Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Zimbabwe

[Pages:6]Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Zimbabwe

More than three quarters of primary

school age children in Zimbabwe attend school and gender parity in attendance has been achieved.

100 80 60

% 40

20

85% of children ages 6-12 attend

0

primary school.

Primary School Net Attendance Rate

86

85

85

2006

Female Male Both

Primary School Gross Attendance Rate

85% of boys ages 6-12 attend school,

120

compared to 86% of girls.

100

80

No gender disparity can be observed in %

60 40

either net or gross attendance rates.

20

0

103

105

104

Female Male Both

2006

Source: Demographic and Health Survey

Many children attending primary school are outside of the official age range. This is reflected in the difference between net and gross attendance rates. This can have tremendous impact on the educational infrastructure, the experience in the classroom, and educational planning.

The net attendance ratio (NAR) is the percentage of the official primary school-age population that attends primary school. The gross attendance ratio (GAR) is the total number of students attending primary school - regardless of age - expressed as a percentage of the official primary school-age population.

Over-Age, Under-Age, and On-Time Students in Primary School, Zimbabwe

Only about 32% of primary school students are in the appropriate grade for their age; the on-time

proportion declines in the higher grades.

Over Age

On Time

Under Age

62% of the male primary school students and 56% of the female

100%

students are over-age.

80%

The percentage of males who are over-

60%

age ranges from 52% to 66%. The

40%

percentage for females ranges from 48%

20%

0%

to 58%.

FMFMFMFMFMFM

About 9% of primary school students are

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

younger that the official age for the grade that they are attending.

The Implications of Over-Age/Under-Age Students For the system: Both late entry into primary school and grade repetition can cause children to be over-age for their grade. High repetition rates indicate inefficiency in the education system. In the classroom: Large numbers of over-age students present a challenge for teachers who must teach a more diverse group with differing levels of maturity and school preparedness.

Students are considered to be on time if they are at the official age for the grade; over age if they are one or more years older; and under age if they are one or more years younger.

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Min Max

6

7

Primary School Net Attendance Rate in Urban and Rural Areas, Zimbabwe

Primary School Net Attendance Rate

Children in urban areas and rural areas are equally likely to attend

100

89

88

88

80

85

84

85

school. 60

Female

%

40

In urban areas, 88% of children of

20

primary school age attend school,

compared to 85% in rural areas.

0

Urban

Male Both

10

Rural

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

No gender disparity can be observed in either urban or rural areas.

Primary School Net Attendace Rate by Region, Zimbabwe

There are not large regional disparities in primary school attendance in Zambia.

Primary net attendance is highest in the Masvingo region (90%); attendance is lowest in the Mashonaland Central region (80%).

Gender disparity is lowest in the Matabeleland South region and highest in the Midlands region.

In all 10 regions more than three quarters of primary school age children attend school.

12

Primary School Net Attendance Rate

100

91

90

86

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 Bulawayo

89 87

85 82

81 80

86 86

80 83

89 92

87 84

87 86

89 83

Female Male

Harare

Manicaland Mashonaland Mashonaland Mashonaland Masvingo Matabeleland Matabeleland Midlands

Central

East

West

North

South

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

Secondary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Zimbabwe

Less than a half of secondary school age youth attends school. Males are not more likely to attend than females.

45% of youth ages 13-18 attend secondary school.

44% of males ages 13-18 attend school, compared to 45% of females.

100

80

60

%

40

20

Secondary School Net Attendance Rate

45

44

45

13

14

Female

15

Male Both

0

Students over or under the official

2006

secondary school age range make up 5%

of the secondary school age population.

Secondary School Gross Attendance Rate

Y

100

Y

Y

80

Y

Female

No gender disparity can be observed in

60

50

51

50

either net or gross attendance rates.

%

40

Male

20

Both

0

2006

Source: Demographic and Health Survey

Secondary School Net Attendance Rate in Urban and Rural Areas, Zimbabwe

There are significantly more youth attending secondary school in urban areas as compared to rural areas.

In urban areas, 60% of children of

secondary school age attend school,

Secondary School Net Attendance Rate in Urban and Rural Areas

compared to 39% in rural areas.

100

17

In urban areas, more males than females attend secondary school. In rural areas, slightly more females than males attend.

80

60

%

40

20

0

64

56

60

40

38

39

Female Male Both

Urban

Rural

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

Secondary School Net Attendace Rate by Region, Zimbabwe

100

90

80 70

67 61

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Bulawayo

Secondary School Net Attendance Rate

62 56

43 47

31 33

46 45

38 36

42 46

35 27

48 41

51 42

Female Male

Harare

Manicaland Mashonaland Mashonaland Mashonaland

Central

East

West

Masvingo

Matabeleland Matabeleland Midlands

North

South

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

Secondary net attendance is highest in the Bulawayo region (64%); attendance is lowest in the Matabeleland North region (31%).

Gender disparity is highest in the Midlands region and lowest in the Mashonaland East region.

School Attendance by Age and Sex, Zimbabwe

Female

Male

100 90 80 70 60

% 50 40 30 20 10 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Age Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

There are as many girls as boys

6

attending school up to age 14, in

7 8

older age groups the percentage

9

of boys attending school is

10 11

higher than girls.

12

13

14

For both females and

15

males, the highest

16 17

attendance rate is at age

18

10, 96% and 95%

19 20

respectively.

Repetition, Dropout, and Promotion Rates by Grade, Zimbabwe

Repetition rate ranges from 1% in grade 1 of secondary school to 81% in grade 7 of primary school.

Dropout rate is highest in grade 6 of secondary school (78%) and lowest in grade 1 of primary school (2%).

Dropout Rate

Repetition Rate

Promotion Rate

100%

80%

21

60%

40%

20%

0% Prim G1 Prim G2 Prim G3 Prim G4 Prim G5 Prim G6 Prim G7 Sec G1 Sec G2 Sec G3 Sec G4 Sec G5 Sec G6

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

Primary School Completion Rates, Zimbabwe

Primary completion rate is slightly higher among males (106%) than females (99%).

The probability of completing primary school is similar in urban and rural areas and does not seem to be highly correlated with the wealth of the student's household.

Rural

102

Urban

101

102

2006

Both

106

Male

Female

99

Wealth quintile 5 Wealth quintile 4 Wealth quintile 3 Wealth quintile 2 Wealth quintile 1

104 107 121

97 86

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Source: Demographic and Health Survey

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

The primary school completion rate is the total number of students attending the last grade of primary school - regardless of age -

expressed as a percentage of the official last grade of primary school -age population.

Educational Attainment, Zimbabwe

Males are better educated than women across older age groups, the gender gap disappears among 1519 year olds.

Among the population aged 15 years old and above, 5% of men and 11% of women have no education.

1% of men and 1% of women who are 15-19 year old have never attended school. Only 4% of the population aged 15 years old and above have post-secondary education.

Female

Male

Post-secondary Primary completed

Secondary completed Primary incomplete

Secondary Incomplete No Schooling

Post-secondary Primary completed

1

24

5

1

21

4

1

24

5

3

27

4

4

30

3

17

42

20

23

30

36

56

69 69

64 60 56 7

54 52 50 47

100

80

60

40

10

33

15

15

15

28

15

6

16 1 4

8

15 02

5

14 01

6 8 03

37

3 4 01

15-19 01

20-24 6 6

25-29 8 4

30-34 9 3

35-39 10 3

40-44

12 1

45-49 7 0

50-54 5 1

55-59 4 1

60-64 4 1

65+ 30 12

33 35 31 28 9

20

0

0

20

Secondary completed

Secondary Incomplete

Primary incomplete

No Schooling

67 65 66 68 70

46 8 6

10 8

48

7

4 44 45

41 42

24

1

4

18

1

3

18

1

3

16 1

2 14 1

31

5

8

7

13

18

29

40

60

80

100

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

Male 15+

O O %

Female Literacy Rates, Zimbabwe

Female Literacy Rate, Urban

1

Can read

Cannot read

99

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

Female Literacy Rate, Rural

22

5 Can read Cannot read

95

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

99% of women age 15-24 in urban areas can read, compared to 95% in rural areas.

The percentage of women who can read is 70% among women age 45-49 and 96% among women age 15-19.

Female Literacy Rate by Age

15-49

92

15-19

96

23

20-24

97

25-29

96

30-34

93

35-39

90

40-44

72

45-49

70

24

0

20

40

60

80

100

%

Source: Demographic and Health Survey, 2006

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