They fled back to the US coast and let Japan have Southeast Asiab. They asked Great Britain for helpc. They let Japan have the islands of Hawaiid. They waited several months to see what would happen nexte. They declared war on Japan the next day44. What important type of naval vessel was not destroyed in the attack? a. Warshipsb. Destroyersc. Aircraft carriersd. Cruiserse. None of the above45. About how long did the attack on Pearl Harbor last? a. 10 minutesb. 30 minutesc. Two hoursd. 6 hourse. 2 days46. When this ship was sunk at Pearl Harbor, over one thousand US soldiers lost their lives. a. USS Arizonab. USS Utahc. USS Oklahomad. USS Chicagoe. USS Cooper47. What day of the week did the Japanese attack? a. Saturdayb. Sundayc. Tuesdayd. Thursdaye. Friday48. True or False: The Japanese achieved their objective of crippling the US Navy and keeping the US from helping other countries in Southeast Asia. a. TRUEb. FALSE49. What facilities in Hawaii did the Japanese not attack that allowed the US Navy to recover quickly? a. Storage depotsb. Repair facilitiesc. Both of the aboved. None of the abovee. They destroyed everything50. What is the name of the memorial of the attack? a. World War II Memorialb. Hawaiian Island Memorialc. USS Oklahoma Memoriald. Pearl Harbor Memoriale. USS Arizona Memorial51. What is another name for the Invasion of Normandy? a. Battle of Franceb. Battle of the Bulgec. D-Dayd. V-E Daye. Invasion of France52. Who was the main commander of the Allied Forces for the invasion? a. Erwin Rommelb. Dwight D. Eisenhowerc. George S. Pattond. Bernard Montgomerye. Douglas MacArthur53. What group of soldiers led the first wave of invaders? a. The generalsb. The submarinersc. The Calvaryd. The paratrooperse. The medics54. What country were the Allied Forces trying to free from the Germans with the Invasion of Normandy? a. Soviet Unionb. Italyc. Greeced. Great Britaine. France55. On what two beaches did the American troops land at? a. Gold and Junob. Sword and Utahc. Omaha and Utahd. Pointe du Hoc and Omahae. Juno and Sword56. Which beach was it where the fighting was fierce and the Americans lost many lives? a. Omahab. Goldc. Utahd. Junoe. Sword57. Who was the leader of the German forces during the Invasion of Normandy? a. Dwight D. Eisenhowerb. Erwin Rommelc. Adolf Hitlerd. Trafford Leigh-Mallorye. Omar Bradley58. What was the military name for the overall plans for invasion? a. Operation Sea Lionb. Operation Grey Skyc. Operation Beach Landingd. Operation Overlorde. Operation Free France59. True or False: The invasion was nearly cancelled due to bad weather. a. TRUEb. FALSE60. How many Allied troops landed on the first day of the invasion? a. 8,000b. 15,000c. 60,000d. 90,000e. 150,00061. What two countries fought in the Battle of Iwo Jima? a. Germany and the Soviet Unionb. Italy and the United Statesc. Great Britain and Japand. Japan and the United Statese. France and Germany62. What is Iwo Jima? a. A river on the south side of Japanb. A mountain on the coast of Chinac. A small island south of Japand. A city in the South Pacifice. A large island just north of Japan63. How long did the US generals think it would take to win the Battle of Iwo Jima? a. One dayb. One weekc. Two weeksd. One monthe. Two months64. How long did it actually take for the US to capture Iwo Jima? a. Two daysb. One weekc. Just over one monthd. Two monthse. Three months65. What happened when the first marines landed on the shore of Iwo Jima? a. They were not attacked and thought the Japanese were deadb. They were met with a fierce attackc. The Japanese came out to fight in forced. All of the abovee. None of the above66. How did the Japanese use the many tunnels they had dug around the island? a. To keep safe from bombingsb. To sneak up behind US soldiersc. To move around the islandd. All of the abovee. None of the above67. What photographer took the famous picture of the marines raising the flag at Iwo Jima? a. Eddie Adamsb. Walker Evansc. Robert Capad. Ansel Adamse. Joe Rosenthal68. True or False: Most of the Japanese soldiers were taken prisoner after they surrendered. a. TRUEb. FALSE69. How many US soldiers died in the battle? a. 27b. 190c. 1,200d. 6,800e. 18,90070. The Japanese had prepared for a mighty battle. If you put all the tunnels they had dug into the island together, how long would they be? a. 100 yardsb. One milec. Two milesd. Four milese. Eleven miles71. What did ration stamps do? a. Let you send items to soldiers at warb. Allowed people to buy only a limited amount of a productc. Force people to buy certain productsd. Soldiers used them to get ammunitione. Generals gave them to soldiers as a reward for bravery72. What was rationed in the United States during World War II? a. Butter and sugarb. Cars and gasolinec. Coal and meatd. All of the abovee. None of the above73. How many American men were members of the armed forces by the time World War II was over in 1945? a. 150,000b. 500,000c. One milliond. Three millione. Ten Million74. What important role did women play in the US home front? a. They stayed at homeb. They baked goods that were sent to the frontc. They worked in the factories making weapons and ammod. They taught the young boys how to fight and shoot a gune. They did not play an important role75. What was the nickname for women who went to work in factories? a. Rosie the Riveterb. Cathy the Carpenterc. Amy the Ammo Makerd. Harriet the Hammerere. Wendy the Welder76. Where were many Japanese Americans sent after the attack on Pearl Harbor? a. Home to Japanb. Iwo Jimac. Japanese reservationsd. Internment campse. Prison77. Around how many war planes were made in the United States during World War II? a. 2,000b. 10,000c. 300,000d. 1 millione. 2 million78. True or False: Many famous celebrities such as movie stars and professional baseball players joined the US armed forces during the war. a. TRUEb. FALSE79. What US President offered an official apology to Japanese Americans for the way they were treated during World War II? a. Franklin D. Rooseveltb. John F. Kennedyc. Jimmy Carterd. George H. W. Bushe. Bill Clinton80. How did the United States government try to keep moral up at home during the war? a. With posters showing patriotismb. With movies about heroic soldiersc. With posters showing how people could help the war effortd. With movies about how evil Hitler wase. All of the above81. Which of the following was NOT an area where women served in the US armed forces? a. Nurses in army hospitals close to the fighting at the war frontb. Communication operators and warning analystsc. Repair mechanics for various vehiclesd. Fighter pilots running bombing raids in Germanye. Pilots of cargo planes82. What did Rosie the Riveter inspire many women to do? a. Join the army and fightb. Become nurses that helped near the fightingc. Take on tough factory jobs in the USAd. Become spies for the Allies in Europee. Write love letters to their husbands at war83. What did WASP stand for in the army? a. Women Air Force Service Pilotsb. Women Association of Standard Professionalsc. Women Attack Squadron Pilotsd. Women Army Submarine Personnele. Women About Standing Patiently84. What two people were influential in getting women into the military? a. Franklin and Eleanor Rooseveltb. Eleanor Roosevelt and General Marshallc. President Roosevelt and General MacArthurd. General Eisenhower and Queen Elizabethe. Rosie the Riveter and Eleanor Roosevelt85. About how many women were a part of the armed forces by the end of World War II? a. 1,000b. 5,000c. 25,000d. 75,000e. 150,00086. What was the name used by women who tried to demoralize the US soldiers in the Pacific, telling them on the radio that they could not win the war? a. Wartime Sallyb. Osaka Flowerc. Kyoto Lilyd. Tokyo Rosee. Judy Japan87. What was Eva Braun famous for? a. Flying fighter missions for the Britishb. Helping Jewish people to hide in Nazi Germanyc. Being the mistress of Adolf Hitlerd. Being a sharpshooter for the Soviet armye. She was a German spy in France88. Which of the following was NOT something that Eleanor Roosevelt was famous for? a. Supporting the Troopsb. Helping to get the WAC approvedc. Pushing for the Japanese American internment campsd. Helped to boost moral on the US home fronte. Supporting Civil Rights89. Who bravely stayed in London despite having the opportunity to go to a safer place? a. Eleanor Rooseveltb. Queen Elizabethc. Anne Frankd. Sophie Scholle. Eva Braun90. True or False: Women played a large role in World War II both in the armed forces and at the home front. a. TRUEb. FALSE91. What was the Holocaust? a. A battle in World War IIb. When six million Jewish people were killed by the German Nazisc. A time when all people in Germany were made to work hard for little foodd. All of the abovee. None of the above92. What book did Hitler write where he said he wanted to rid Germany of the Jews? a. His Journalb. The Third Reichc. Buch von Adolfd. Mein Kampfe. Wellenlager93. Besides wanting to kill all of the Jewish people, who else did Hitler want to get rid of? a. Polishb. Catholicsc. Handicappedd. All of the abovee. None of the above94. When the Germans took over a city in Europe, what was the place in town called where they put the Jewish people? a. The Prisonb. The Asylumc. The Jaild. The Dungeone. The Ghetto95. What was the name of the places where they would take the Jews and make them work or kill them? a. Labor prisonsb. Concentration campsc. Ghost townsd. Jail housese. Work precincts96. What were gas chambers? a. Places where people had to work until they passed outb. Places where they tortured prisonersc. Places where Jewish people were killed by poisonous gasd. All of the abovee. None of the above97. What young girl wrote a journal of her life hiding for two years from the Nazis? a. Anne Frankb. Eva Braunc. Sophie Scholld. Eleanor Roosevelte. Cary Schindler98. How many innocent people have historians estimated that Hitler and the Nazis killed? a. 1 millionb. 3 millionc. 6 milliond. 11 millione. 17 million99. Who was Corrie ten Boom? a. A Jewish lady who protested against the Germansb. A German fighter pilotc. A Dutch lady who helped Jewish people to hide from the Nazisd. A Danish lady who spied on the Germanse. A French freedom fighter100. What nationality was Oskar Schindler, the man who helped save many Jewish people during World War II? a. Frenchb. Germanc. Polishd. Dutche. Jewish101. What scientist wrote a letter to President Roosevelt telling him of the potential of an atomic bomb? a. J. Robert Oppenheimerb. Thomas Edisonc. Henry Fordd. Albert Einsteine. Nikola Tesla102. What was the name of the secret project in the United States to develop an atomic bomb? a. The New York Projectb. The Manhattan Projectc. The Nuclear Projectd. The Atom Splitting Projecte. The Oppenheimer Project103. Where was the first atomic bomb exploded? a. In a secret lab in Washington, D.C.b. Hiroshima, Japanc. The desert in New Mexicod. The desert in Nevadae. Nagasaki, Japan104. How much money did the United States government invest into the making of the atomic bomb? a. $100,000 b. $1 millionc. $10 milliond. $500 millione. $2 billion105. What president made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan in World War II? a. Harry S. Trumanb. Franklin D. Rooseveltc. John F. Kennedyd. Dwight D. Eisenhowere. George W. Bush106. Why did the United States decide to drop the bomb rather than invade Japan with soldiers? a. Because the bomb was easier and quickerb. Because they estimated that 500,000 to 1 million Allied soldiers would die in an invasionc. Because they wanted to see if the bomb would workd. Because they did not have the soldiers or weapons left to attack Japane. Because they did not think they could defeat the Japanese107. What Japanese city was the atomic bomb first dropped on? a. Nagasakib. Tokyoc. Hiroshimad. Osakae. Kobe108. What was the nickname of the bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki? a. Little Boyb. Big Manc. Chubby Kidd. Stocky Dudee. Fat Man109. What scientist and leader of the atomic bomb research team is considered the father of the atomic bomb? a. J. Robert Oppenheimerb. Thomas Edisonc. Isaac Newtond. Albert Einsteine. Neils Bohr110. True or false: The American scientists were scared when they saw that their bombed worked as expected. a. TRUEb. FALSE111. What happened to the country of Germany after World War II? a. It was split up between the four countries around itb. It was divided into twoc. France took control of the German governmentd. It was left alone and given aid to recovere. It kept many of the countries it had conquered112. What happened to the country of Poland after World War II? a. It was freed and gained a large portion of Germanyb. It was divided up between the USSR and Hungaryc. It was left alone and became a democratic leaderd. It joined NATO as part of Western Europee. It became communist and under the control of the USSR113. What did the United States do to help Europe recover? a. Nothingb. Took control of several countriesc. Provided aid through the Marshall Pland. All of the abovee. None of the above114. What was the situation throughout much of Europe after the war? a. The countries were devastatedb. Roads and bridges needed repairc. Cities and buildings needed to be rebuiltd. All of the abovee. None of the above115. What are the rules of war called that many leaders broke during World War II? a. The Rules of Warb. The Geneva Conventionc. The Bill of Rightsd. The Fairness Acte. The United Agreement116. What was the war called between NATO and the Eastern bloc of communist nations? a. The Cold Warb. The Nuclear Winterc. The Bomb Raced. The Icy Ware. The Frozen Battle117. Which of the following countries was not a permanent member of the United Nations security council? a. Franceb. Soviet Unionc. United Statesd. Chinae. Germany118. What was the alliance of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc of communist nations called? a. The Communist Groupb. The Warsaw Pactc. The Pact of Steeld. The Iron Unione. The United People119. What Asian country was divided into North and South after the war and is still divided today? a. Japanb. Chinac. Koread. Laose. Indonesia120. What was the alliance of western countries against communism called? a. SALTb. The Warsaw Pactc. NASAd. NATOe. The United Nations ................
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