Objective: To examine the impact of the Crusades on Europe



The 13 English Colonies (1630 - 1750) – Lesson 5

Objective: To examine the similarities and differences between the three colonial regions.

New England Middle Colonies Southern Colonies

New England Colonies

Farming was difficult in New England because of:

• long winters

• thick forests

• rocky soil

* Fishing and trade became major industries in New England.

• In order to learn these skills, people became apprentices.

Apprentice - a person who learns a trade or craft from a master craftsworker.

|Colony |Founder |Reason Founded |

|Massachusetts: |1) William Bradford |1) Religious freedom for the Pilgrims |

|1) Plymouth |2) John Winthrop |2) Religious freedom for the Puritans |

|2) Massachusetts Bay | | |

|Connecticut |Thomas Hooker |Religious and political freedom |

|New Hampshire |Settlers of Massachusetts |Economic opportunities |

|Rhode Island |Roger Williams |Religious and political freedom |

Middle Colonies

• New York was first settled by the Dutch, then the English.

• Pennsylvania was originally a Quaker settlement.

• In time, Pennsylvania was settled by German-speaking Protestants

known as the Pennsylvania Dutch.

• Farmers exported grain such as wheat, barley, and rye.

• Therefore, the Middle Colonies became known as the Breadbasket Colonies.

|Colony |Founder |Reason Founded |

|New York |Dutch settlers |Religious freedom & economic opportunity |

|New Jersey |John Berkeley & |Religious freedom* & economic opportunity |

| |George Carteret* | |

|Pennsylvania |William Penn |Religious and political freedom |

|Delaware |Swedish settlers |Economic opportunity |

Southern Colonies

• The South has rich soil and a warm climate.

• Tobacco, rice, and indigo were grown on plantations.

• Planters, or plantation owners, relied on slave labor to accumulate massive wealth.

Plantation - large estate farmed by many workers

Commercial Farming vs. Subsistence Farming

commercial farming - farming for a profit, where food is produced by advanced technological means for sale in the market.

• Plantations in the Southern Colonies used slave labor before the Civil War, and sharecroppers after the war, to produce large quantities of crops for commercial distribution.

subsistence farming - farming where output is produced for consumption of the farmer and its family members and not for cash sale

• Most farmers in the South were subsistence farmers and did not own slaves.

|Colony |Founder |Reason Founded |

|Virginia |John Smith |Economic opportunities |

|Maryland |Lord Baltimore |Religious and political freedom for Catholics |

|The Carolinas |A group of 8 nobles |Economic opportunities |

|Georgia |James Oglethorpe |Economic opportunities for debtors & a defense buffer between the |

| | |British colonies and Spanish Colonies |

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Name __________________________ Class __________________________

Date __________________________ Teacher ________________________

…barrel

making.

…shipbuilding.

…lumbering.

…metal

working.

(blacksmith)

Maryland

…sailmaking.

New Hampshire

New Jersey

Delaware

Georgia

South Carolina

A growing

fishing industry

in New England

caused an

increase in…

North Carolina

Virginia

Pennsylvania

Maryland

Delaware

New Jersey

Connecticut

Rhode Island

New York

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

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