Mendel’s Conclusions



Introduction to Genetics- Mendel NotesWho started genetics?Gregor Mendel- the “father of genetics”What did he do/discover?He studied the 7 inherited traits of pea plants for over 7 years. When did this take place? 1822-1884 (a 7 year study)Where did this take place? Austria. He was a monk (taught at a monastery and taking care of the garden was his job)How did he make these discoveries?1. Mendel first self-pollinated his pea plants to produce pure plants (so no pollen was exchanged between plants).Ex: All tall or all short2. Mendel then cross-pollinated tall pea plants with short pea plants. This cross was called the Parental Generation or P1.3. The seeds produced by the P1 generation were all tall. These seeds were known as the First Filial or F1 generation. He then cross-pollinated this generation.4. The seeds produced by the F1 generations are called F2. He found that the F2 generation had a ratio of 3:1 tall to short plants.Why did he choose to work with peas?Pea plants are ideal because:1. They reproduce sexually.2. Male and female sex cells are on the same flower (so they can self pollinate).3. Have 7 traits with 2 distinct forms. P1 F1 F2AllelesTraitsMendel’s ConclusionsIn total Mendel studied 7 traits (characteristics) from the pea plants and all his results were the same. This allowed him to recognize certain patterns and develop principles.A gene is what controls a trait and the alleles are the forms that the trait can take. Human Example: Gene = controls for number of fingers on each hand Alleles = 5 fingers or 6 fingers!Principle of Dominance- One allele can mask (hide) another allele.Dominant trait- the allele that masks the effects of other allelesRepresented by a capital letter, usually from the first word of the dominant allele’s description.Ex: Tall Plant = TRecessive Trait- the gene that is masked by another alleleRepresented by a lowercase letter, usually from the first word of dominant allele’s descriptionEx: Short Plant = tLaw of Segregation- The parent’s alleles for a trait would separate during the formation of egg and sperm (or their gametes). Each parent donates an allele to the offspring.Law of Independent Assortment- The genes for one trait do not affect the inheritance of genes for another trait.Ex: Height will not change seed color ................
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