Preparation of Soap Using Different Types of Oils and Exploring …
Preparation of Soap Using Different Types of Oils and Exploring its Properties
Submitted by Debesh Mishra
(109ch0476) Department of Chemical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Under the guidance of Dr. Susmita Mishra
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and the foremost, I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Susmita Mishra for her immense interest and enthusiasm on the project. She was always accessible and worked for hours with me. She was always kind and generous to me and lend me a helping at all stages of my project. She has been a constant source of encouragement for me. I would also like to thank Dr. RK Singh and Dr. HM Jena for the wonderful support they gave to me. I would also like to appreciate the efforts put in by my friends during various stages of my thesis preparation. I would also like to thank all technical assistants in our department for their constant help. Last but not the least, I wish to profoundly acknowledge my parents for their constant support.
Debesh Mishra 109ch0476
ABSTRACT
Soaps are the sodium salts or potassium salts of stearic acids or any other fatty acids. They are prepared by the saponification process, which is, reacting the oil which contain triglycerides with caustic soda (NaOH) to give the soap. However different oils have different composition of fatty acids which are responsible for different properties of soaps made out of them. In the present work 5 different types of oils are taken. They are blended in various ratios to prepare 14 different samples of soap. Different properties of these samples were analyzed to see which soap is the best one. The cleansing and lathering properties of all samples were compared. The blend of coconut oil and castor oil at 3:1 ratio is found out to be the best with 76.8% of TFM and 89.46% of yield. The best blend is analyzed for various properties and they were compared with that given in the literature. The saponification values, iodine values of coconut oil and castor oil were found out and these values were also found for the blend. It was found that the blend was having SAP value of 230.4 and iodine value of 40 which are higher than the individual values. Thus soap prepared using blend of both these oils has better properties than the soaps prepared by individual oils.
Sl.no
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.1 Chapter 3 3.1 3.2
3.2.1 3.2.2
3.2.3
CONTENTS
Subject Certificate Acknowledgement Abstract List of Tables Introduction Literature Review Semi Boiled Process Full Boiled Cold Process Different types of soap making oils Castor Oil Olive Oil Neem Oil Coconut Oil Materials and Methods Materials Required Methodology
Preparation of Soap Comparing different properties of soap with detergent Blending of Oils
Page.no
1 3 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16
17 18
3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3.2.10 Chapter 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 Chapter 5 Chapter 6
Calculation of TFM
19
Calculation of free alkali
20
Analysis of the best blend
20
Saponification Value
20
Iodine Value
21
Unsaponifiable Matter
22
Acid Value
22
Results and Discussion
23
Comparison of soap and detergent
23
Properties of soap after blending of oils
24
TFM values of soaps
27
Analysis of the best blend
27
Saponification Values
28
Iodine Values
28
Unsaponifiable Matter
29
Acid Value
30
Conclusion
31
References
31
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