Chapter 8—The Rise of Islam—600-1200 (pages 196-217)

In fact, many Muslims would come to view communism as a form of Islam throughout he Soviet era; as one Muslim dignitary pointed out in 1970 at an international conference, “Soviet leaders who believe neither in God nor his Prophet nevertheless apply laws that were dictated by God and expounded by his Prophet” (D’Encausse 1972: 239). ................
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