Phonological Process Chart - Modern Speechie
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Phonological
Processes
Phonological
processes
are
predictable
patterns
that
all
children
use
to
simplify
speech
as
they
are
learning
to
talk.
A
phonological
disorder
occurs
when
the
processes
persist
beyond
the
expected
age,
or
when
the
processes
used
are
different
to
the
usual
patterns
expected.
Listed
below
are
some
of
the
most
common
phonological
processes
and
the
age
most
children
have
stopped
using
them.
Process
Definition
Example
Gone
by
approx.
age
(years;
months)
Pre--vocalic
When
a
voiceless
consonant
in
the
beginning
of
a
word
is
substituted
"gar"
for
"car"
3;0
voicing
with
a
voiced
consonant.
Typical
examples
include
changing
/k/g
/g/,
"big"
for
"pig"
/t/g
/d/,
/p/g
/b/
and
/f/
g/v/.
Word
final
When
a
voiced
consonant
(e.g.
/g/
or
/z/)
at
the
end
of
a
word
is
"pick"
for
"pig"
3;0
de--voicing
substituted
with
a
voiceless
consonant
(e.g.
/k/
or
/s/).
"bus"
for
"buzz"
Final
When
the
final
consonant
in
a
word
is
left
off.
"go"
for
"goat"
3;3
consonant
deletion
Fronting
When
a
back
sound
(velar
or
palatal
sounds
--
e.g.
/k/,
/g/,
and
/sh/),
is
"tee"
for
"key"
3;6
substituted
with
a
front
sound
(alveolar
sounds
--
e.g.
/t/,
/d/,
and
/s/).
"sop"
for
"shop"
Consonant
When
the
pronunciation
of
a
whole
word
is
influenced
by
the
"pup"
for
"cup"
3;9
Harmony
presence
of
one
particular
sound
in
the
word.
"mime"
for
"mine"
Weak
syllable
When
the
unstressed
syllable
in
a
word
is
deleted
"nana"
for
"banana"
4;0
deletion
Cluster
When
a
combination
of
consonants
is
reduced
to
a
single
consonant
"pane"
for
"plane"
4;0
reduction
"poon"
for
"spoon"
Stopping
When
long
sounds
(fricatives
or
affricates
?
e.g.
/f/
or
/j/)
are
replaced
"four"
as
"bore"
3;0
by
short
sounds
(stop
sounds
?
e.g.
/d/or/b/).
"sun"
as
"tun"
3;0
"vacuum"
as
"bacuum"
3;6
"zoo"
as
"do"
3;6
"shoe"
as
"to"
4;6
"jump"
as
"dump"
4;6
"chair"
as
"tare"
4;6
"thing"
as
"ting"
5;0
Fricative
When
a
later
developing
fricative
(e.g.
/th/)
is
replaced
by
an
earlier
"thumb"
as
"fum"
5;0
+
Simplification
developing
one
(e.g.
/f/
or
/v/).
"feather"
as
"feva"
Gliding
of
When
/r/
becomes
a
/w/,
and
/l/
becomes
a
/w/
or
/y/
sound
"wed"
for
"red"
5;0
+
liquids
"yeyo"
for
"yellow"
Adapted
from:
Bowen,
C.
(2011)
Elimination
of
Phonological
Processes.
Dodd,
B.,
Hua,
Z.,
Crosbie,
S.,
Holm,
A.
and
Ozanne,
A.
(2002)
Diagnostic
Evaluation
of
Articulation
and
Phonology.
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