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SI Worksheet #9BY123Meeting: 10/6/15 @ 2pm in CH 205What are the 4 main steps of Cellular respiration?1. Glycolysis2. Oxidation of Pyruvate3. Citric Acid Cycle4. Electron Transport ChainLabel the diagram of ETC belowNOTE: The intermembrane space (IMS) is the region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. The main function of the intermembrane space is oxidative phosphorylation.457200444500Discussion of Electron Transport Chain. How many ATP are produced per NADH and FADH2 molecules? Are there any exceptions to this rule?NADH made in Mitochondria worth = 2.5 ATP, if made in cytosol they are worth 2 ATP. FADH2 is worth 1.5 ATP per molecule of FADH2.Why do we end up with 36 ATP’s total when the math suggests that it should be 38? The reason we end up with 36 total instead of 38 ATP’s because it requires ATP to move the NADH’s from the cytosol into the mitochondria. These NADH molecules are not worth 2.5 ATP molecules but are only worth 2 ATP molecules. How many ATP molecules NADH’s and FADH2s are created by means of substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation? 4 ATP by SLP32 ATP by OxP*This assumes 100% efficiency, which is never reached. Reality is between 29-32. I think lab teaches 32. Label the chart below of the Krebs Cycle. 62691410795000 Where does the citric acid cycle take place? The citric acid cycle takes place inside the matrix of the mitochondria. What is the difference in substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?Substrate level phosphorylation directly produces ATP in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Involves an enzyme (kinase) moving a phosphate group off of a phosphorylated organic molecule and onto ADP creating ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation creates ATP using the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.89090537909400Label the chart belowTrue or false: Glycolysis requires oxygen. False. Glycolysis does not require oxygen, and therefore, by itself glycolysis is considered anaerobic respiration. Where does glycolysis occur? While most of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, glycolysis actually occurs in the cytoplasm.What does coupling reactions mean?The process of coupling reactions that are unfavorable with reactions that are favorable in order to make them “go.”What does the Hydrolysis of ATP result in?Water breaks ATP into ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate)What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?Anabolism is the building of somethingCatabolism is the breaking down of somethingWhich from questions 12 would you typically think of as endergonic? AnabolismIn order to speed up reactions in cells in the human body, we use heat. T or F False – EnzymesExplain the mechanisms that underlie enzymes regarding the enzyme substrate theory? Is it known as ”Lock and Key” or “Induced Fit Hypothesis”?Substrates bind to an enzyme at a place known as the active site. Once the substrates have bound to the active site the enzyme changes shape and caudles up to the substrates putting pressure on the bonds. The enzyme releases the product after it has been formed. The lock and key is no longer accepted, we now refer to enzymes as using the induced fit hypothesis.Another word for a non-protein organic molecule is ______________. What is an example of one?Coenzymes, NAD+) “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide”, they help enzymes do their thingWhat is an important example of a cofactor in the body?Mg 2+, most of the cofactors are metal ions that are important in transferring phosphatesPepsinogen is the active form of Pepsin, what is the importance and the mechanism that activates it from its inactive form to its active form?HCl cleaves off 42 amino acids, thus, revealing the active site… now it is no longer a zymogen and allowed to break down proteins in the stomach ................
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