Pearland ISD



3.1: Body MembranesBody membranes ____________________________ and ______________________________ the body’s surfaces.376488116002000Epithelial membranesmucous membranesserous membranescutaneous membranesConnective tissue membranessynovial membranesEpithelial MembranesMucous membranesLine cavities _______________________________________________________These cavities include all the hollow organs of the _______________________________, ___________________________, _______________________________, and _______________________________________.The mucous membranes are _______________________________________Mucus is a slippery solution that _______________________________ the mucous membranes and _______________________________________________________________________.Serous membranesLine cavities ____________________________________________________________These include:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Each serous membrane forms ______________________________________________________________________The outer lining of each body cavity is called the _________________________________________ The inner lining that covers each organ within a body cavity is called the ______________________________________________________Serous membranes secrete a thin, clear fluid called ______________________________________________ between the __________________________________________________________________________________________ Cutaneous membranesForms what we know as _________________________The basic structure of skin is a _____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Although the skin contains sweat glands, it is a ___________________________________________________ Connective Tissue MembranesSynovial membraneThis is the only type of membrane in the body that is composed solely of connective tissue and includes no epithelial cells. lines the capsules that surround synovial joints, such as _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Secretes synovial fluid which provides ____________________________________________________3.2: The Integumentary SystemFunctions of the Integumentary SystemThe skin forms a protective cover against________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The skin’s outermost layer contains _________________________________________, a tough protein also found in ____________________________________________________________________________.Regulates body temperature due to the extensive array of tiny capillaries and sweat glands that lie near the surface of the skin. When the body is overheated, ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________When the environment is cold, _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________Anatomy of the SkinThe skin has two layersan outer _______________________________________________ an underlying _________________________________________The epidermis and dermis are ______________________________________________________________________ and ___________________________________________________________________________________________Beneath the dermis is the ______________________________________, or subcutaneous fascia, which serves as ____________________________________________________________________ 420306549530000The ____________________________________________________________, but it ________________________________________ ______________________________________________. It also __________________________________________________________ against extreme external temperatures.Layers of the EpidermisEpidermisIs the __________________________ of skin that we see. It contains ?ve layers of tissue: from super?cial to deep (the outside going in), ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________All epidermal layers consist of cells _______________________________________________________________The innermost layer, the stratum Basale, absorbs nutrients from the adjacent, underlying dermis. Stratum Basale:________________________________________________________________. As new cells germinate, they are pushed toward the surface and away from nutrients. ________________________________________________________________________________________, specialized cells that ___________________________ ____________________________________________Melanin, which ranges in color from reddish yellow to brown and black, is primarily ___________________________________________________ Stratum spinosum / granulosum:Moving up through the stratum spinosum and granulosum, cells become progressively ________________________________________________________________, which _______________________________________________________________________Stratum Lucidum:This is a _______________________________________________ found only on the __________________ ________________________, ________________________, __________________________, and ______________.Stratum Corneum: This is __________________________________________________, consists of dead cells that are _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The epidermis completely replaces itself every __________________________________________ The epidermis contains specialized cells:____________________________________________________ respond to the presence of foreign bacteria or viruses.413677929679100________________________________________, located in the stratum Basale, function as touch receptors. DermisThe dermis, or “______________________________,” is a dense, fibrous connective tissue composed of collagen and elastic fibers. The collagen fibers provide _______________________ and __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________The ________________________________________ are what ______________________________________________, without wrinkles or saggingThe outer layer of the dermis is the ___________________________________________ Some of the dermal papillae contain capillaries that _____________________________________________________. Other dermal papillae _______________________________________________________________________________________ These papillae form genetically determined, _____________________________________________________, ___________________________________________________________________________________. These papillae patterns on the fingers _____________________________________________________________________________. Underneath the papillary layer lies the reticular layer of the dermis. The reticular layer includes:_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Hypodermis The hypodermis, or subcutaneous fascia, includes ___________________________________________ and ______________________________ (fatty) tissue. It is within the hypodermis that lipocytes or fat cells, reside. Some amount of body ____________________________________________________________________________ the interior of the body. Fat also serves as a ______________________________________________________Appendages of the SkinSudoriferous (sweat) glands_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sebaceous glands_________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________3.3: Injuries and Disorders of the SkinInjuries of the SkinDecubitus ulcersThese are commonly known as _________________________________They are caused by an area of ____________________________________________________________________ to one or more areas of the body.Without the normal blood supply to provide nutrients and oxygen, the skin cells die.______________________________________________ is an important factor in both the prevention and healing of bedsores.BurnsThese are injuries that can ____________________________________________________________, ____________________________________________, electricity, or ____________________________________________Vary in severity:952507874000First-degree burns:affect only the __________________________________________________involve reddening of the skin and mild pain, ______________________________________________________________Most types of sunburn are first-degree burns. Second-degree burns:involve damage to ____________________________________________________ and the _____________________________________________________________________________ characterized by ________________________________, fluid-filled pockets that form between the epidermal and dermal layers. painful and ________________________________________ than first-degree burns. Third-degree burns:the most serious type of skin burn_______________________________________________________________initially not painful because the ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________Later, scarring and pain will occur. cannot heal on its own because the ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Treatment involves grafting skin over the damaged area.Clinicians use ___________________________________________ (pg. 5) to estimate the extent of burned tissue. The percentage of total body surface area covered by burns is approximated as follows: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Infections of the Skin and Membranes Viral infectionsProduce small, ____________________________________________________Once a herpes infection is present, it lasts for the rest of a person’s life. Fortunately, herpes infections tend to _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Human papillomavirus (HPV)____________________________________________________________________Fungal infections_________________________________________________________________________________They tend to be more prevalent during warm weather, They are more common in individuals whose work or sporting activities involve frequent periods of sweating.____________________________________________________________________characterized by cracked, flaky skin between the toes or on the side of the foot.____________________________________________________________________primarily affects males around the groin and scrotum.____________________________________________________________________does not involve any type of worm. red ring-shaped rash with a pale center somewhat resembles the shape of a worm.____________________________________________________________________infection under the nails of the fingers or toes. It causes discoloration and thickening of the infected nail.Bacterial infections____________________________________________________________________Highly contagious staphylococcus infection common in elementary school children. Its symptoms are pink, blister-like bumps, usually on the face around the mouth and nose, that develop a yellowish crust before they rupture.____________________________________________________________________Staphylococcus infection, is characterized by an inflamed area of skin that is red, swollen, and painful. The origin of cellulitis often is an open wound or ulceration. Inflammatory Conditions of the Skin and MembranesInflammation is a general response of bodily tissue to __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ It is a protective response that involves ________________________________________________________, along with specialized cells that attack infectious agents and destroy dead tissue.Pleurisy ___________________________________________________, the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and lungs. It can be caused by an infection, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis.makes smooth surface of pleura rough.Peritonitis _______________________________________________________________________The membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers the abdominal organs. Caused by the accumulation of blood, bodily fluids, or pus in the abdomen.Psoriasis _________________________________________________________________________________________________The condition is characterized by regions of thick, red skin with flaky, silver-white patches called scales that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleedCancers of the SkinBasal cell carcinomathe most common form of skin cancer It is caused by ____________________________________________________________________________ that push upward, forming dome-shaped bumps.Squamous cell carcinomaCaused by ____________________________________________________________________________________________ of the epidermis. Appear as a scaly, reddened patch that progresses to an ulcer-like mass with a raised border. malignant melanomaThe most serious form of cancer____________________________________________________________________ABCD ruleThe American Cancer Society advocates the ABCD rule for determining the presence of melanoma:____________________________________________________________________The shape of the mole is irregular. ____________________________________________________________________The outside borders are not smooth. ____________________________________________________________________More than one color is present. Melanomas may contain different shades of black and brown, blues, reds, or pinks. ____________________________________________________________________The mole size is larger than about one-quarter of an inch in diameter, or larger than the diameter of a pencil. ................
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