Paxson Science
Monoclonal AntibodiesImmune system natural produces antibodies, but sometimes it would be helpful to have artificial antibodies—do this with the production of monoclonal antibodiesIssue: B-lymphocytes that divide do not produce antibodies, so how do we clone a single antibody on a massive scale?Solution: hybridoma method fuses a B-lymphocyte with a cancer cell, enabling division of antibody secreting cellsDone usually by injecting an antigen in a mouse, then collecting spleen cells (B lymphocytes) that begin secreting antibodies against that antigenCells are combined with cancer cells, and ones that combine successfully and secrete the proper antibody are cultured.Monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis purposesDiagnosing and locating blood clots: protein in blood clots is fibrin, B lymphocytes can produce and antifibrin antibody. Mouse spleen cells that generate that antibody are collected, fused with cancer cells to make antifibrin hybridoma cells, antibodies are labelled with a radioactive chemical.Labelled antibodies injected in blood stream and will bind to fibrin they come in contact with. Gamma ray camera detects the blood clots once they’ve been tagged with antibodies.Many applications for finding proteins in the bodyMonoclonal antibodies for treatment purposes: administered periodically to treat a conditionGene tech has altered mouse antibodies (which would act as foreign antigens) to code for human amino acids in the antibody instead—humanisation Antibodies can be used to tag other molecules/cells (like certain cancer cells) for destruction by the immune system.Monoclonal antibodies end in the suffix –mab ................
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