American Life in the Seventeenth Century



American Life in the Seventeenth Century

1607-1692

THE UNHEALTHY CHESAPEAKE

1. What diseases took a cruel toll on the first settlers? P66

2. How much shorter was life expectancy in America than in England?

3. What were the great majority of immigrants to the Chesapeake region?

4. Why were marriages few?

THE TOBACCO ECONOMY

5. Why did tobacco farming create a nearly insatiable desire for land? P67

6. When tobacco prices fell by the end of the century, how did the colonial Chesapeake farmers respond?

7. Why did Indentured Servants exchange themselves for several years, i.e. what were their “freedom dues?”

8. What was the headright system? P67

9. What class was created?

10. How many “white slaves” were brought to the Chesapeake as indentured servants by 1700?

11. What could indentured servants look forward to?

FRUSTRATED FREEMEN AND BACON’S REBELLION

12. Why were impoverished freemen becoming a problem in Virginia?

13. What were those who did not have land not permitted in 1670?

14. Who lead a rebellion against Governor William Berkley in 1676?

15. What were many of the rebels?

16. Why were they angry with Berkey?

17. Who were the first victims of the rebellion?

18. What was Bacon’s fate?

19. How did Berkley crush the uprising?

20. As a result of the rebellion, the lordly planters began looking to what new source for labor?

COLONIAL SLAVERY

21. When had Africans first been brought to Jamestown?

22. What factors caused Southern white planters to the use of African slaves rather than white indentured servants?

23. When the Royal African Company lost its royal monopoly, who rushed in to capitalize on the slave trade?

24. How did the population of African slaves change in the early 1700s?

25. What part of Africa did most of the slaves come from?

26. How did the 1662 Virginia statutes, or slave codes, distinguish between a servant and a slave?

27. What did colonial slave codes forbid?

AFRICANS IN AMERICA

28. How were the plantations in the Carolinas more harsh than those in Virginia?

29. What caused the rise of the slave population in the 1720s?

30. What language was developed by the slaves on the sea islands off South Carolina?

31. How were the slaves that revolt in New York in 1712 punished?

32. Where did a South Carolina slave revolt take place in 1739?

SOUTHERN SOCIETY

33. As slavery spread, what happened to the gap in the South’s social structure?

34. What did the planters rule?

35. How were American merchant planters different from the English gentry?

36. What was the largest social group in the South?

37. Who made up the lowest white social class in the South?

38. What was the lowest class of people in the American colonial South?

39. What did Southern life revolve around?

40. What were the principal means of transportation in the South?

THE NEW ENGLAND FAMILY

41. What made life in colonial New England healthier than in the South?

42. How was migration to New England different than immigration to the Chesapeake?

43. What was the primary cause of New England’s population increase?

44. What caused the death of many New England women?

45. How many pregnancies could a married woman expect?

46. What was a New England woman’s primary occupation?

47. Because of the high mortality rates in the South, what rights did Southern women have that New England Puritan women did not?

48. What did New England give up when they married?

49. What provision did New England grant widows that in England was not?

50. What rights were women not allowed?

51. What did New England law seek to defend?

LIFE IN NEW ENGLAND TOWNS

52. What factors lead to the development of towns in New England?

53. How did New England society grow in a more orderly fashion?

54. What were towns of fifty families or more required to provide?

55. What did Massachusetts Puritans establish in 1636 to train local boys for the ministry?

56. When was the first Southern college, William and Mary, established in the South?

57. How was the New England town meeting considered a classroom for American democracy?

THE HALF-WAY COVENANT & THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS

58. Why did troubled New England ministers announce the Half-Way Covenant?

59. What was the Half-Way Covenant agreement?

60. How did the Half-Way Covenant impact New England society?

61. In 1692, who claimed that they had been bewitched by older women?

62. How many were hanged for being witches?

63. Most of the accused witches came from what social group?

64. Most of the accusers came from which families?

65. What did the episode of the Salem Witch Trials reflect in New England?

66. How did the witchcraft hysteria come to an end?

67. What did the Massachusetts legislature pass twenty-years later?

THE NEW ENGLAND WAY OF LIFE

68. From scratching a living off the New England soil, what did New Englanders become famous for?

69. Why was New England less ethnically mixed than the middle or Southern colonies?

70. What had been the Indian concept of the land?

71. What was the English settlers philosophy of land use (what did they feel was their virtual duty)?

72. What livestock did the English bring to New England?

73. What did New Englanders become experts in?

74. What became the ‘gold mines of New England?’

75. What did the combination of Calvinism, soil and climate make in New England?

THE EARLY SETTLER’S DAYS AND WAYS

76. What occupation were the majority of farmers?

77. What did most all women, regardless of status, do?

78. What was relatively cheap in America?

79. From what group were most white immigrant to America from? Which groups were they not from?

80. What fueled Leisler’s rebellion in New York?

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