AP United States History: Point of View in DBQ Questions
AP United States History: Point of View in DBQ Questions
Why is Point of View (POV) important? The crucial skill teachers and readers are looking for in your approach to documents is the awareness that documents are not statements of facts, but descriptions, interpretations, or opinions of events and developments made by particular people at particular places and times, and often for specific reasons. Too often, students write essays in which they take the documents at face value. Instead, you should be applying critical thinking skills to documents, evaluating whether they are likely to be accurate and complete, and in what ways the author of the document may be revealing bias. Indicate and discuss POV in each document. How can you demonstrate awareness of POV?
1. Attribution. This is the minimal approach to POV. When you cite the authors of the documents by name or position, you are indicating that you understand that this is a particular person's expression rather than a statement of fact. You should identify the document or content if you recognize it- they are not labeled in certain ways to test you. You need to provide consistent attribution throughout their essays, meaning all or most documents should be attributed. Attribution means using the name of the author of a document or something about the author given in the document. For example: Thomas Paine, a colonial Patriot writer, said…
2. Authorial point of view. You show awareness that the gender, occupation, class, religion, nationality, political position, or ethnic identity of the author may well have influenced the views that are expressed. Think of it this way; if the time, gender, or age were changed, would the person be saying the same thing?
For example: George Washington, commander of the Continental army, was infuriated by the Congressional response...
3. Reliability and accuracy of source. You critically examine a source for its reliability and accuracy by questioning whether the author of the document would be in a position to be accurate and/or would likely be telling the truth. Is there bias? You can also evaluate the origin or type of source, e.g. a letter or official report, showing an understanding that different types of sources vary in their probable reliability.
For example:
Robert Jones, a college professor highly regarded in the field of water quality, issued a report to the governor that was probably accurate because he was outside the normal political pressures…
4. Tone or intent of the author. You are examining the text of a document to determine its tone (e.g., satire, irony, indirect political commentary) or the intent of the author. This may be particularly useful for visual documents.
For example:
The political cartoon, printed in a Democratic newspaper, was intended to convey the lack of political experience of Lincoln
5. Grouping of documents by author. When you group the documents by type of author, you are showing awareness that certain types of authors, by the very nature of being that type, will express similar views or consider events in a similar light.
For example:
In a DBQ, there were three such groups of authors: government officials, clergy, and business owners. Ie- “The opinion held by the members of the clergy was in clear opposition to the President.”
You can cite documents with parenthetical documentation at the end of a sentence, as in- (Doc 2 and 5), but refrain from language like-“ document 2 said…”
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