Biology with Mrs. McGaffin



2857500323850Background Information:-3568702078355Review Questions:1) What is the role of ATP in the cells?2) What is needed in order to make ATP in the cells? (Called reactants)3) What gas is produced as a waste product of aerobic cellular respiration?020000Review Questions:1) What is the role of ATP in the cells?2) What is needed in order to make ATP in the cells? (Called reactants)3) What gas is produced as a waste product of aerobic cellular respiration?Cells require lots of energy. Cells use energy to build or break apart molecules, move molecules and ions into and out of the cell, build new cells, repair parts of cells, send signals to other cells and for the cells to move. Cells use the molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to provide immediate energy for the cell. In eukaryotes (plants, animals, protists, and fungus) ATP is primarily made in the mitochondria during the process of aerobic cellular respiration. Aerobic cellular respiration uses oxygen and sugar (glucose) to power the process of making ATP. The waste products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide and water.47863132028825Systems:3907477674560Animals must be able to access oxygen in their cells quickly when needed for cellular respiration and must get rid of the carbon dioxide made in the process. The circulatory system in humans transports gases to and from the cell. The heart pumps the blood that carries the gases and these gases diffuse from the capillaries into and out of cells. The respiratory system brings in oxygen to the body and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The alveoli in the lungs is the place where oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs.Sugar (glucose) is brought into the body through the digestive system. It is transported to the cells through the circulatory system.The body must maintain a certain amount of oxygen and sugar in the blood to be available to cells. If the amount gets too low cells will not be able make ATP and will run out of energy. The body must also get rid of carbon dioxide. If the level of carbon dioxide gets too high the blood will become acidic and cells will die because they are not able to produce ATP. The ability of the body to maintain its internal environment is called homeostasis. The nervous system helps the body maintain homeostasis. An area of the brain called the medulla oblongata has receptors that are sensitive to the carbon dioxide content of the blood. There are also receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries (circulatory system) that are sensitive to both the carbon dioxide content and the pH of the blood. When the carbon dioxide concentration rises or when the pH lowers the breathing control center of the brain is stimulated and it sends a message to the diaphragm to contract and the breathing rate increases. It is interesting to observe that the oxygen content of the blood does not directly affect the activity of the breathing control center of the brain.Exercising increases the muscle cells need for oxygen and glucose as well as increased carbon dioxide removal. The speed that the heart pumps (heart rate) affects how quickly these molecules are moved around the body. The faster the heart rate, the faster the movement of the molecules. Breathing rate affects how quickly your body takes in additional oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. In this lab you will see if increasing the need for ATP in muscle cells by exercising causes the body to respond to maintain homeostasis. You will be looking to see if there is a relationship between heart rate and breathing rate.Review Questions:4) Identify the function of each of the following systems in helping a cell be able to create ATP.A. Respiratory System:B. Circulatory System:C. Digestive System:D. Nervous System5) How does the brain monitor and respond to changes in CO2 levels in the blood? ................
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