English as a global language - Cultural Diplomacy
[Pages:229]English as a global language
Second edition
David Crystal, world authority on the English language, presents a lively and factual account of the rise of English as a global language and explores the whys and wherefores of the history, current status and future potential of English as the international language of communication. English has been lauded as the most `successful' language ever, with 1,500 million speakers worldwide; but Crystal avoids taking sides and tells the story in a measured but engaging way, backed by facts and figures. This new edition of his classic book contains extra sections (on subjects including the linguistic features of New Englishes, the future of English as a world language, and the possibility of an English `family' of languages), footnotes and a full bibliography. There are updates throughout. This is a book for anyone of any nationality concerned with English: teachers, students, language professionals, politicians, general readers and anyone with a love of the language.
DAVI D CRYSTAL is one of the world's foremost authorities on language. He is author of the hugely successful Cambridge encyclopedia of language (1987; second edition 1997), Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language (1995), Language death (2000), Language and the Internet (2001) and Shakespeare's words (2002, with Ben Crystal). An internationally renowned writer, journal editor, lecturer and broadcaster, he received an OBE in 1995 for his services to the study and teaching of the English language. His edited books include several editions of The Cambridge encyclopedia (1990?2000) and related publications, Words on words (2000, with Hilary Crystal) and The new Penguin encyclopedia (2002).
English as a global language
Second edition
DAVID CRYSTAL
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, S?o Paulo
Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York Information on this title: 9780521823470
? David Crystal 1997, 2003
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2003
ISBN-13 978-0-511-07862-0 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-10 0-511-07862-5 eBook (NetLibrary)
ISBN-13 978-0-521-82347-0 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-82347-1 hardback
ISBN-13 978-0-521-53032-3 paperback ISBN-10 0-521-53032-6 paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Contents
List of tables Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition
1 Why a global language? What is a global language? What makes a global language? Why do we need a global language? What are the dangers of a global language? Could anything stop a global language? A critical era
2 Why English? The historical context Origins America Canada The Caribbean Australia and New Zealand South Africa South Asia Former colonial Africa South-east Asia and the South Pacific A world view
page vii ix xii
1 3 7 11 14 25 27
29 30 31 36 39 40 43 46 49 54 59
v
Contents
3 Why English? The cultural foundation
72
Political developments
78
Access to knowledge
80
Taken for granted
83
4 Why English? The cultural legacy
86
International relations
86
The media
90
The press
91
Advertising
93
Broadcasting
95
Cinema
98
Popular music
100
International travel
104
International safety
106
Education
110
Communications
114
The right place at the right time
120
5 The future of global English
123
The rejection of English
124
Contrasting attitudes: the US situation
127
New Englishes
140
The linguistic character of new Englishes
147
Grammar
147
Vocabulary
158
Code-switching
164
Other domains
168
The future of English as a world language
172
An English family of languages?
177
A unique event?
189
References
192
Index
202
vi
List of tables
1 Speakers of English in territories where the language has had special relevance
2 Annual growth rate in population in selected countries, 1996?2001
3(a) Some differences in British and American adverbial usage
(b) Specific adverb+adjective pairs showing differences in conversational usage
4 Some potentially distinctive grammatical features of New Englishes
5 Some distinctive collocations and idioms noted in Pakistan, Nigeria and Ghana
page 62 71
150 150 153 163
vii
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