Students' Niche – 24X7 E-Learning Zone by Dr.S.Aiman Hashmi



Poem .1. My Mother at Sixty Six

Poet: Kamala Das

Summary of the poem:

The poet is driving to the airport in Cochin from her p[parent’s home. Her mother is accompanying her to the airport. The poet is distressed that her mother is ageing. She compares her pale and lifeless face with that of a corpse. The thought of losing her upsets the poet. She wishes to brush aside this painful thought and she looks at the energized children and the sprinting trees that symbolize energy and life. At the airport, the poet and her mother apart. The poet yet again compares her mother’s face with the dull late winter moon. Her childhood fear of losing her mother – the inevitable pains her but she tries to conceal her fear by smiling and optimistically saying, “See you soon, Amma.”

Important Extracts:

(i) Driving from my parent's home to Cochin last Friday

morning, I saw my mother,

beside me, doze, open mouthed,

her face ashen like that

of a corpse

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Where was the poet going & when? |1. The poetess, Kamala Das was going to Cochin on Friday morning. |

|2. What did she see beside her? |2. She saw her mother beside her on the seat. She was dozing with open mouth.|

|3. Who is ‘I' here? |3. The poetess, Kamala Das. |

|4. How did her face look like? |4. Her face looked colour of a corpse. |

(ii) and realized with pain

that she thought away, and

looked but soon

put that thought away, and

looked out at young

trees sprinting, the merry children

spilling out of their homes

|Comprehension Questions: |Answers |

|1.What did the poetess realize? |1.The poetess realized the deep pain in heart to see her mother’s face like that |

| |of a corpse. |

|2.How did she put away that thought? |2.She put away that thought by looking at the outside world. |

|3.What did she look out? |3.She looks out at young trees running & the merry children coming out of their |

| |homes. |

|4.What do the children signify? |4.The children signify life, vitality, movement and happiness. |

(ii) but after the airport's

security check, standing

a few yards away,

I looked again at her, wan, pale

as a late winter's moon and

felt that old familiar ache,

my childhood's fear,

|Comprehension Questions |Answers |

|1. Who is ‘I’ here? |1. The poetess. |

|2. Who is ‘Amma’ in the lines? |2. Her mother. |

|3. What did the poetess say to her? |3. The poetess said to her mother ‘see you soon, Amma’. |

|4. What did the poetess conduct herself at that time? |4. She smiled, smiled & smiled. |

Practice Task

Answer the following in 30-40 words:

Q.1. Why does the poet smile and what does she say while bidding goodbye to her mother?

Ans. She could only keep smiling and tell her ‘see you soon’ knowing full well that she might not see her.

Q.2. What does the poet’s mother look like?

Ans.The poet's mother looks wan and pale which the poet has tastefully compared to a late winter's moon.

Q.3.What poetic devices has the poet used in the poem?

Ans.The most used poetic device by the author is simile. She uses it in both cases to describe her mother’s wan look - "ashen like a corpse" & "pale as a late winter's moon.

Poem: 2 An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum

Poet: Stephen Spender

Summary of the poem:

In this poem, Stephen Spender has brought out the miserable condition of the children studying in an elementary school in a slum. The children in the classroom are pale and unhealthy and some are even diseased. Their unkempt and dull hair has been compared to rootless weeds. One of the girls is apparently burdened with the miseries of poverty. One of the boys has inherited his father’s disease and has stunted growth. Another student is sitting unnoticed and he is yearning to play outdoors. The donations given to the school in the form of pictures, paintings and maps are meaningless for the children. They exhibit the world of the elite and the privileged while the children in the slum have a future that is sealed and confined to the slum. Their future is dark and limited. The donations on the walls only add to the frustration of the children. They are tempted to attain what would be unattainable for them. The only hope for them is the support from powerful people like the governor, inspector or an influential visitor. The children in the slum can progress only if they are given good education and the freedom to move into a world of opportunities and progress. The poet also states that history is made only by those people who have the power of knowledge. Hence, educating and letting the children into a free world of opportunities would release them from the suffocating, wretched life in a slum.

Important Extracts

(i) Far - far from gusty waves these children’s faces.

like rootless weeds, the hair torn round their pallor:

the tall girl with her weighed-down head. The paper-seeming boy, with rat’s eyes. The stunted, unlucky heir.

Of twisted bones, reciting a father’s gnarled disease,

His lesson, from his desk. At back of the dim class

One unnoted, sweet and young. His eyes live in a dream,

Of squirrel’s game, in tree room, other than this.

|Comprehension Questions |Answers |

|1. Who is the poet? |1. The poet is Stephen Spender |

|2. Where do these children live? |2. They live in the slum at Tyrol valley far from the gusty waves. |

|3. What is the condition of these children? |3. They have pale faces, torn hair scattered on faces, paper seeming, having |

| |rat’s eyes with twisted bones. |

|4. Why is the boy unlucky heir? |4. The boy is unlucky heir because he is suffering from the hereditary gnarled |

| |disease. |

(ii) On sour cream walls, donations, Shakespeare’s head,

Cloudless at dawn, civilized dome riding all cities.

Belled, flowery, Tyrolese valley. Open-handed map

Awarding the world its world. And yet, for these

Children, these windows, not this map, their world,

Where all their future’s painted with a fog,

A narrow street sealed in with a lead sky

Far far from rivers, capes, and stars of words.

|Comprehension questions |Answers |

|1. Who is being described in the lines? |1. A young , sweet boy is described here. |

|2. What is he doing? |2. He is dreaming the game of squirrel. |

|3. What does he has in his eyes? |3. He has dreams of other places as well. |

|4. Why is the class room dim? |4. It is dim because there is no proper facility of light. |

(iii) Surely, Shakespeare is wicked, the map a bad example,

With ships and sun & love tempting them to steal-

For lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes

From fog to endless night? On their slag heap, these children

Wear skins peeped through by bones & spectacles of steel

With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones.

All of their time and space are foggy slum.

So blot their maps with slums as big as doom.

|Comprehension questions |Answers. |

|1. What is the condition of the classroom wall? |1. The creaming layer of walls is falling down |

|2. What are the two things mentioned to show a civilized |2. The Shakespeare's statue & the high rising dome point out that of a |

|race? |civilized race. |

|3. What is the specialty of the Tyrolese valley? |3. It is full of coloured flowers & resonated with the bells. |

|4. Explain: ‘Awarding the world its world’. |4. The rich & the dictators award & divide this world of rich & powerful |

| |people. |

(iv) Unless, governor, inspector, visitor,

This map becomes their window &these windows

That shut upon their lives like catacombs,

Break O break open till they break the town

And show the children to green fields, & make their world

Run azure on gold sands, and let their tongues

Run naked into books the white & green leaves open

History theirs whose language is the sun.

Catacombs – a long underground gallery

|Comprehension questions |Answers |

|1. What is the world of these children? |1. Their classroom windows are their world. |

|2. How does the poet present their future here? |2. The poet called that their future is painted with fog. |

|3. How are these children sealed? |3. The narrow lanes of the slum are sealed by the lead sky which keeps them |

| |imprisoned here. |

|4. Explain: ‘For these children, these windows-are world.|4. They have no access to the outer world of wisdom. Their classroom is their|

| |world. |

|5. What does the map on the wall signify? |5. It signifies a limitless world of opportunities but these are meant for |

| |the rich, educated & powerful people rather than the slum children. |

Practice Task

Answer the following in 30-40 words:

Q.1. Describe the condition of the slum children.

Q.2. Why is the future of the children a bleak one?

Q.3. Who are the who create history?

Poem: 3.Keeping Quiet

Poet: Pablo Neruda

Summary of the poem:

In this poem, the poet has emphasized the need to introspect and bring in the spirit of brotherhood among the people of the world. He wants people to stop talking and stop all movements symbolizing agitation and restlessness till he counts twelve, that is, a short period of time. These moments of silence would be strange and exotic because in our mundane life we are working towards selfish goals, regardless of the other’ requirements and emotions. Hence, this sudden silence would give us an opportunity to introspect. Since we would not speak for a while, barriers between communities would break and a sense of brotherhood would prevail. Man would get an opportunity to realize how he is destroying nature and how he is harming himself. Futile wars against men and nature would be arrested and a new feeling of unity would be experienced. The poet does not want his desire for inactivity to be misunderstood as a state of uselessness. He wants men to learn a lesson from the Earth. The Earth appears to be inactive yet it is selflessly productive. Men too could be productive and progressive without any aggression, selfishness and the urge for destruction.

Important Extracts:

(i) Now we will count to twelve

and we will all keep still.

This one time upon the earth,

let's not speak any language,

let's stop for one second,

and not move our arms so much

|Comprehension questions | Answers |

|1. Name the poem and the poet. |1. The poem is Keeping Quiet and the poet is Pablo Neruda |

|2. What does the poet ask us to do? |2. The poet asks us to count to twelve and keep still. |

|3. What should we not do on the earth for a second? |3. We should not speak in any language on the earth for a second. |

|4. What is his real purpose in saying all this? |4.His real purpose in saying all this is that we should stop all our |

| |activities for a while and have a quiet introspection. |

(ii) it would be an exotic moment

without rush, without engines,

we would all be together

in a sudden strangeness.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Who is the poet of these lines? |1. The poet of these lines is Pablo Neruda |

|2. What kind of moment it will be? |2. When we will be silent and still, it would be an exotic moment. |

|3. What all of us will feel at that moment? |3. We feel and enjoy sudden strangeness and unusual. |

|4. Give the meaning of ‘exotic’. |4. Enticing |

(ii) Fishermen in the cold sea

would do not harm to the whales

and the man gathering salt

would look at his hurt hands.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. What would the fishermen not do? |1. They would not harm whales. |

|2. What would the man gathering salt do? |2. He would look at his hurt hands. |

|3. Which professions are mentioned in these lines? |3. One is ‘fishing’ and the other is ‘salt gathering’. |

|4. What transformation will come in the people the poet is |4. They will come out of their greed, selfishness and cruelty. |

|talking of? | |

(iii) Those who prepare green wars,

wars with gas, wars with fire,

victories with no survivors,

would put on clean clothes

and walk about with their brothers

in the shade, doing nothing.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. What are the different wars mentioned in these lines? |1. The wars mentioned are green wars, wars with gas and wars with fire.|

|2. What do you think is meant by green wars? |2. Green wars (bio-chemical) mean new and fresh wars caused by men all |

| |over the world. |

|3. What advice does the poet impart on the war-mongers? |3. He advises the war-mongers to stop wars and to put on clean clothes |

| |to be in the company of their brothers. |

(iv) What I want shouldn't be confused

with final inactivity:

life alone is what matters,

I want nothing to do with death.

| Comprehension Questions | Answer |

|1. Who does ‘I’ refer to? |1. I’ refers to the poet, Pablo Neruda. |

|2. What is it that should not be confused with total |2. It is the moment of silence and stillness. It should not be |

|inactivity? |confused with total inactivity. |

|3. With whom does the poet not want to deal with? |3. The poet does not want to have any dealing with death. |

|4. Explain: ‘no truck with death’. |4.By keeping quiet the poet doesn’t want us to be like death, we are|

| |very much alive on that moment and Earth can prove we are not dead |

| |but alive. |

(v) Perhaps the earth is teaching us

when everything seems to be dead

and then everything is alive.

Now I will count to twelve

and you keep quiet and I'll go.

| Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. What can earth teach us? |1. The Earth can teach us how to live on it? |

|2. When everything seems dead, what remains alive? |2. When everything seems to be dead, Earth remains alive. |

|3. Why is the narrator willing to count up to twelve? |3. The narrator is willing to count up to twelve as he is preparing |

| |to go. He asks us to keep quiet. |

|4. Trace the word that means –‘living’. |4. Living – alive. |

Practice Task

Answer the following in 30-40 words:

Q.1. How would man benefit by being still for a while?

Q.2. Why does the poet refer to the fishermen and the man gathering salt?

Q.3. How can war be brought to an end?

Poem :4. A Thing of Beauty

Poet: John Keats

Summary:

In this poem, the poet has brought out the unlimited joys attained from nature. He feels that a beautiful thing of nature gives us unlimited joy and its beauty never decreases, rather it is everlasting. Despite the paucity of noble people, the increasing number of evils in the world and days of gloom, man finds relief and joy in the beauty of nature. He refers to the sun, the moon, trees, flowers, shrubs and streams as a constant source of joy for men and animals. We get joy by reading the tales of the brave and mighty people of the past but the joy received from nature is limitless and incomparable.

Important Extracts:

i) A thing of beauty is a joy for ever:

Its loveliness increases; it will never

Pass into nothingness; but still will keep

A bower quiet for us, and a sleep

Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. What is being said by John Keats to be ‘a joy |1. The poet says that a thing of beauty is a joy forever. |

|forever’? | |

|2. What is peculiar about a beautiful thing? |2. A beautiful thing is a source of joy forever. Its loveliness goes |

| |on enhancing. |

|3. What can a beautiful thing do for the human beings? |3. A beautiful thing gives us a sleep full of sweet dreams, health and|

| |a peaceful breathing. |

|4. In what way does beauty keep a bower quiet for us? |4. When we tired, tensed, the thing of beauty heals our sorrows and |

| |restores happiness for us again. |

(ii)Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing

A flowery band to bind us to the earth,

Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth

Of noble natures, of the gloomy days,

Of all the unhealthy and o'er-darkn'd ways

Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all,

|Comprehension Questions |Answers |

|1. Why are we weaving a flowery band? |1. We are weaving a flowery band that keeps us binding to the earth.|

|2. What dearth does the poet talk of? |2. It is the dearth of noble natures among the human beings. |

|3. What are the evil things that one possess? |3. We possess malice of disappointment, lack of noble qualities and |

| |unhealthier ways. |

(iii) Some shape of beauty moves away the pall

From our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon,

Trees old and young, sprouting a shady boon

For simple sheep;

|Comprehension Questions |Answers |

|1. What removes away the pall from our evil spirits? |1. Some shape of beauty removes away the pall from our evil spirits |

|2. Who do germinate a shady boon and for whom? |2. The sun., the moon, the trees and the nature germinate a shady boon |

| |for sheep and the human beings. |

|3. What is the common thing that the poet points out? |3. The poet points out that nature have endless things of beauty. They |

| |give us happiness. |

(iv) and such are daffodils

With the green world they live in; and clear rills

That for themselves a cooling covert make

'Gainst the hot season; the mid-forest brake,

Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms:

|Comprehension Questions |Answers |

|1. Name the flowers described in these lines? |1. Daffodils and musk-rose are the flowers. |

|2. What are the other natural ecosystems named here and what |2. The clear small streams, the green world are the ecosystems |

|do they do? |mentioned here. They make for themselves a cooling covert. |

|3. What makes the mid-forest brake rich? |3. The mid-forest brake is made rich by the blooming of beautiful musk |

| |roses. |

|4. Find out the word that means – ‘small streams’. |4. Small streams – rills. |

(v) And such too is the grandeur of the dooms

We have imagined for the mighty dead;

An endless fountain of immortal drink,

Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink

|Comprehension Questions |Answers |

|1. Who is ‘mighty dead’ here? |1. The mighty dead is the ancient powerful and brave man who had noble |

| |deeds in his past. But now he is dead. |

|2. What is lovelier than all lovely tales that we have heard |2. The beauty of daffodils, rills and musk rose is lovelier than the |

|or read? |tales we have read or heard. |

|3. What is the immortal drink? Where does it come from to us? |3. Nectar is the immortal drink. It comes to us from the heaven. |

|4. Explain: ‘Grandeur of the dooms’. |4. Grandeur of dooms’ means the magnificence that we imagine for our |

| |mighty dead forefathers on the Doom’s Day. |

Practice Task

Answer the following in 30-40 words:

Q.1. How can we say that a thing of beauty is a joy forever?

Q.2.What is it that moves away the pall from our dark spirits? In what forms does it do so?

Q.3.How do the daffodils and the clear rills make their attractive cooling cover the hot season?

Poem:5 A Road Side Stand

Poet: Robert Frost

Summary:

In this poem Robert Frost has brought out the apathy of the rich, city dwellers towards the poor, roadside shed owners. The owners have made a new shed with a hope of selling his vegetables and fruits to the city dwellers who passes by in their cars. But unfortunately, the rich and sophisticated people of the city are insensitive to the needs of the shed owners, the latter’s desire is to sell their goods and earn an amount sufficient for their survival. The powerful and influential people had promised them support but now the shed owners feel let down and cheated. They have also heard that they would be moved to villages, closer to the market area and theatre. Here, they are told that they will not have to worry about their earnings and would sleep peacefully at night. In reality, the so-called benefactors would benefit from this move and not the shed owners. They would simply lose their hold on their land and would be dislodged, giving them sleepless nights once again. The poet is unable to bear the pitiable plight of the shed owners who wait for a car to stop. He car do stop occasionally but the passengers have their own selfish motives to achieve. One of them stops to inquire the pieces of the vegetables, another stops to reverse the car and yet another to merely ask where the road leads. The poet is alarmed when someone stops at a shed to ask for a gallon of gas. The poet is agonized to see the miseries of the shed owners and he hopes that one day someone would come to their rescue.

Important Extracts:

i) The little old house was out with a little new shed

In front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped,

A road side stand that too pathetically pled,

It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread,

But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports

The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Where has the road side stand been set up? |1. The roadside stand has been set up in front of an old house at the edge |

| |of the road. |

|2. How does the road passing through the village |2. The village road appears with a fats running of traffic. |

|appear? | |

|3. What would not be fair to say and why? |3. It would not be fair to say that the roadside stand had been put up for |

| |a dole of bread. It was put up to sell some cheap common things. |

|4. What is that supports ‘the flower of cities’? |4. It is flow of money that supports the ‘flower of cities’, i.e. all the |

| |best part of city life. |

(ii) The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead,

Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts

At having the landscape marred with the artless paint

Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong

Offered for sale wild berries in wooden quarts,

Or crook-necked golden squash with silver warts,

Or beauty rest in a beautiful mountain scene.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. What do you understand by the polished traffic?|1. The fats moving refined traffic of cars is the polished traffic. |

|2.How did one who looked aside a moment feel? |2. He felt irritated that the beauty of the landscape had been marred. |

|3. What was thought to mar the landscape? |3. The artless paint of signs on the roadside stand was thought to mar the |

| |beauty of the landscape. |

|4. Which word in the stanza means- ‘fading’? |4. Withering |

iii) The hurt to the scenery wouldn’t be my complaint

So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid:

Here far from the city we make our roadside stand

And ask for some city money to feel in hand

To try if it will not make our being expand.

And to give us the life of the moving-pictures promise

That the party in power is said to be keeping from us.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Who made a road side stand and where? |1. The poor rural people made a roadside stand in their village that was far |

| |from city. |

|2. Who wanted to feel the money in hand? |2. The rural folk wanted to feel money in hand from the city folk. |

|3.Who hoped to be helped and by whom? |3. The rural folk hoped to be helped by the city people. |

|4. What was the promise made and who made it? |4. The promise was made to give a life a motion picture to the poor people. It |

| |was made by the government. |

iv) It is in the news that all these pitiful kin

Are to be bought out and mercifully gathered in

To live in villages, next to the theatre and the store,

Where they won’t have to think for themselves anymore.

While greedy good-doers, beneficent beasts of prey,

Swarm over their lives enforcing benefits

That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits,

And by teaching them how to sleep they sleep all day,

Destroy their sleeping at night the ancient way.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. What was in the news? |1. The news was about the resettlement of the poor and rural people. |

|2. Where were the people to be settled? |2. The people were to be settled in villages next to the theatre and the store.|

| |They would be closed to the cities. |

|3. Who are the ‘pitiful kin’ here? |3. The poor rural folk and the farmers. |

|4. Who will actually benefit from this move? |4. The benefactor would benefit from this move and not the shed owners. |

v) The sadness that lurks near the open window there,

That waits all day in almost open prayer

For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car,

Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass,

Just one to inquire what a farmer’s prices are,

And one did stop, but only to plow up grass

In using the yard to back and turn around.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Who waits for whom? |1. The rural people wait for customers. |

|2. Why have the cars been called selfish? |2. The cars have been called selfish because they do not stop for their own |

| |selfish motives to achieve not to purchase anything.. |

|3. When do the cars stop? |3. One of them stops to inquire the prices of the vegetables and other stops to|

| |reverse the car |

vi) No, in country money, the country scale of gain,

The requisite lift of spirit has never been found ,

Or so the voice of the country seems to complain,

I can’t help owing the great relief it would be

To put these people at one stroke out of their pain.

And then next day as I come back into the sane,

I wonder how I should like you to come to me

And offer to put me gently out of my pain.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Who is anguished at the plight of the stand |1. The poet, Robert Frost is anguished at the plight of the stand owner because|

|–owners? Why? |the cars do stop occasionally but the passengers have their own selfish motives|

| |to achieve. |

|2. What does the poet expect one day? |2. He hopes that one day someone would come to their rescue. |

|3. How will the poet feel a great relief? |3. The poet will feel a great relief if the villagers are freed out of their |

| |pain by the city people. |

Practice Task

Answer the following in 30-40 words:

Q.1. What were the various things put up at the stand for sale?

Q.2. Why were the shed owners disappointed with the city dwellers?

Q.3. What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stand?

Poem: 6.Aunt Jennifer's tigers

Poet: Adrienne Rich

Summary:

The poet has brought out the desire of a woman for freedom and strength. Aunt Jennifer embroidered bright yellow tigers on a screen. They prance about freely, fearlessly and confidently in the open spaces of a green forest. In contrast, Aunt Jennifer is nervous and frail. She finds it difficult to even pull the ivory needle that she uses to make her embroidery. The wedding ring around her finger is symbolic of the burden of commitments and bindings of married life that take away her freedom and confidence to live life the way she desires. When she dies, her wedding ring will continue to exhibit her burdened life. Unlike her, the tigers have been immortalized and will continue to prance about freely, confidently and fearlessly.

Important Extracts:

(i) Aunt Jennifer's tigers prance across a screen,

Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.

They do not fear the men beneath the tree;

They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Name the poem & the poet. |2. The poem is’ Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ and the poet Adrienne Rich. |

|2. What are Aunt’s tigers doing? |2. They are jumping across a screen. |

|3. How do the prancing tigers look like? |3. They look like shining topaz denizens. |

|4. What do the tigers do on seeing men? |4. They don’t fear the men beneath the tree. |

ii) Aunt Jennifer's finger fluttering through her wool

Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.

The massive weight of Uncle's wedding band

Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer's hand.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Why are the fingers fluttering? |1. The fingers are fluttering because she is underweight to fear from the |

| |dominance of her husband as well as the family life. |

|2. What does ‘the massive weight of uncle’s |2. It depicts Aunt’s suffering. The wedding band refers to the engagement |

|wedding band’ depict? |ring and also the metal band that keeps her chained. |

|3. Why did she create animals which were so |3. She bore all the suffering very meekly. So, she created tigers that |

|different from her own character? |represent her silent revolt against uncle’s marriage bands and her |

| |suffering. |

(iii) When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie

Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.

The tigers in the panel that she made

Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.

|Comprehension Questions | Answers |

|1. Who is Aunt referred to and what she has mastered by? |1. She is Aunt Jennifer. She has mastered by her ordeals. |

|2. Where were the tigers made and who did so? |2. The tigers were made in the panel by aunt. |

|3. What will the tigers do when Aunt is dead? |3. They will continue jumping across the screen. |

|4. How do the tigers look? |4. They look like proud and unafraid. |

i) What is suggested by the image massive weight of uncle’s wedding band?

ii) What are the ordeals Aunt Jennifer is surrounded by?

iii) What is the meaning of ringed ?

iv) Why do you think Aunt created animals that are different from her character?

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