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WHAP: Unit 3 Exam“It is most evident that kings, queens, and other princes . . . are ordained of God, are to be obeyed and honored by their subjects; that such subjects as are disobedient or rebellious against their princes, disobey God.” -An Homily Against Disobedience and Willful Rebellion, Church of England, 1570What could most reasonably be concluded from the sermon above?The clergy generally appointed kings, queens, and princes.Rulers often used religious ideas and institutions to justify their rule.Rulers were most often chosen from members of the clergy.The clergy believed in the separation of church and state.“The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself are called gods. In the Scriptures kings are called gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the divine power.” --King James I, speech to Parliament, England, 1610The passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following?European monarchs’ continued use of religion to legitimize political authorityThe influence of Islamic political thought on Europe after the CrusadesThe establishment of theocracies throughout EurasiaThe differential treatment of Protestants and Catholics in EnglandMINIATURE ILLUSTRATION INCLUDED IN A PERSIAN HISTORY OF THE MUGHAL CONQUEST OF INDIA SHOWING THE MUGHAL DEFEAT OF THE SULTAN OF DELHI AT THE BATTLE OF PANIPAT IN 1526The figure presents a miniature illustration showing the Mughal defeat of the Sultan of Delhi at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. The illustration shows one side of a battle with several groups of troops fighting. In the top left corner, there is a group of men on horses in a charge stance. In the top right corner, there is another group of men on horseback, with one man blowing into a horn and another hitting drums. In the center of the illustration, there are 3 cannons. At the bottom of the illustration, there are several troops on horseback with bows and arrows and others with swords in their hands.Archive World / Alamy Stock PhotoThe illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?States increasingly relied on slave soldiers to establish large empires.The invention of the stirrup allowed expanding states to use cavalry more effectively.The development of new types of armor reduced casualties and allowed states to expand faster than before.States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPTthe Safavid Empirethe Qing (Manchu) Empirethe Aztec (Mexica) Empirethe Ottoman EmpireFrom 1400 to 1750, Eurasian rulers sponsored the arts primarily for which of the following reasons? To display power and legitimize their ruleTo spend excess money collected in taxesTo encourage tourism and pilgrimagesTo increase employment opportunities for struggling artistsUse the following passage to answer questions 6-8“To the count of Katzenellenbogen, Ziegenhain, and Nidda, my gracious lord.Pope Leo X, in the bull in which he put me under the ban, condemned my statement that ‘to fight against the Turk is the same thing as resisting God, who visits our sin upon us with this rod.’ I still confess freely that this statement is mine. The popes and bishops called for war against the Turks in the name of Christ. Yet because Christ taught that Christians shall not resist evil with violence or take revenge, it is against His name.In how many wars against the Turks have the bishops and clergy prevented Christians from enduring heavy losses? Indeed, the king of Hungary and his bishops were beaten by the Turks at Varna* and more recently a German army would perhaps have fought with more success, if it had not contained priests. If I were an emperor, a king, or a prince in a campaign against the Turks, I would encourage my bishops and priests to stay at home and mind the duties of their office, praying, fasting, saying mass, preaching, and caring for the poor, as not only Holy Scripture, but their own canon law teaches and requires. To this I say Amen, Amen.”*a reference to a failed Christian Crusade launched against the Ottoman Turks in 1444Martin Luther, German theologian, sermon addressed to a German prince, 1528A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to:promote religious war against fellow Christians that did not agree with Lutherencourage the creation of a united German state free of influence of the Popedemonstrate that an individual’s destiny was predetermined by Godreform Christian society by returning to a lifestyle aligned with Biblical teachingsA historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of Protestant claims that the Catholic Church: had not adequately supported earlier Crusades against Muslims in the Holy Landhad become corrupted by powerhad become too heavily influenced by Renaissance philosophershad failed to convert Muslims living in Europe to ChristianityDescribe one specific complaint of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses against the Catholic Church.Use the image below to answer questions 9-10The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman Empire.The policy shown in the image is known as:The ghazi idealJanissariesTax farmingDevshirmeThe use of the policy in the image is an example of empires:Using religion to justify their ruleRecruiting bureaucratic and military elitesUsing monumental architecture to demonstrate their powerEmphasizing the divine right of the rulerWhich is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above?To demonstrate their wealth and powerTo provide jobs for artists, architects, and buildersTo create fortresses as a defense against invading armiesTo glorify and demonstrate the power of the official state religionWhich of the following best describes the relationship that the Chinese and Aztec empires had with their respective peripheral states during the fifteenth century C.E.?Both empires used military force to severely limit the sovereignty of their peripheral states to their core states.Both empires welcomed the diffusion of cultural traditions from their peripheral territories.Both empires established tributary relationships with their peripheral states.Both empires actively sought to assimilate the citizens of their peripheral states into their respective core cultures.Image 1WALL RELIEF SHOWING SOLDIERS AND MYTHICAL BEINGS; FROM A PALACE OF THE KINGS OF CHIM?, A STATE IN PRESENT-DAY PERU, SOUTH AMERICA, BUILT CIRCA 1150 C.E.The Temple of La Huaca del Dragon in Chan Chan (Peru). Detail of reliefs. Pre-Inca Chimu Civilization, 14th Century. Image 2WALL RELIEF SHOWING SOLDIERS, DANCERS, AND ELEPHANT RIDERS, FROM THE PALACE OF THE KINGS OF VIJAYANAGARA, A HINDU STATE IN PRESENT-DAY SOUTHERN INDIA, BUILT CIRCA 1400 C.E.Which of the following best explains the similarities between the choices of subject matter of the two reliefs?Cross-cultural interaction often resulted in the diffusion of artistic styles.Coerced labor systems enabled rulers to build ever grander political and religious structures.Monumental art was used to legitimize political power in most societies.Technological exchanges and the migration of skilled artisans led to the emergence of similar art styles.Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?In both empires the majority of the people were Muslims.Both empires had powerful navies that engaged European navies.Both empires expanded through the use of gunpowder weapons and extensive bureaucracies.Both empires gave little monetary support to artistic and cultural endeavors.Which of the following accurately describes the Mita tribute system of the Incas?An extensive tribute list of items to be collected was distributed to each provinceTaxes were paid by serving a period of time as a laborer for the state, working on building projectsTribute was collected from conquered peoples by a tax collector that bid for the positionZamindars were chosen as bureaucratic elites to collect tributeWhich of the following accurately describes the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation started by Martin Luther?Several Martin Luther’s reforms were applied by local priests at the direction of the PopeProtestants were denounced as heretics and attempted to be silencedThe Pope called a council to determine how to respond to Martin LutherThe Church admitted the truth of Martin Luther’s accusations17. Which of the following developments contributed to the spread of ideas and increased literacy from the 16th century onwards?Gutenberg printing pressRosetta stoneSea trade routesBibles translated into local languagesShort Answer:Compare the use of religion by the state in two or pare the use of art or architecture by the state in two pare the treatment of religious minorities in two empires. ................
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