Bk05C - Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity (509 B



Chapter 5 Study Guide World History Ancient Rome

Know the below mention terms and describe who it or they impacted Ancient Rome

| |latifundia | |Virgil |

| |republic | |mercenaries |

| |Ptolemy | |legion |

| |heresy | |Augustine |

| |dictator | |imperialism |

Answer the following questions and or finish the below statements

1. In the early Roman republic, members of the landholding upper class were called what?

2. One reason why most conquered people remained loyal to Rome was that Rome……….

3. In the Punic Wars, Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating whom?

4. How did the senate change during the Roman Empire as compared to the republic?

5. What is the basic plot of the Aeneid?

6. Roman architecture emphasized…….

7. What is true about Jesus of Nazareth as it pertains to chapter 5?

8. To join the early Christian community, a person had to do what?

9. To try to restore order to the empire, Roman emperor Diocletian did what?

10. Large numbers of Germanic peoples crossed into the lands of the Roman empire in the late 300s to escape who?

11. During the early republic, why was it important that Roman laws were written on 12 tablets and shown to the public?

12. The ancient Romans developed their religious beliefs from……….

13. Describe in detail Roman society

14. Who was the great Carthaginian general who nearly defeated the Romans in the Second Punic War?

15. Julius Caesar’s enemies assassinated him because……..

16. Roman emperor Augustus ordered a census of the Roman Empire because…..

17. What was the popular Roman philosophy that stressed the importance of duty and acceptance of one’s fate?

18. The Romans used their engineering skills to build what?

19. A system of law that developed under the Roman republic and applied to citizens was called…….

20. Romans excused Jews from worshipping Roman gods because…..

21. Who made the greatest contribution toward setting Christianity on the road to becoming a world religion?

22. The highest-ranking official in the early Christian Church was the…………

23. What important change did the Roman emperor Constantine make in A.D. 313?

24. Under pressure from attacks, the first land surrendered by the Roman Empire was in…………

25. What contributed to the economic weakening of the late Roman empire?

SHORT ANSWER

Christian Symbols and the Catacombs

Beginning in the A.D. 100s, Christians began burying their dead beneath Rome in a series of tunnels called catacombs. They painted or drew some of the following symbols on the walls of the catacombs and tombs:

η The Good Shepherd carrying his sheep represents Christ and the soul that He has saved.

η The “orante” is a figure praying with open arms. This symbolizes the soul living in divine peace.

η The dove holding an olive branch symbolizes the soul that has attained peace in heaven.

η The Alpha and the Omega are the first and the last letters of the Greek alphabet. They signify that Christ is the beginning and the end of all things.

η The anchor is a symbol of salvation.

1. Demonstrate Reasoned Judgment Read the passage. Why did Christians draw symbols on the catacombs? What are the main themes expressed in the Christian symbols? What were Christians trying to accomplish by drawing symbols on the catacombs and tombs? How do you think these symbols may have helped to preserve and spread the Christian faith? Explain your answer.

Romulus and Remus

King Numitor was ousted from his kingdom by his brother Amulius who took his throne. Soon after, King Numitor’s daughter, Rhea Silvia, gave birth to the twins Romulus and Remus. They were the sons of Mars, the god of war. Amulius feared that the boys would one day seek his throne, so he set them adrift on the Tiber River in a reed basket. They floated downstream until the basket was caught in the branches of a fig tree. Here they were found by a she-wolf, who cared for them until a shepherd found them and took them in.

Once grown, the twins learned the story of their family. They killed Amulius and restored their grandfather to the throne. They decided to found a new city close to where they had been washed ashore. Reading omens of the flight of birds, they decided to build their city on Palatine Hill and that Romulus should be king. Remus made fun of his brother’s work on the city, and Romulus lost his temper and killed Remus. Romulus went on to name the city after himself. The traditional date of the founding of Rome is April 21, 753 B.C.

6. Analyze Information Read the passage. What clues does this story give about the ancient Romans’ sense of their own history and destiny?

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