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Knowledge Organiser: SECOND world war1War in Europe What German form of warfare was based on rapid movement and regular, concentrated attacks?Blitzkrieg2What countries did the Nazis conquer in 1940 and 1941?Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Yugoslavia, and Greece3From what port were Allied troops evacuated to Britain during the fall of France?Dunkirk4What was the Nazi-allied regime that took power in France after the German victory?Vichy France5What was the name of the Nazi air force?The Luftwaffe6What recent invention allowed the Royal Air Force to win the Battle of Britain?Radar7What was the name of Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941?Operation Barbarossa8What proportion of casualties in the Second World War were from the Soviet Union?More than half9What were two reasons why the invasion of the Soviet Union was unsuccessful?Blitzkrieg ineffective over great distances, and troops unprepared for winter10What city did the Germans fail to capture in the first week of December 1941?Moscow11British Home FrontWho was Winston Churchill’s rival for the position of Prime Minister?Lord Halifax, the Foreign Secretary12Why was it felt that Churchill had greater moral authority?He had opposed appeasement 13What was the German campaign of bombing major British cities?The Blitz14How were children protected during this bombing campaign?Evacuated to the country15What new weapons did the Germans develop to attack British cities late in the war?V-1 flying bombs and “V-2” rockets16What is the term for the mobilisation of an entire society for warfare?Total war17How many more women did government war work in the Second World War than in the First?Eight times as many18Which economist released a report in November 1942 proposing a national welfare system?William Beveridge19What were the “five great evils” that this economist identified in British society?Squalor, ignorance, want, idleness, and disease20Who was the Prime Minister who replaced Churchill after the war and used this report to build the welfare state?Clement Attlee21HolocaustWhat was the name for the SS killing squads who massacred Jews during Operation Barbarossa?Einsatzgruppen22At what conference in January 1942 did senior Nazis devise a plan to exterminate the Jews in death camps?The Wannsee Conference23How many Jews did the Nazis ultimately kill?Six million24In what occupied country did the Nazis establish their death camps?Poland25What were Jews told in order to persuade them to be transported to the death camps?That they were being resettled in eastern Europe26Name three of the six Nazi extermination camps.Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka27What slogan was written above the gates of one of these camps?“Work sets you free” (at Auschwitz)28In the death camps, what gas was used to kill the Jews?Zyklon B29After they were killed in the gas chambers, how were the bodies of the victims disposed?Burnt in giant crematoria30What was the name for the units of Jewish prisoners tasked with disposing of bodies in this way?Sonderkommandos31War in AsiaWhat party controlled the government of China during the 1930s and the Second World War?The Kuomintang (KMT), or Nationalists32What north-eastern region of China did Japan occupy in 1931?Manchuria33When did Japan invade China, beginning the Second World War in Asia?July 193734Why did Japan attempt to seize control of vast areas of East Asia and the Pacific in 1941 and 1942?To gain control of resources, especially oil35What American naval base suffered a surprise attack by Japan on 7 December 1941? Pearl Harbour36Who was the American President who brought the U.S.A into the war in response to this attack?Franklin D. Roosevelt37What key fortress of the British Empire fell to Japan on 15 February 1942?Singapore38What did the Japanese call their new Asian empire?The Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere39Why did many Japanese soldiers treat prisoners of war with such contempt and cruelty?They believed that surrender was shameful40At what naval battle in June 1942 did America halt Japanese expansion?Midway41End of the WarThe Germans were forced to start retreating from Russia after defeat in what battle?Stalingrad42How many Germans were killed by Allied bombing during the war?Over 400,00043What was the coding machine used by the Germans to encrypt military communications?Enigma44What British scientist led the team at Bletchley Park that cracked these codes?Alan Turing45What was the name for the Allied invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944?D-Day46What American general commanded the Allies in Europe in 1944-45?Dwight D. Eisenhower47How did Hitler die?Suicide by gunshot48What action did the USSR take against Japan in August 1945?Invaded Japanese-occupied territories49What was the name of the American research project in which the atomic bomb was developed?The Manhattan Project50On what two Japanese cities did America drop atomic bombs in August 1945?Hiroshima and Nagasaki51Royal Indian Army Service Corps was part of the British Expeditionary Force in 1940 campaign which ended in the evacuation of where?Dunkirk52On 10 October 1939, an aircraft of No. 10 Squadron Royal Australian Air Force based in England became the first Commonwealth air force unit to go into action when it undertook a mission to where?Tunisia53The first Canadian convoy of 15 ships bearing war goods departed Halifax just six days after the nation declared war, with two destroyers called?HMCS St. Laurent and HMCS Saguenay54Toward the end of WWII recruits were drawn from all over the British West Indies. What was the name of this unit?Caribbean Regiment55The East African campaign consisted of the British Middle East Command with troops from the United Kingdom, South Africa, British India, Uganda Protectorate, Kenya, Somaliland, West Africa, Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Sudan and Nyasaland. Who were they mainly fighting against?Italy / Italian East AfricaJuly ’37Japan invades ChinaJun ’41Germany invades the USSRJun ’44Allied forces invade Normandy Sep ’39Germany invades PolandDec ’41Japan bombs Pearl HarbourMay ’45Germany surrendersMay ’40Churchill becomes Prime MinisterFeb ’43USSR defeats Germany at Stalingrad Aug ’45Atomic bombs are dropped on Japan ................
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