PDF Why is legal deposit Important? Aims of legal deposit law

8/12/10

LegalDepositforAudiovisualMaterial: Preliminarysurveyresults

HowardBesser&KaravanMalssen

NYUMovingImageArchiving&PreservaLon Program

hMp://besser.nyu.edu/howard hMp://nyu.edu/Lsch/preservaLon/

IFLA2010,Besserl/Malssen-LegalDeposit

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LegalDepositforAudiovisualMaterial-

? Importanceoflegaldeposit ? Methodology ? Respondents ? Findings ? FutureResearch

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WhyislegaldepositImportant?

? BuildsanaLonalpatrimony

? "publicinterest","completerecordofworks","aid research&documentaLon","conserveour naLonalheritage","makeworksavailablefor futuregeneraLons","systemaLc& comprehensive","creaLonofanaLonal collecLon"

? Iseasiesttocollectworkswhentheyarefirst issued(ratherthanmuchlaterintheirlife)

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Aimsoflegaldepositlaw

? PreservaLonofworks;buildinganaLonalcollecLon,

"tocollecttheculturalheritageforthefuture"

? CorollaryobjecLvesinclude:

--"tocreatestandardbibliographicrecordoflibrarymaterial published"(Malaysia);

--"naLonalbibliographiccontrol"(CroaLa);

--sothat,"commercialandself-publishedworkreceivewide exposure"(Australia);

--"BibliographicalregistraLon"(Czech);

--"producLonofthenaLonalSlovenebibliography"(Slovenia NaLonalandUniversityLibraries)

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ShortHistoryofLegalDeposit

? 1537France,OrdonnancedeMontpellier

? 1594Belgium,thenabolished1886,reinstated1966

? 1610GreatBritain-Bodley

? 1661Sweden,1697Denmark,1702Finland

? In18thcentury(beginningwith1709StatuteofAnne)became

apre-requisitetoobtaining?protecLon

? In1886BerneConvenLonabolishedanypre-requisiteto?

protecLon,andcountrieseitherhadtofindanothermethod

forLegalDeposit,orabolishitcompletely(likeBelgium)

? Aimevolvedoveryearsfrompreservingforfuture

generaLons,tocreaLonofanaLonalbibliograpy,tocreaLng

researchcollecLons

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Difficultyofresearchinglegal

depositlawsforaudiovisual(1/2)

? LegalDepositlawsforaudiovisualareokenin

manydifferentpartsofthelegalstatutes

? Somepartsareokeninlibrarymandates,andotherparts mightbeincopyrightlaws

? LegalDepositforradiomaybein1920sor1930slaws governinguseofbroadcastspectrum

? LegalDepositfortelevisionmaybein1950slaws governinguseofbroadcastspectrum

? LegalDepositforcinemaLcfilmmightbeinimportlawsor intaxlaws

? LegalDepositfordigitalworksmaybeincompletely

differentlaws IFLA2010,Besserl/Malssen-LegalDeposit

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Difficultyofresearchinglegal depositlawsforaudiovisual(2/2)

? ResponsibilityforcollecLngLegalDepositsfor audiovisualmayresideindifferent repositories

? NaLonalLibrary ? NaLonalArchive ? NaLonalFilmArchive ? NaLonalRadioorTelevisionArchive,orPublic

BroadcasLngcompany ? Regionalspecializedornon-specializedcollecLons

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Methodology

? InvitaLontocompleteonlinesurveythrough proddingbyIFLA/AVMSmembers,CCAAA

? 78ResponsesfromOctober2009throughApril2010

? 16respondentsenteredonlytheircontact informaLon,and24oftherespondentswerefrom regional(sub-naLonal)insLtuLons

? DiscretenaLonalresponsescombined ? Excessivelyincompleteresponsesdisregarded ? MinimaladdiLonalresearchperformed,whereresponses

wereoverlyvagueoruninformed

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Responsesfrom35Countries

? Australia

? Luxembourg

? Austria

? Malaysia

? Canada

? Namibia

? Croatia

? Netherlands

? Czech Republic

? New Zealand

? Denmark

? Norway

? Estonia

? Poland

? Fiji

? Serbia

? Finland

? Seychelles

? France

? Slovakia

? Germany

? Slovenia

? Greece

? South Africa

? Hungary

? South Korea

? India

? Spain

? Italy

? Sweden

? Japan

? Switzerland

? Latvia

? United Kingdom

? Lithuania

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Responsesfrom5ConLnents, butskewedtowardsEurope

? Europe 24 ? Asia(eastonly) 5 ? Africa 3 ? Oceania 2 ? NorthAmerica 1 ? SouthAmerica 0

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Respondents(1/2)

? Highlyskewedtowardsdevelopedpartofthe world,butdoesincludepoorercountries

? NoparLcipaLonfromSouthAmerica,Middle East,mostofAsia,mostofAfrica

? SomeconflicLngimpressionsamongst insLtuLonswithinsamecountryastospecifics oflegislaLon

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Respondents(2/2)

? Only7respondentscitedjobLtlesindicaLngtheir directrelaLontoanaLonalbureau/officecharged withadministraLngLegalDeposit:

-Australia

-Canada(aswellas,Qu?bec) -CroaLa -Finland -Netherlands -SouthAfrica ? RespondentswerenotLegalDepositexperts

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WhatisthelegalraLonaleforlegal

deposit?(1/2)

? BerneInternaLonal?agreementforbidsmaking legaldepositarequirementforgivingcopyright protecLon(copyrightprotecLonmustbegranted uponcompleLonofawork,withoutanyregistraLon orpaperworkrequirements)

? ButtheUSgetsaroundthisbygranLngautomaLc copyrightprotecLonuponcreaLonofawork,but prevenLngthecollecLonofstatuarydamagesor aMorneysfeesforcopyrightviolaLonunlessthe workhasbeenregisteredanddeposited

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WhatisthelegalraLonaleforlegal

deposit?(2/2)

? Only3respondentstothequesLonofwhetherlegal depositwasbasedincopyrightortaxlaw,butfrom write-innoteswefindthat:

--Austria,Canada,andAustraliaallincludeclauses wherebyanyfilmorTVproducLonreceiving federalfundingmustdepositacopy.Thisimplies thattheirlegaldepositisnotbasedon?

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LegaldepositLaws:AChronology

? Manyexistedpre-1900(1/3ofrespondents) ? Amongrespondents,A/Vdepositlawsbegin

toappearpostWWII ? Numberofdepositlawsappearstoriseata

fairlyconLnuousrate,exceptthat: ---Amongrespondents,numberofA/Vdeposit lawsdoubledinthe1990s&2000s(only44% ofA/Vdepositlawsexistedbefore1990)

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LegalDepositLawsoverLme(printmaterial)

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LegalDepositLawsoverLme(a/vmaterial)

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Legaldepositsarenotcentralized

? 94%ofrespondentsreportedthattheirown insLtuLonwasnottheonlynaLonallegal depositsdepository

? AddiLonallegaldepositories,bytype:

? 31%addiLonaldepositatanotherNaLonalLibrary ? 31%addiLonaldepositatanotherRegionalLibrary ? 24%addiLonaldepositatanAV-specific

insLtuLon ? 17%addiLonaldepositataUniversityinsLtuLon

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Sub-naLonal&extra-naLonal legaldepositrequirements

? BoththeBiblioth?queetArchivesnaLonalduQu?bec(BANQ)and LibrariesandArchivesCanada(LAC)collectQu?becprovincial publicaLons,thusamorecompleteculturalrecordforQu?becislikely thanfor,say,Saskatchewan

? Similarprovincial-levellegaldepositlawsincertainCanadianprovinces --eg.theManitobaLegislaLveLibrary

? RepublicofIrelandhasoneofits4depositoriesastheBriLshLibrary

? Redundancyasinsurance,howeverthesestrategiesmayresultin collecLoninconsistencies--eg.theBiblioth?queNaLonaledeQu?becmay havebeMercollecLonofQu?becculturethanLibraries/ArchivesCanada

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Legaldepositismandatoryinmost countries

? 86%RequiredbyLaw ? 14%Voluntary

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Howisthedepositlawenforced?

? Only1respondentclaimedthatthelawwasalwaysenforced ? 2/3oftherespondentssaidthatthepenaltyfornon

-compliancewasafine,butalmosthalfofthoseadmiMedthat thiswasn'tseriouslyenforced ? 15%saidthatjailLmewasapenaltyfornon-compliance,but noonecitedanyspecificexampleofthis ? Manyresponsesemphasizedthattheywillmakerepeated contactstopestersomeonetocomply

? "Weprefertopersuaderatherthanprosecute.IntheenLrehistoryof legaldepositwehaveonlyprosecutedapublisheronce,andthatwas forflagrant,repeatedrefusaltodeposit.TheLibrarywonthecase."

? Only1respondentcitedtaximplicaLonsfornon-compliance

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Countrieswithhighcompliancerates havemoreseriousenforcement

? Amongthosecountriesthatclaimtheycollect atleast90%ofthelegaldepositsthatthey shouldideallycollect:

? AllhavelegalrequirementsmandaLnglegal deposit

? 80%havesomekindofenforcementmechanism

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Howmuchofacountry'saudiovisual outputisactuallydeposited?

? Responsesrangefrom5%-100%,withmost answersclusteredinthe70%-90%range

? meanaverageof75%

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Wheretheyarecollected,what A/Vmaterialsarespecifically exempted?

? Anyfilmgaugelargerthan35mm(Canada) ? Analogfilms(Germany) ? AudioBooks(Finland) ? Born-digitalmaterialsnotdistributedina

physicalformatareimplicitlyexempted (Australia)

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Whoisresponsibleforlegaldeposit?

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LegalDepositismoretherealmof producers/distributorsthancreators

? 75%saypublishersareresponsible ? 36%saymanufacturer/printerisresponsible ? 36%saydistributorisresponsible ? Only18%sayauthor/creatorisresponsible ? Andfor18%,thenaLonalrepositorywas

responsibleforobtainingtheworksontheir own

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WhateventiniLatesdepositrequirement?

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WhateventiniLates depositrequirement?

? PublicaLon:83% ? Receiptofrequest,orclaim:17% ? Specifiedcalendardate:14% ? Otherevents:21%

-Broadcast,FirstEdiLonsonly

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WhopaysthecostofcreaLng depositorycopies?

ThiscostcanbesubstanLalforafilmnegaLveor print

? 86%theDepositor ? 21%theDepository

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FinancialSupportforlegaldeposit

? 78%ofDepositoriesarefullyfundedforlegaldeposit acLviLes

? 11%ofDepositoriesareparLallyfundedforlegal depositacLviLes

? 11%ofDepositoriesreceivenofundsforlegal depositacLviLes

? Thissomewhatmirrorsfundingforgeneral managementofA/VcollecLons(74%)

GovernmentsfeelthatthisisanacLvityworthfunding

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