Richmond County School System
[Drawing][Drawing][Drawing][Drawing][Drawing][Drawing][Drawing][Drawing]????B. Environmental Issues.??Explain the causes and impacts of each Latin America issue???? 1. Air Pollution Mexico City- bowl-shape in a crater near mountains; holds pollution from cars & factories; SOLUTION: drive cars less; laws that control emissions; carpool; high pollution days close factories?????? 2. Deforestation in Amazon Rainforest: mass cutting of trees for timber & additional farmland. Laws to control deforestation, but area is too large enforce; contributes to Global Warning.?????? 3.? Oil-pollution Venezuela: oil spills pollute the water; Oil is the country’s largest natural resource making them most of their money. Solutions: better cleanups and modernization of equipment.??C. Identify factors that impact where people live and trade in Brazil: most people in Brazil live and trade? in Urban areas because jobs & industries are located in cities. The Rainforest is not easily inhabitable and the government does not want it developed.??II. ECONOMICS??? A.? Economic Systems Describe the 3 basic economic systems?1. Command-system where the factors of production (what goods are produced, how they are produced, for whom to produce, etc). are decided by the government.??2. Market – economic system where there is free enterprise where supply and demand, or the consumers and business owner, decide the factors of production.??3.? Traditional economy: original economic system in which traditions, customs and beliefs shape the goods and services the economy produces.??B.? Voluntary Trade?? 1. Specialization- production of one or a few goods or services to gain expertise in order to produce more goods in less time for less money.?????? a.? See above?????? b.? benefit:? to produce more goods in less time for less money.??????? c, How can specialization be a detriment to a country’s economy? If a country runs out of a natural resource able to produce the one/few item they specialized in, the country cannot make the money they once made…..their GDP falls.???? 2. NAFTA-North America Free Trade Agreement??????? a. who?? Canada, USA, Mexico??????? b. What? Act to enable countries to trade free of trade barriers??????? c.? When? 1994??????? d. Why? Ease trade barriers between neighboring countries (there have been consequences because the US has lost jobs to Mexico, where labor is cheaper.??C.? Economic Growth?? 1.? Describe how a country’s natural resources impacts it’s??????? a. GDP- If a country HAS natural resources, they can use them to produce goods, which? helps increase GDP.? If a country does not have natural resources, they might be unable to produce certain goods, which results in a lower GDP, and them having to buy from other countries, thus paying taxes and increasing the prices.?????????? b.? Imports and exports- If a country has to import natural resources, it will cost more to produce.? If a country has natural resources, they can export them to other countries making more money and increasing the GDP.??III. GOVERNMENT?? A. Describe the government of each of the following Latin American countries.??????? 1. Brazil: Brazil has a presidential democracy where the citizens vote for both the president and the legislature.? It is a federal system where powers are divided between the central and regional authorities.?????? 2. Mexico- Mexico has the same system as Brazil?????? 3. Cuba- Cuba has a dictatorship that is a unitary/autocratic system. It is run by the Communist party, where the Central Authority holds the power. The government controls all aspects of the government and economy.??IV.? HISTORY & CULTURE????? A.? Cultural Characteristics???????????? 1.? What 2 countries most influenced Latin America?? Spain and Portugal???????????? 2.? How can their influence be seen in LA today in terms of:???? a. Ethnic groups- Europeans mixed with Indigenous people—Mestizos?Europeans mixed with Africans – Mulattoes????? b.? Languages- most people of LA speak Spanish; Brazilians speak Portuguese. Both languages originated from Latin language family; therefore the area is known as Latin America????? c. Religion- both Spain and Portugal were mainly Roman Catholic countries sending missionaries to LA.? As a result, the major religion of LA is Roman Catholic.??? B.? European Impact on Indigenous Populations??????? 1.? describe the roles of:?a. Hernan Cortes-Cortes was a Spanish conquistador who landed in Mexico. He conquered the Aztecs. He killed the leader, Montezuma, after Montezuma gave them gold.? Cortes introduced new items from the Old World to the indigenous people, as well as took items back to the Old world from the New World. The Europeans introduced new diseases of the Old World, which killed many of the Aztecs.??b. Montezuma-conquered and killed by the Spanish led by Cortes?????????????? c.? Francisco Pizarro- conquered the Incas in Peru. The leader, Atahualpa, gave them a room full of gold, etc, but they later killed him.??d. Atahualpa- The leader of the Incans, who gave the Spanish a room full of gold, etc, but they later killed him.??2.? Columbian Exchange-Exploration led to an enormous exchange of people, plants, animals, technology and ideas that would change the lives of people.??a. who?? Old World (Europeans)—Africans----New World (Latin America)?b. what? Exchange of animals, plants, ideas, diseases, etc.? (began 1492 after Columbus????????????????????? arrived in the Americas)?c.? Where?? Trade between Old World (Europe)----Africa-----New World (Latin America)?d. Impacts on/of?????????????????? i. indigenous population; most indigenous people died from disease brought by Europeans . Diseases such as small pox came from Europe to New World. Indigenous people did not have immunity to the new diseases.????? ii. Agriculture: New plants were also introduced to LA, as well as sent to Europe. Corn, sweet potato, cocoa and tomatoes came from the New World.? Pigs, cattle, grapes, horses, wheat and sugar came from the Old World.????? iii. Horse- The Spanish first brought horses to Latin America. This aided in farming, travel, ??. After Europeans arrived in the Americas, they began colonizing to sell natural resources and open up trading. Europeans began farming and removing natural resources to send raw materials back to Europe.? Europe would process the natural resources into goods to sell to Africa and the New World. Africans were needed to supply labor for farming and mining after the indigenous people died from disease. Africans were used to the type of climate in LA, as well as being skilled miners.? With slaves being brought to LA, haciendas (Plantations) grew in size.??? C.? Independence Movements???????????? 1.? Describe the role each of the following played in independence movements?a. Miguel Hidalgo-Mexican priest who led the Mexican War for Independence against the Spanish.? He gathered poor farmers to revolt. Later he was killed by firing squad.?????????????? b.? Toussaint L’Ouverture-? was a slave in Haiti to masters who allowed him to learn to read and write.? He led the revolution against plantation owners. After independence, he named himself Governor for Life. Later, Napoleon, a French general, recognized Haiti’s independence. L’Ouverture was invited to France, where he was imprisoned and later died.??c.? Simon Bolivar-“The Liberator”-A creole who led the independence revolution in South America. He liberated Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, and Bolivia from Spanish rule.??D.? 20th Century Issues??????? 1. Cuban Revolution- Cuba gained independence from Spain in 1898.?a. Who? Batista became dictator?b. what? Many Cubans were poor….wealthy led everything and made the money.?c. when?? 1959 Fidel Castro led a revolution against Batista. He took absolute power and made??himself dictator, after the US helped him because he promised Cuba would be a democracy. He promised to redistribute wealth, make every Cuban literate,?and he wanted to give all Cubans healthcare and higher life expectancy?d. why? Cubans wanted less poverty, better education and healthcare?e. impacts on???? 1. Government and political parties- Castro organized a communist government with 1 political party.???? ii. Individuals’ rights and freedoms- Cubans lost most of their freedoms and rights.? Castro controlled the press, businesses, etc. Many Cubans exiled to the US.?? iii. American relations became strained. Americans who owned land and businesses in Cuba lost their property. Castro forced American civilians to leave Cuba. The Bay of Pigs?was US organized revolt against Cuba.? It failed.? The Soviet Union, which was also communist, became friends with Cuba, building a missile site. Tense times led to the Cuban Missile Crisis, with the US pointing missiles in Turkey towards the Soviet Union.?Due to the harsh events, US placed an embargo on goods from Cuba in 1962. The US hoped to pressure Cuba into changing their government and their restriction of personal freedoms of Cubans. The embargo is still in effect today, which led to poor economic times in Cuba.??2. Zapatista Movement??a. Who?? The Zapatistas are a guerilla group who support improved rights and living conditions for Mexico’s indigenous (native) people. They consist primarily of poor farmers and workers of indigenous American ancestry. The Zapatistas got their name from one of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution, Emiliano Zapata. In the first movement of 1910, Zapata teamed with poor farmers to help them get land back that the Mexican government and Hacienda had taken from them.????b. what? The Zapatistas want to eliminate the division between the social classes in Chiapas (wealthy vs. poor). They want improved healthcare, education improved living conditions, and more local control of agriculture and resources.??c. When? 1910 and 1994??d. Where? Morelas and Chiapas areas of Mexico??e. Why?? Zapatistas feel that the indigenous people of Mexico need more help to improve healthcare, housing, education, and jobs.? They were against Mexico becoming part of NAFTA because they thought it would hurt the poor of Mexico.???????????? ................
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