BACKSHIFT OF TENSES REPORTED QUESTIONS
Verb tenses Simple Present Present continuous
Simple Past
Past continuous
Past perfect simple
Past perfect continuous
Present perfect Present perfect
continuous Future simple
Future perfect
Present passive
Present passive continuous
BACKSHIFT OF TENSES
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
I am a carpenter. I'm working at the moment.
I was there last year.
I was working when you came in.
I had finished my homework when he came in.
I had been working for two hours when John showed up.
I have already done it.
He said that he was a carpenter. He said that he was working at that
moment. He said that he had been there the
year before. He said that he had been working
when I had come in. He said that he had finished his homework when he had come in. He said that he had been working for two hours when John had
showed up. He said that he had already done it.
I have been working here for two years.
I will finish tomorrow.
By next month, I will have finished my book.
The book is written in English.
Many shops are being opened in the city centre.
He said that he had been working there for two years.
He said that he would finish the next day.
He said that by the following month he would have finished his book.
He said that that book was written in English.
He said that many shop were being opened in the city centre.
Verb tenses Simple past Past continuous
Past perfect simple
Past perfect continuous Past perfect
simple Past perfect continuous
Past perfect simple
Past perfect continuous
Would
Would have
Past passive
Past passive continuous
MODALS
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
Can (ability, present) Can (ability, future)
May (possibility) May (permission,
present) May (permission,
future)
Could Would be able to
Might Could
Would be allowed to
Must (obligation, present)
Must / Had to
Must (obligation, future)
Needn't (necessity, present)
Needn't (necessity, future)
Shall (future time)
Must / would have to
Didn't have to / didn't need to Wouldn't have to
Would
Shall (offers, suggestions)
Will
Should Would
Direct speech Today
Tomorrow
now At the present Present , current
In one hour Last week, last night
Next year , next month, etc. Yesterday This evening ...days ago Tonight
In two week's time Ago
TIME
Reported speech
That day The next day / the following day At that moment / then
At the time Existing , current One hour later The week ,the night before The following year, the following month,etc. The day before
That evening ...days before
That night Two weeks later
before
PRONOUNS
Direct speech
Reported speech
I
he, she
me
him, her
my mine we
us our
his, her, the his, hers they them their, the
ours you you yours This these
theirs they, them their, the
theirs that, the those, the
this book
that book,
REPORTED QUESTIONS
Direct speech
Reported speech
Do you like ...? Will you come...? Are you feeling...?
Did you do...? Have you finished...?
Were you there last...?
What are you doing?
Where are you going?
Who are you here with?
When are you leaving?
How are you going to do it?
He asked me if I liked... He asked me if I would come... He asked me if I was feeling...
He asked me if I had done... He asked me if I had finished...
He asked me if I had been there last...
He asked me what I was doing.
He asked me where I was going.
He asked me who I was there with.
He asked me when I was leaving.
He asked me how I was going to do it.
REPORTED COMMANDS
Direct speech
Reported speech
Do your homework Don't talk in class
Be quiet
Dad told me to do my homework
My teacher told me not to talk in class
He told us to be quiet
Place
Direct speech
Reported speech
Here There in this room
there there in that room
REPORTED SUGGESTIONS
Direct speech
Reported speech
Let's watch a film.
Why don't you go to the doctor?
I don't think you should do it today.
He suggested watching a film. He suggested that we watch a film He suggested that I go to the doctor.
He suggested that I not do it that day.
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
1. 'What do you think of my new girlfriend?' he asked me. ASKED He ..............................................................his new girlfriend.
2. 'I'll call you tomorrow morning,' John promised. ME John promised that ................................................... day in the morning.
3. 'I have finished reading this book.' said the boy. SAID The boy ............................................. finished reading that book.
4. 'Why don't you come tonight?' SUGGESTED She ........................................................... that night.
5. 'You can finish the report tomorrow,' he told her. TOLD He ........................................... finish the report the following day.
6. `What time do you finish work today?' he asked John. ASKED He .......................................................work that day.
................
................
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