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Course Topic: Abnormal Psychology & Treatment of Psychological DisordersTopics Weight on AP Exam: 7%-9%, 5%-7%Textbook Reading:Unit XII | Abnormal Behavior, Unit XIII | Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Module 65, Module 66, Module 67, Module 68, Module 69, Module 70, Module 71, Module 72, Module 73Complete List of Terms, Page 716, 762-763Lesson: Student Directed Mind Maps OutlineReading Guides for Modules (Student Directed)Learning Targets Check (Study Guide) Name: Period: Dates to KnowTerms Quiz anytimeUnit Exam _Students show understanding of new material from the textbook reading and process or apply the new informationEssential Questions ? How do we definepsychological disorders?? How are psychologicaldisorders different from“normal” behavior?? What are psychologicaldisorders?? What are the implications ofthe label “psychologicaldisorder”?? Why are psychologicaldisorders more prevalent insome countries or culturesthan in others?? How does generalizedanxiety disorder affectpeople?? How does panic disorderaffect people?? How do phobias affectpeople?? How doesobsessive-compulsivedisorder affect people?? How does posttraumaticstress disorder affect people?? What are the routes of anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD in people?? How does major depressivedisorder affect people?? How does bipolar disorder affect people?? What are the roots of mood disorders in people?? How can you tell if someonehas schizophrenia?? When and how does schizophrenia develop?? What are the roots of schizophrenia in people?? How do psychological issues manifest themselves in ourgeneral physical well-being?? What does it mean to dissociate?? Why are eating disorders sodifficult to treat and recover from?? How do personality disorders affect people?? What does it mean to be mentally well?? Can mental illnesses betreated by exploring ourunconscious?? How important are listeningand support to effectivetherapy?? How can we unlearnmaladaptive behaviors?? How can changing ourthoughts change ourmaladaptive behavior?? How important are familymembers and other people toeffective therapy?? How do we know a therapy iseffective?? How do we prevent mentalillness?? Are drug therapies effective?? How does altering the brain’selectrochemistry affectmental health?? How important to our mentalhealth are different parts ofthe brain?? How important is it to changeour lifestyles to promotemental health?Key Terms & Concepts to Remember psychological disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), medical model, DSM-5, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), post-traumatic growth, mood disorders, major depressive disorder, mania, bipolar disorder, rumination, schizophrenia, psychosis, delusions, hallucination, somatic symptom disorder, conversion disorder, illness anxiety disorder, dissociative disorders, dissociative identity disorder (DID), anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, personality disorders, antisocial personality disorderpsychotherapy, biomedical therapy, eclectic approach, psychoanalysis, resistance, interpretation, transference, psychodynamic therapy, insight therapies, client-centered therapy, active listening, unconditional positive regard, behavior therapy, counterconditioning, exposure therapies, systematic desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, aversive conditioning, token economy, cognitive therapy, rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), group therapy, family therapy, regression toward the mean, meta-analysis, evidence-based practice, therapeutic alliance, resilience, psychopharmacology, antipsychotic drugs, antianxiety drugs, antidepressant drugs, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), psychosurgery, lobotomyKey Contributors to RememberSigmund Freud, Carl Rogers, Mary Cover Jones, Joseph Wolpe, B. F. Skinner, Albert Ellis, Aaron BeckUnit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 65 Introduction to Psychological DisordersAnswer the following questionsWho was Philippe Pinel (1745–1826)? What was his contribution to mental health history?Explain the medical model approach to psychological disorders. Copy figure Figure 65.1 The biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders from page 668. What are a few of the current changes in the DSM-5?Why do some psychologists criticize the use of diagnostic labels?65-4 pg. 671 Read the “Thinking Critically About” on ADHD—Normal High Energy or Disordered Behavior? Then paraphrase “the bottom line.”Based on the reading of 65-6, would you consider poverty a risk-factor for mental illness? Why or why not?Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 66 Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress DisorderAnswer the following questionsList in bullet form three important pieces of information and or examples of General Anxiety Disorder.List in bullet form three important pieces of information and or examples of Panic Disorder.Read the Phobias section then explore the Internet to see how many different types of phobias you can find. Estimate a number below. What is the most obscure phobia? What is the most common phobia? . Read the section on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and the table that follows it. What surprised you the most? Name (in bullet form) two things you learned. List in bullet form five important pieces of information and or examples of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.How do two specific learning processes- stimulus generalization and reinforcement- contribute to the disorders in this section. Give five examples of how biology influences the disorders in this section. (pick things that interest you)Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 67 Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Suicide, and Self-InjuryAnswer the following questionsThe emotional extremes of mood disorders come in what two principal forms?What is the difference between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder?Who seems the most prone to bipolar disorder? Who seems the least prone? Researcher Peter Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985, 1998, 2003) summarized the facts about mood disorders that any theory of depression must explain. For each of the bullets below, summarize the facts offered in the reading.Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany depression.Depression is widespread. Women’s risk of major depression is nearly double men’s. Most major depressive episodes self - terminateStressful events related to work, marriage, and close relationships often precede depression.With each new generation, depression is striking earlier (now often in the late teens) and affecting more people, with the highest rates in developed countries among young adults.Copy below Figure 67.2 The heritability of various psychological disorders from page 691. List ten facts in bullet form from the Close Up on Suicide and Self-Injury page 694.What role does brain structure play in depression and bipolar disorder?What role do neurotransmitters play in depression and bipolar disorder? How do self-defeating beliefs and a negative explanatory style feed depression’s vicious cycle?Copy both the Figure 67.5 on page 694 The vicious cycle of depressed thinking and its caption below.Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 68 SchizophreniaAnswer the following questionsDescribe each of the following symptoms of schizophrenia. Give one example for each.Disturbed Perceptions and BeliefsDisorganized SpeechDiminished and Inappropriate EmotionsWhat is the difference between delusions and hallucinations?What is the difference between positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia? What is the difference between chronic and acute onset of schizophrenia?What have researchers discovered about dopamine production and schizophrenia?“The bottom line of various studies is that schizophrenia involves not one isolated brain abnormality but problems with several brain regions and their interconnections (Andreasen, 1997, 2001)” page 702List below using bullet points a few of the brain abnormalities mentioned in the text before this quote.“These converging lines of evidence suggest that fetal-virus infections play a contributing role in the development of schizophrenia.” page 702List three studies below from the text that you find most compelling as evidence for the quote above. Is there evidence that schizophrenia is genetic? What evidence does the text put forth? List the early warning signs of schizophrenia.Unit 12- Abnormal BehaviorModule 69 Other DisordersAnswer the following questionsHow does culture play a role in somatic symptom disorder?What is a fugue state?What is the difference between dissociation and psychosis? Use the key definitions from both this section and the last to explain the difference. What did dissociative identity disorder (DID) used to be called? What example does the text give of someone with DID?“So the debate continues. On one side are those who believe multiple personalities are the desperate efforts of the traumatized to detach from a horrific existence. On the other are the skeptics who think DID is a condition contrived by fantasy - prone, emotionally vulnerable people, and constructed out of the therapist - patient interaction.” page 710give an example study of each view of DID from the reading using pages 708-710List three contributing factors (there are more) to an eating disorder.Discuss the study (Stice et al., 2001) on eating disorders and teens. How was the study organized and what were the findings?List the three clusters of personality disorders.What are some characteristics of antisocial personality disorder? What is a famous case cited in your text?List three of the studies supporting the influence of biology on antisocial personality disorder.________________________End Unit 12 Exam Materials____________________Unit 13- Treatment of Abnormal BehaviorModule 70 Introduction to Therapy, and Psychodynamic and Humanistic TherapiesAnswer the following questionsWhat is the basic premise behind Freud's psychoanalytic practice of psychology?How is free association used by psychoanalysts?Why do relatively few U.S. therapists now offer traditional psychoanalysis? Based on your reading, describe a typical psychodynamic therapy session. What does humanistic therapy emphasize?List the ways humanistic therapy differ from psychoanalytic therapy.Describe client - centered therapy.What did Rogers believe was the therapist’s most important contribution? If you want to listen more actively in your own relationships, what are the three Rogerian hints that may help?Unit 13- Treatment of Abnormal BehaviorModule 71 Behavior, Cognitive, and Group TherapiesAnswer the following questionsWhat makes behavior therapy different from humanistic and psychotherapy?Give an example from the text of counterconditioning?There are two specific counterconditioning techniques— exposure therapy and aversive conditioning-explain and give an example from the text for both.What are the criticisms of operant conditioning as a method of therapy?. Copy Figure 71.2 (pg 733) A cognitive perspective on psychological disorders and the description below. Copy Table 71.1 Selected Cognitive Therapy Techniques (pg 735)Aim of TechniqueTechniqueTherapists’ DirectivesReveal beliefsTest beliefsChange beliefsList the benefits of eachgroup therapyfamily therapyself-help groupsUnit 13- Treatment of Abnormal BehaviorModule 72 Evaluating Psychotherapies and Prevention StrategiesAnswer the following questionsDiscus four or more reasons that a client’s perspective is not the most effective measure for the success of therapy.Clients’ and therapists’ perceptions of therapy’s effectiveness are vulnerable to inflation from what two phenomena?Copy Figure 72.1 Treatment versus no treatment and the information with it. Copy Figure 72.2 Evidence-based clinical decision making and the information with it . What is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and how effective is it?What is light exposure therapy and how effective is it? What three benefits does research suggest that all therapies offer?How do culture, gender, and values influence the therapist-client relationship?What should a person look for when selecting a therapist?What is the rationale for preventive mental health programs?Unit 13- Treatment of Abnormal BehaviorModule 73 The Biomedical TherapiesAnswer the following questionsExplain the drug therapies below. Include what they treat, common names, how they work and their side effects. Antipsychotic drugsAntianxiety drugs Antidepressant drugsMood stabilizing drugs How do double-blind studies help researchers evaluate a drug’s effectiveness?Sketch Figure 73.1 Biology of Antidepressants (page 754)How are each of the following used in treating specific disorders?Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)PsychosurgeryMental Health Hotline Numbers National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 800-273-TALK (8255) Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week Youth Crisis HotlinePhone: 800-448-4663National Institute of Mental Health Information Center866-615-6464 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. EST, Monday to Friday Court Services Abuse and Neglect HotlinePhone: 702-399-0081Self-Injury HotlinePhone: 800-DON’T CUT (800-366-8288)Gay and Lesbian National Hotline For all AgesPhone: 888-THE-GLN (843-4564)Topic of Lesson: Defining Abnormal PsychologyLesson #: 12-1Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Psychology Student Syndrome Abnormal Psychology4686300123825Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Abnormal Behavior in the DSM-5Behavioral Model Cognitive Model Medical/Biological Models Psychodynamic Models Biopsychosocial Models Stigma Diagnostic LabelsTopic of Lesson: Anxiety DisordersLesson #: 12-2 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Anxiety Anxiety Disorders3943350133350Anxiety Disorder TreatmentGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Panic Attacks Panic Disorder Social Anxiety DisorderSpecific Phobia DisorderAgoraphobia Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3971925104776Hoarding Disorder Body Dysmorphic DisorderTraumatic EventAcute Stress Disorder (ASD)Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder3924300219075Anxiety Disorder Etiology (Cause) Anxiety Disorder Treatment Topic of Lesson: Mood DisordersLesson #: 12-3 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder I 454342595251Manic Episode Depressive Episode Bipolar Disorder II Cyclothymia Bipolar Disorder Etiology (Cause) Bipolar Disorder TreatmentMajor Depressive Disorder3200400219075Depression Etiology (Cause) Depression TreatmentTopic of Lesson: Personality DisordersLesson #: 12-4 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Personality Disorders 4857750161925Cluster A Personality Disorders “Odd or Eccentric” Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder Cluster B Personality Disorders “Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic” Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cluster C Personality Disorders “Anxious or Fearful” Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality DisorderObsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder*Personality Disorders Treatment Topic of Lesson: Neurodevelopmental/Cognitive DisordersLesson #: 12-5 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disabilities 482917566676Intellectual Disabilities Etiology (Cause)Intellectual Disabilities Treatment Specific Learning DisorderAutism Spectrum Disorder266700066676Autism Spectrum Disorder Etiology (Cause) Autism Spectrum Disorder TreatmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Etiology (Cause) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder TreatmentNeurocognitive DisordersAlzheimer’s DiseaseParkinson’s DiseaseTopic of Lesson: Dissociative DisordersLesson #: 12-6 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Dissociation 494347566676Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) DID Etiology (Cause) DID TreatmentSybilDissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue4781550200025Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Topic of Lesson: SchizophreniaLesson #: 12-7 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Psychosis Schizophrenia4143375142875Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia DelusionsDelusions of referenceDelusions of grandeur Delusions of persecution 3257550152400Schizophrenia Hallucinations 394335066676Disorganized Speech/ThinkingMotor DisturbancesNegative SymptomsFlat AffectBehavioral DisturbancesCognitive Symptoms Schizophrenia Etiology (Cause)GeneticsEnvironmental FactorsDiathesis-Stress ModelDopamine Hypothesis Brain Areas AssociatedSchizophrenia TreatmentTopic of Lesson: Evolution of Psychological TreatmentLesson #: 12-8 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! HippocratesTrephining (Ancient Times) 495300047626ExorcismWitchcraft Asylums Philippe Pinel Dorothea DixUnited States Asylum Conditions Deinstitutionalization Deinstitutionalization ConsequencesTopic of Lesson: Insight TherapiesLesson #: 12-9 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Psychotherapy3971925152400Eclectic ApproachInsight TherapiesPsychoanalytic Therapy Free Association ResistanceDream AnalysisTransferencePsychodynamic Therapy Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)Humanistic TherapyPerson-Centered (Rogerian-Therapy) 4229100142875Unconditional Positive RegardEmpathyGenuinenessActive ListeningGestalt TherapyTopic of Lesson: Action TherapiesLesson #: 12-10 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Action Therapies360045066676Behavior Therapy Exposure TherapySystematic Desensitization Relaxation training Social Skills TrainingVirtual Reality Graded ExposureFloodingAversion Therapy Behavior Modification Token EconomyModelingRole PlayingCognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)Over-generalization Minimization & Magnification Selective abstraction Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)Aaron Beck’s Cognitive TherapyBeck’s Cognitive Triad3257550123825Assessing PsychotherapyModels of TherapyGroup TherapySelf-Help GroupsFamily Therapy Couples/Marriage Counseling Topic of Lesson: Types of Biomedical Therapy Lesson #: 12-11 Date:When the left (academic) and right (creative) hemispheres of the brain are both engaged at the same time the ability to focus increases!Deep information processing occurs when learners interact with the information and analyze it! Biomedical Therapy 510540095251Psychopharmacology Psychotropic MedicationsConfidentiality & The LawPsychopharmacologic Revolution Antianxiety Drugs Used For: PTSD, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, OCDBrand Names: PTSD, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, OCDEffect: Depresses central nervous system; reduces apprehension and nervousnessSide Effect: Sleepiness, dizziness, fatigue, headaches, slurred speech Antipsychotic Drugs Used For: Depression (Long-term treatment of anxiety disorders), PTSD, OCDBrand Names: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Lexapro, WellbutrinEffect: Improves mood by reducing absorption of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine Side Effect: Depending on class of antidepressant: nausea, weight gain, dry mouth, reduced sex drive, blurred vision, suicidal ideation Mood-Stabilizing Drugs Used For: Bipolar DisordersBrand Names: Lithium, Lamotrigine Effect: Reduces manic episodes and depressive episodes Side Effect: Drive mouth, heart arrhythmia, swelling, nausea, loss of appetiteStimulants Used For: ADD/ADHDBrand Names: Ritalin, Adderall, DexedrineEffect: Improves focus and attention by preventing absorption of dopamine and norepinephrine Side Effect: Decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, headache, stomach ache Antipsychotic DrugsUsed For: Schizophrenia, Extreme cases of bipolar Brand Names: Haldol, Prolixin, ThorazineEffect: Reduces positive psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations through inhibiting the neurotransmitter dopamine Side Effect: Tardive dyskinesia (movement disorder), Parkinson-like tremorsElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)PsychosurgeryDeep Brain Stimulation Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)Assessing the Biomedical Approach:Mental Health Hotline Numbers National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 800-273-TALK (8255) Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week Youth Crisis HotlinePhone: 800-448-4663National Institute of Mental Health Information Center866-615-6464 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. EST, Monday to Friday Court Services Abuse and Neglect HotlinePhone: 702-399-0081Self-Injury HotlinePhone: 800-DON’T CUT (800-366-8288)Gay and Lesbian National Hotline For all AgesPhone: 888-THE-GLN (843-4564) ................
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