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P-1a-j Comma ReviewMultiple ChoiceSome of the following sentences contain comma errors. If a sentence has an error, select the correct version. If the sentence is correct, select c. No change.1. Many critics include James Agee, Conrad Aiken, Louisa May Alcott, and Nelson Algren on their lists of major American authors.Many critics include James Agee, Conrad Aiken Louisa May Alcott, and Nelson Algren on their lists of major American authors.Many critics include James Agee, Conrad Aiken, Louisa May Alcott, and Nelson Algren, on their lists of major American authors.No change.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c and P-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c and P-1j.<. James Agee published A Death in the Family, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1957, and, Conrad Aiken won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1924.James Agee published A Death in the Family, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1957, and Conrad Aiken won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1924.James Agee published A Death in the Family which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1957 and Conrad Aiken won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1924.No change.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a, P-1d, and P-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a, P-1d, and P-1j.<. Before he reached the age of fifty Nelson Algren had published his two major works, The Man with the Golden Arm and A Walk on the Wild Side.Before he reached the age of fifty, Nelson Algren had published his two major works, The Man with the Golden Arm and A Walk on the Wild Side.Before he reached the age of fifty, Nelson Algren had published his two major works The Man with the Golden Arm, and A Walk on the Wild Side.No change.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b, P-1d, and P-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b, P-1d, and P-1j.<. Louisa May Alcott’s fame rests, of course, on the novels, Little Women and Little Men.Louisa May Alcott’s fame rests of course on the novels Little Women, and Little Men.Louisa May Alcott’s fame rests, of course, on the novels Little Women and Little Men.No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d, P-1e, and P-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d, P-1e, and P-1j.<. Any list of great American writers, would probably name Sherwood Anderson of Winesburg, Ohio fame, and Isaac Asimov, known for I, Robot as well as the Foundation series.Any list of great American writers would probably name Sherwood Anderson of Winesburg, Ohio fame and Isaac Asimov, known for I, Robot as well as the Foundation series.Any list of great American writers would probably name Sherwood Anderson of Winesburg, Ohio fame, and Isaac Asimov known for I, Robot as well as the Foundation series.No change.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d and P-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d and P-1j.<. My instructor points out, repeatedly I might add that her favorite American writers are Thomas Wolfe and Richard Wright.a. My instructor points out, repeatedly I might add, that her favorite American writers are, Thomas Wolfe and Richard Wright.b. My instructor points out, repeatedly I might add, that her favorite American writers are Thomas Wolfe and Richard Wright. c. No change.ANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e and P-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e and P-1j.<. “Well, Jessica are you coming with me to hear Toni Morrison,” her brother Aaron asked “or are you staying home”?a. “Well Jessica, are you coming with me to hear Toni Morrison” her brother Aaron asked “or are you staying home”?b. “Well, Jessica, are you coming with me to hear Toni Morrison,” her brother Aaron asked, “or are you staying home”?c. No change.ANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1g and P-1h. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1g and P-1h.<. After a few moments, Jessica said that she loved Morrison’s novels but had to finish her take-home exam. If she didn’t turn it in by December 14, she’d have to take a January 8, 2009, make-up test.a. After a few moments Jessica said, that she loved Morrison’s novels, but had to finish her take-home exam. If she didn’t turn it in by December 14, she’d have to take a January 8, 2009, make-up test.b. After a few moments Jessica said that she loved Morrison’s novels, but had to finish her take-home exam. If she didn’t turn it in by December 14 she’d have to take a January 8, 2009 make-up test.c. No change.ANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a–1b, P-1g, and P-1i-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a–1b, P-1g, and P-1i-1j.<. “Too bad sis” Aaron continued, “I guess you’ll miss the party later, too. In case you can make it Brian’s apartment is just over the state line at 4420 Longwood Drive, Gurnee Illinois.”a. “Too bad, sis” Aaron continued “I guess you’ll miss the party later, too. In case you can make it, Brian’s apartment, is just over the state line at 4420 Longwood Drive, Gurnee, Illinois.b. “Too bad, sis,” Aaron continued. “I guess you’ll miss the party later, too. In case you can make it, Brian’s apartment is just over the state line at 4420 Longwood Drive, Gurnee, Illinois.”c. No changeANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b and P-1g-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b and P-1g-1j.<. “Yes Aaron I’m going to miss the farewell party” Jessica moaned, “but please say hi to all my friends like, Eric, Mario, Kim, Igor, and Brian okay?”a. “Yes, Aaron, I’m going to miss the farewell party,” Jessica moaned, “but please say hi to all my friends, like Eric, Mario, Kim, Igor, and Brian, okay?”b. “Yes Aaron, I’m going to miss the farewell party” Jessica moaned “but please say hi to all my friends, like Eric, Mario, Kim, Igor, and Brian, okay?”c. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c, P-1e, P-1g-1h, and P-1j. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c, P-1e, P-1g-1h, and P-1j.< Commas to Join Independent ClausesMultiple ChoiceThe sentences below may be missing a comma to separate independent clauses. Remember that you do not need a comma to separate a two-part compound verb. Select the correct instruction.1. The ancients did not have clocks to tell time nor did they wear watches.a.Put a comma between time and nor.b.Put a comma between nor and did.c.Leave as is.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. To measure time, ancient people used water flowing through a hole in a bowl and medieval people used sand moving through an hourglass.a.Put a comma between flowing and through.b.Put a comma between bowl and and.c.Leave as is.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. At night, people in early civilizations could measure time by the flow of sand or water but could not use a sundial.a.Put a comma between time and by.b.Put a comma between water and but.c.Leave as is.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. The pendulum clock was developed in 1656 and used in many countries until better clocks came along in the twentieth century.a.Put a comma between 1656 and and.b.Put a comma between countries and until.c.Leave as is.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. Quartz clocks are more precise than pendulum clocks yet atomic clocks surpass both in precision.a.Put a comma between clocks and but.b.Put a comma between yet and atomic.c.Leave as is.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. Do you use a watch to find out the time or do you rely on clocks wherever you go?a.Put a comma between clocks and wherever.b.Put a comma between time and or.c.Leave as is.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. The first mechanical clocks appeared in China around the twelfth century but did not show up in Europe until the fourteenth century.a.Put a comma between century and but.b.Put a comma between Chna and around.c.Leave as is.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. In the twelve-hour system, does 12:00 a.m. mean that it is noon, or that it is midnight?a.Remove the comma after system.b.Remove the after noon.c.Leave as is.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. The twenty-four-hour system eliminates the confusion between a.m. and p.m., but few people outside the military use it.a.Remove the comma after p.m.b.Put a comma after confusion.c.Leave as is.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.<. In military time, 7:15 a.m. becomes 0715 so what does 7:15 p.m. become?a.Put a comma after 0715.b.Remove the comma after time. c.Leave as is.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1a. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1a.< Commas to Set Off Introductory WordsMultiple ChoiceSome of the following sentences contain an introductory element that should be followed by a comma. Select the answer that uses commas correctly. If both of the original sentences are correct, select c. No change.1. Choosing a pet is a serious undertaking. To begin with make sure you have the finances, time, and space to raise an animal.a.Choosing, a pet is a serious undertaking.b.To begin with, make sure you have the finances, time, and space to raise an animal.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. In general do not give a pet as a gift. The reason is that not everyone has the temperament to raise an animal.a.In general, do not give a pet as a gift.b.The reason is, that not everyone has the temperament to raise an animal.c. No change.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. Do not choose a dog based on its appearance. Instead think about whether the dog can play quietly in an apartment or needs to run around outside.a.Do not choose a dog, based on its appearance.b.Instead, think about whether the dog can play quietly in an apartment or needs to run around outside.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. Hitting a dog will make it fearful or demoralized. Because a dog wants to please you, it will listen to a stern “No.”a.Hitting a dog, will make it fearful or demoralized.b.Because a dog wants to please you it will listen to a stern “No.”c. No change.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. Given their past experience many dog owners recommend basic dog training. The tips in a good manual, can help you get started. a. Given their past experience, many dog owners recommend basic dog training.b. The tips, in a good manual, can help you get started.c. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. After your dog has learned commands, like “sit” and “off” you can move on to “heel” and “stay.” A well-trained dog becomes a good member of the family.a. After your dog has learned commands like “sit” and “off,” you can move on to “heel” and “stay.”b. A well-trained dog, becomes a good member of the familyc. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. If you can’t train your dog yourself hire a professional. Choose between a group obedience class and a private trainer for one-on-one instruction.a.Choose between a group obedience class, and a private trainer for one-on-one instruction. b.If you can’t train your dog yourself, hire a professional.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. Introducing a new baby into a household with a dog requires care. Surprisingly not every dog recognizes a crawling baby as a human.a.Introducing, a new baby into a household with a dog requires care.b.Surprisingly, not every dog recognizes a crawling baby as a human.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. When babies crawl or cry they may threaten a dog. Be particularly alert if your dog is high-strung.a. When babies crawl or cry, they may threaten a dog.b. Be particularly alert, if your dog is high-strung.c. No change.ANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.<. Once a puppy has had its immunizations, it can socialize with other dogs. In fact, puppies should get to know a variety of people as well.a. Once, a puppy has had its immunizations it can socialize with other dogs.b. In fact puppies, should get to know a variety of people as well.c. No change. ANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1b. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1b.< Commas to Separate Items in a SeriesMultiple ChoiceSome of the following sentences do not use commas correctly for items in a series. If a sentence has an error, select the correct version. If the original sentence is correct, select c. No change.1. The World Series of baseball was a best-of-nine-games contest in 1903 (the first year of the World Series) 1920 and 1921.a. The World Series of baseball was a best-of-nine-games contest in 1903 (the first year of the World Series) 1920, and 1921.b. The World Series of baseball was a best-of-nine games contest in 1903 (the first year of the World Series), 1920, and 1921.c. No changeANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.<. In baseball, the infielders include the first, second and third basemen, and the short stop. a. In baseball, the infielders include the first, second, and third basemen, and the short stop.b. In baseball, the infielders include the first, second, and third basemen and the short stop.c. No changeANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.<. Baseball teams keep track of a player’s hits, runs, walks, and errors, during a game.a. Baseball teams keep track of a player’s hits, runs, walks, and errors during a game.b. Baseball teams keep track of a player’s hits, runs, walks and errors, during a game.c. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.<. A true baseball fan will go to a game in any kind of weather—on a chilly April day, during the heat and humidity of August on a rainy September weekend, and even when the temperature dips into the 30s.a. A true baseball fan will go to a game in any kind of weather—on a chilly April day, during the heat and humidity of August, on a rainy September weekend and even when the temperature dips into the 30s.b. A true baseball fan will go to a game in any kind of weather—on a chilly April day, during the heat and humidity of August, on a rainy September weekend, and even when the temperature dips into the 30s.c. No changeANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c. <. When a grand slam home run occurs, three men are on base, the batter hits a home run, his team scores four runs at once, and fans cheer wildly.a. When a grand slam home run occurs, three men are on base, the batter hits a home run, his team scores four runs, at once and fans cheer wildly.b. When a grand slam home run occurs three men are on base, the batter hits a home run, his team scores four runs at once and fans cheer wildly.c. No changeANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.<. Peanuts, popcorn, hot dogs, hamburgers, and nachos, with cheese, are fans’ favorite foods at a baseball game.a. Peanuts, popcorn, hot dogs, hamburgers, and nachos with cheese are fans’ favorite foods at a baseball game.b. Peanuts, popcorn, hot dogs, hamburgers and nachos, with cheese are fans’ favorite foods at a baseball game.c. No change ANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.<. Some baseball stars who played before 1920 were base stealer and superb hitter Ty Cobb, outstanding pitchers Cy Young and Christy Mathewson, and second basemen and strong hitters Nap Lajoie and Eddie Collins.a. Some baseball stars who played before 1920 were base stealer and superb hitter Ty Cobb, outstanding pitchers Cy Young, and Christy Mathewson, and second basemen and strong hitters Nap Lajoie, and Eddie Collins.b. Some baseball stars who played before 1920 were base stealer and superb hitter, Ty Cobb, outstanding pitchers, Cy Young and Christy Mathewson, and second basemen and strong hitters, Nap Lajoie and Eddie Collins. c. No changeANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.<. Several factors increased baseball’s popularity in the early part of the twentieth century: the colorful personalities, of some owners and managers, the radio broadcasts, of games, a change in the ball that made it harder to hit, and the extraordinary talent of Babe Ruth.a. Several factors increased baseball’s popularity in the early part of the twentieth century: the colorful personalities of some owners and managers, the radio broadcasts of games, a change in the ball that made it harder to hit, and the extraordinary talent of Babe Ruth.b. Several factors increased baseball’s popularity in the early part of the twentieth century: the colorful personalities of some owners, and managers, the radio broadcasts of games, a change in the ball, that made it harder to hit, and the extraordinary talent of Babe Ruth.c. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.<. The first players inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, included Ty Cobb, Honus Wagner, Walter Johnson Babe Ruth, and Christy Mathewson.a. The first players inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame included, Ty Cobb Honus Wagner, Walter Johnson, Babe Ruth and Christy Mathewson.b. The first players inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame included Ty Cobb, Honus Wagner, Walter Johnson, Babe Ruth, and Christy Mathewson.c. No changeANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.<. Black stars such as Larry Doby Don Newcombe, Roy Campanella and Willie Mays, followed Jackie Robinson, who had broken the color barrier in 1947.a. Black stars such as Larry Doby, Don Newcombe, Roy Campanella and Willie Mays, followed Jackie Robinson, who had broken the color barrier in 1947.b. Black stars such as Larry Doby, Don Newcombe, Roy Campanella, and Willie Mays followed Jackie Robinson, who had broken the color barrier in 1947.c. No changeANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1c. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1c.< (NYT) Commas to Set Off Nonrestrictive ElementsMultiple ChoiceSome of the following sentences contain comma errors with nonrestrictive or restrictive elements. Select the answer that has no comma errors. If the original sentence is correct, select c. No change. Remember that nonrestrictive elements require commas but restrictive elements do not.1.Eadweard Muybridge a father of cinematography used many still cameras to photograph a moving animal and then projected the stills in sequence to reproduce the motion.a.Eadweard Muybridge, a father of cinematography used many still cameras to photograph a moving animal, and then projected the stills in sequence to reproduce the motion.b.Eadweard Muybridge, a father of cinematography, used many still cameras to photograph a moving animal and then projected the stills in sequence to reproduce the motion.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.<, who wanted to design a true motion picture camera competed to introduce the first one.a.Inventors who wanted to design a true motion picture camera competed to introduce the first one.b.Inventors, who wanted to design a true motion picture camera, competed to introduce the first one.c. No change.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.< laboratories of Thomas Edison which were known for other significant inventions received credit for the invention of the motion picture camera in 1889.a.The laboratories of Thomas Edison, which were known for other significant inventions received credit for the invention of the motion picture camera, in 1889.b.The laboratories of Thomas Edison, which were known for other significant inventions, received credit for the invention of the motion picture camera in 1889.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.< a Kinetoscope, a box with a peephole on top, a viewer could watch a 30-second Edison film. a.Through a Kinetoscope a box with a peephole on top, a viewer could watch a 30-second Edison film b.Through a Kinetoscope a box with a peephole on top a viewer could watch a 30-second Edison film c. No change.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.<, who wanted to be in Edison’s first films flocked to the New Jersey labs to be photographed.a.Celebrities who wanted to be in Edison’s first films flocked to the New Jersey labs to be photographed.b.Celebrities, who wanted to be in Edison’s first films, flocked to the New Jersey labs to be photographed.c. No change.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.< having little faith, that motion pictures would catch on, did not take out an international patent on his motion picture camera and projector.a.Edison having little faith that motion pictures would catch on, did not take out an international patent on his motion picture camera and projector.b.Edison, having little faith that motion pictures would catch on, did not take out an international patent on his motion picture camera and projector.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.< 1895, the Lumière brothers, Auguste and Louis, invented their own motion picture camera as well as a projector, which allowed many viewers to watch a film simultaneously.a.In 1895, the Lumière brothers, Auguste and Louis, invented their own motion picture camera as well as a projector which allowed many viewers to watch a film simultaneously.b.In 1895, the Lumière brothers Auguste and Louis, invented their own motion picture camera as well as a projector which allowed many viewers to watch a film simultaneously.c. No change.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.< Lumière and his younger brother Louis made movies out of ordinary life—for example, a train arriving at a station.a.Auguste Lumière, and his younger brother Louis, made movies out of ordinary life—for example, a train arriving at a station.b.Auguste Lumière and his younger brother, Louis, made movies out of ordinary life—for example, a train arriving at a station.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.< Frenchman, Georges Méliès (1861-1938) came up with the idea of telling a story in a movie.a.The Frenchman Georges Méliès (1861-1938) came up with the idea of telling a story in a movie.b.The Frenchman, Georges Méliès (1861-1938), came up with the idea of telling a story in a movie.c. No change.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.< Méliès needing more time to tell a story started making movies, that were twelve to fourteen minutes long.a.Georges Méliès, needing more time to tell a story started making movies that were twelve to fourteen minutes long.b.Georges Méliès, needing more time to tell a story, started making movies that were twelve to fourteen minutes long.c. No change.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1d. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1d.< and P-1f Commas to Set Off Parenthetical Information and Transitional ExpressionsMultiple ChoiceSome of the following sentences use commas incorrectly to set off a parenthetical or transitional expression. Select the answer that has no comma errors. If the original sentence is correct, select “c,” No change.1. Edwin S. Porter (1870-1941) was as most movie scholars know, the first notable American movie director.a. Edwin S. Porter (1870-1941), was as most movie scholars know, the first notable American movie director.b. Edwin S. Porter (1870-1941) was, as most movie scholars know, the first notable American movie director.c. No change.ANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e.<. Consider for example, Edwin S. Porter’s advances in film editing, especially in the 1903 film, The Great Train Robbery.a. Consider, for example, Edwin S. Porter’s advances in film editing, especially in the 1903 film The Great Train Robbery.b. Consider, for example Edwin S. Porter’s advances in film editing especially in the 1903 film The Great Train Robbery.c. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1f. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1f.<. D. W. Griffith (1875-1948) without question, was the next great contributor to film. Indeed he was the first director to use long, medium, and close-up shots.a. D. W. Griffith (1875-1948), without question, was the next great contributor to film. Indeed, he was the first director to use long, medium, and close-up shots.b. D. W. Griffith (1875-1948), without question was the next great contributor to film.Indeed, he was the first director to use long, medium, and close-up shots.c. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e and P-1f. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e and P-1f.<. D. W. Griffith pioneered many, some would say countless, special effects, such as the cut, the dissolve, the fade, and the iris.a. D. W. Griffith pioneered many, some would say countless special effects, such as the cut, the dissolve, the fade, and the iris.b. D. W. Griffith pioneered many some would say countless, special effects such as the cut, the dissolve, the fade, and the iris.c. No changeANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e.<. The Birth of a Nation critics agree, is D. W. Griffith’s most famous movie; however, this Civil War film is flawed by racial stereotypes.a. The Birth of a Nation, critics agree, is D. W. Griffith’s most famous movie; however this Civil War film is flawed by racial stereotypes.b. The Birth of a Nation, critics agree, is D. W. Griffith’s most famous movie; however, this Civil War film is flawed by racial stereotypes.c. No changeANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e and P-1f. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e and P-1f.<. Around 1910, give or take a year East Coast filmmakers began to settle in Hollywood.a. Around 1910 give or take a year, East Coast filmmakers began to settle in Hollywood.b. Around 1910, give or take a year, East Coast filmmakers began to settle in Hollywood.c. No changeANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e and P-1f. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e and P-1f.<. By the 1920s the western, a favorite of mine, had emerged as a popular American genre.a. By the 1920s, the western, a favorite of mine, had emerged as a popular American genre.b. By the 1920s, the western a favorite of mine, had emerged as a popular American genre.c. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e and P-1f. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e and P-1f.<. In addition to westerns, adventure films, melodramas, and historical epics were popular. Remember, though, that all of these early films were part of the silent-movie age.a. In addition, to westerns, adventure films, melodramas, and historical epics were popular. Remember though that all of these early films were part of the silent-movie age.b. In addition to westerns, adventure films, melodramas, and historical epics were popular. Remember though, that all of these early films were part of the silent-movie age.c. No changeANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1f. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1f.<. Not surprisingly, silent comedies also flourished. They starred some comedians whose talent will never in my opinion, be duplicated, such as Fatty Arbuckle, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton, and Charlie Chaplin.a. Not surprisingly, silent comedies also flourished. They starred some comedians whose talent will never, in my opinion, be duplicated, such as Fatty Arbuckle, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton, and Charlie Chaplin.b. Not surprisingly silent comedies also flourished. They starred some comedians whose talent will never, in my opinion be duplicated, such as Fatty Arbuckle, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton, and Charlie Chaplin.c. No changeANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e and P-1f. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e and P-1f.<. In fact, all silent movies challenged actors to reveal the emotions and story of a film through facial expressions and, to use a current term, body language.a. In fact, all silent movies challenged actors to reveal the emotions and story of a film through facial expressions, and to use a current term, body language.b. In fact all silent movies challenged actors to reveal the emotions and story of a film, through facial expressions and to use a current term, body language.c. No changeANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1e and P-1f. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1e and P-1f.< and P-1h Commas to Set Off Direct Quotations, Direct Address, Yes and No, Interjections, and Tag QuestionsMultiple ChoiceSelect the sentence that uses commas correctly. If neither sentence is correct, select c. Neither is correct.1.a. The American playwright Tony Kushner has said, that a father continues his own life through that of his son.b. The American playwright Tony Kushner has said, “The son offers the father his life as a vessel for carrying forth his father’s dream.”c. Neither is correct.ANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1g. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1g. <. Good grief Charlie Brown is trying to kick the football, again.b. Yes and Lucy’s ready to foul him up, isn’t she?c. Neither is correct.ANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1h. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1h.<. a. “Every hero becomes a bore at last” said Ralph Waldo Emerson.b. Ralph Waldo Emerson said that a hero eventually turns into a boring person, didn’t he?c. Neither is correct.ANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1g and P-1h. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1g and P-1h.<. “Oh, I don’t know if I should tell you the whole story,” Dan said.b. “Well you could begin at the beginning” his wife suggested.c. Neither is correct.ANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1g and P-1h. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1g and P-1h.<. a. “The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug” quipped Mark Twain.b. “The difference between the right word and the almost right word,” quipped Mark Twain “is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug.”c. Neither is correct.ANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1g. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1g.<. No Zachary, you may not drive until your seventeenth birthday.b. Two years isn’t such a long time to wait, is it?c. Neither is correct.ANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1h. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1h.<. Mae West said, “I used to be Snow White . . . but I drifted.”b. Tallulah Bankhead once said that she was, “as pure as the driven slush.”c. Neither is correct.ANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1g. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1g.<. Keep in mind class, that you have ten more minutes to finish the exam.b. I’m in big trouble now Jeff.c. Neither is correct.ANS: cREF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1h. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1h.<. According to W. H. Auden, “No good opera plot can be sensible, for people do not sing when they are feeling sensible.”b. It appears, that Auden didn’t like opera, doesn’t it?c. Neither is correct.ANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1g and P-1h. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1g and P-1h.<. Wow, what a great sound that band has.b. I was told Sue, that they’re coming to Charleston in May. c. Neither is correct.ANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1h. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1h.< Commas with Addresses, Place Names, and DatesMultiple ChoiceThe following sentences may be missing one or more commas to set off parts of addresses, place names, or dates. Select the instruction that makes each sentence correct.1. Delaware, the first state, gained statehood on December 7 1787 followed a few days later by Pennsylvania. Leave as is.Put a comma between 7 and 1787.Put commas between 7 and 1787 and after 1787.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. See In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<. You can reach Alcoholics Anonymous World Services at 475 Riverside Drive New York NY 10115.Leave as is.Put a comma between Drive and New York.Put commas between Drive and New York and between New York and NY.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<. It wasn’t until May 29, 1790 that Rhode Island was admitted to the United States as the thirteenth original state.Leave as is.Put a comma between 1790 and that.Put commas between 1790 and that and between States and as.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<. Tourists who visit Washington D.C. rarely want to miss the White House or the Smithsonian.Leave as is.Put commas between Washington and D.C. and after D.C.Put comma between Washington and D.C. and after House.ANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<. Before the Civil War, the first state to secede from the Union was South Carolina on 20 December 1860; ten more states seceded by 8 June 1861.Leave as is.Put a comma between 20 and December and between 8 and 1860.Put commas between December and 1860 and between June and 1861.ANS: a REF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<. Cooperstown New York is the home of the National Baseball Hall of Fame.Leave as is.Put a comma between Cooperstown and New York.Put commas between Cooperstown and New York and between New York and is.ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.7. During the summer, you can reach my parents at 612 Jerome Street, Hudson WI 54016. The rest of the year, they’re in Sarasota Florida.Leave as is.Put commas between Hudson and WI and between Sarasota and Florida.Put a comma between WI and 54016.ANS: bREF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<. The eleven states that seceded gained readmission to the Union between July 24 1866 and March 30 1870.Leave as is.Put commas between 24 and 1866 and between 30 and 1870.Put commas between 24 and 1866, after 1866, and between 30 and 1870. ANS: c REF: The correct answer is c. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<. The daily bus from Lenox Massachusetts to the Port Authority Bus Terminal, New York City, usually departs on time.Leave as is.Put commas between Lenox and Massachusetts and after Massachusetts.Put a comma between Lenox and Massachusetts and remove the comma after New York City.ANS: b REF: The correct answer is b. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<. In just one year, my best friend moved three times—from Greenville to Charleston, South Carolina; from Charleston to Denver; and from Denver to Portland, Oregon.a. Leave as is.b. Put commas between Greenville and to and between Denver and to.c. Remove the commas after Charleston and Portland.ANS: aREF: The correct answer is a. In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see P-1i. < The Little Seagull Handbook, see P-1i.<; ................
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