Characteristics of Living Things (Essay



Scientific Method

1. Scientific Method & Experimental Design & conversions (prep for chemistry)

• Variables

Sample size

Controls

Reading graphs

Chemistry & Biochemistry

2. Chemistry Basics

• Important Elements?! CHONPS!!!

• Order of items from atoms to organisms? Non-living vs. living?

• Inorganic vs. organic? Differences?

• Bonds: Hydrogen, Ionic, covalent? Where found? Significance of valence electrons?

• Water!?! Why important?

o Bonds between & within H2O molecules?

3. Organic Molecules: Monomers (building blocks)? Polymers? Examples? Functions in cells? Elements? Structure? Importance?

• Nucleotides.

• Proteins.

• Carbohydrates.

• Lipids.

4. Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

• Where do they occur? What is required?

• Why important?

• What factors affect these processes?

• Relationship between the reactions?

Cells and Differentiation

5. Types of Cells: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes, Plants vs. Animals

6. Cell Membranes!

• Structure? Draw a membrane?

• Transport: Active vs. passive. ATP?

• Diffusion vs. Osmosis

• Selectively permeable!

7. Differential Gene Expression & Central Dogma & DNA

• How does a zygote become something much, much more complicated?

• What is differential gene expression? Cell Specialization?

• Structure of DNA. Be able to draw.

• Replication: where does this happen?

• Transcription: where does this happen? Components involved?

• Translation: where does this happen? Components involved?

• What is a gene?

Cell Division & Genetics

8. Mitosis & Meiosis & the Cell Cycle

• Diploid vs. haploid. Somatic vs. sex cell.

• Importance? Stages? What happens? When?

• Variation & Meiosis. Why important?

• Compared to Prokaryotic cell division

• Sexual vs. asexual reproduction: advantages & disadvantages to each?

• Nondisjunction & karyotype

• Homologous Chromosomes

• Autosomes vs. Sex chromosomes

• Mutations & cancer:

o Mutations: good, bad, no effect?

o Mutations: caused by?

o What is cancer?

9. Mendel & Genetics

• Alleles

• Genotype vs. Phenotype

• Heterozygote vs. Homozygote

• Punnet squares

• Monohybrid & dihybrid crosses

• Traits & probability

• Pedigrees (know how to read/create)

• Test cross

• Sex linked genes?

• Incomplete vs. Co-dominance

• Mendel: Pea Plants! Why?

o Law of independent assortment

o Law of segregation

10. Evolution

• Why is variation in a population SO important?

• The points of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?

• Terms: Speciation & Species. Lamarck vs. Darwin

• Relationship between traits and genes and DNA

• Analogous vs. Homologous vs. Vestigial characteristics

• Mechanisms for changing the frequency of alleles in populations? Remember natural selection, genetic drift, migration, mutation, and sexual selection????

• Do individuals or populations evolve?

• How do scientists think that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes?

• A theory to explain the evolution of life as we know it? Where did all these organic molecules come from?

15. Other: Characteristics of Living Things!!!

Resources:

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• Your Textbook!!!!!

• The interweb

• My teacher page at the Metro HS site

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