WW II: Study Guide Part A: Important Terms: Instructions ...

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WW II: Study Guide

Part A: Important Terms: Instructions: For each item below, ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER, write at least one sentence explaining why that term is historically significant when examining World War II.

1. Benito Mussolini 2. Joseph Stalin 3. The Treaty of

Versailles 4. Vladimir Lenin 5. Hideki Tojo 6. The Battle of the

Atlantic 7. Francisco Franco 8. Adolf Hitler 9. Franklin Delano

Roosevelt 10. Douglas MacArthur 11. Winston Churchill 12. The League of

Nations 13. The Weimer

Republic

14. Communism 15. Fascism 16. The Neutrality Acts 17. Synagogue 18. The Holocaust 19. The Kristallnacht 20. The Star of David 21. The Nuremburg Laws 22. Anne Frank 23. Genocide 24. Palestine 25. Tuskegee Airmen 26. Blitzkrieg 27. Hiroshima and

Nagasaki 28. The Manhattan

Project

29. J. Robert Oppenheimer

30. Appeasement 31. The Munich

Agreement 32. Doolittle's Raid 33. Edouard Daladier 34. Neville Chamberlain 35. Japanese Internment

Camps 36. GI Bill of Rights 37. Operation Torch 38. Operation Overlord 39. Operation Cobra 40. D-day 41. Battle of Midway 42. Iwo Jima

43. Normandy 44. Dwight Eisenhower 45. Battle of the Bulge 46. Harry Truman 47. The Nuremburg Trials 48. The Sudetenland 49. The Nonaggression

Pact 50. Stalingrad 51. Radar 52. The Allies 53. The Axis Powers 54. Pearl Harbor 55. The Lend-Lease Act 56. A. Philipp Randolph 57. Rationing

Part B: Open Response Questions: Instructions: ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER, answer the questions below.

1. What did Britain and France hope to achieve in the Munich Agreement? Were they successful? Explain.

2. Hitler's views concerning the Jews and other groups he hated were immoral and insane. Why do you think so many Germans followed Hitler's murderous plans so blindly and committed unspeakable evil for the Nazi cause?

3. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? How did this impact the views of neutrality that were strong in the USA at the time of this event?

4. What are some arguments that one could offer to assert that the USA was justified in using atom bombs against Japan during WW II? What are some arguments that one could make that the USA should not have used atom bombs on Japan during WW II?

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ANSWERS:

WW II: Study Guide

Part A: Important Terms: Instructions: For each item below, on a separate sheet of paper, write at least one sentence explaining why that term is historically significant when examining World War II.

1. Benito Mussolini: He 14. Communism: In this

was the fascist

system, the

dictator of Italy during

government controls

WW II.

the economy.

2. Joseph Stalin: He

15. Fascism: In this

was the Communist

system of

dictator the USSR

government, there is

during WW II.

radical devotion to

3. The Treaty of

ones country at the

Versailles: This

expense of individual

treaty ended WW I.

rights.

4. Vladimir Lenin: This 16. The Neutrality Acts:

dictator transformed

This was an act of

the USSR into a

Congress to try and

Communist state.

keep the USA neutral

5. Hideki Tojo: The

in WW II.

Prime Minister of

17. Synagogue: This is

Japan during WW II.

a Jewish place of

6. The Battle of the

worship.

Atlantic: This was a 18. The Holocaust: This

battle in which

was a horrific practice

Germany fought with

of persecution toward

the USA and Britain.

Jews and others in

7. Francisco Franco:

Nazi Germany.

He was the fascist

19. The Kristallnacht:

dictator of Spain

During this event, the

during WW II.

Nazis broke windows

8. Adolf Hitler: He was

of Jewish businesses,

the fascist dictator of

burned down

Germany during WW

buildings, and

II.

committed other

9. Franklin Delano

wicked actions

Roosevelt: He was

against Jews.

the President of the 20. The Star of David:

USA through most of

In Nazi Germany,

WW II.

Jews and others had

10. Douglas

to wear this symbol.

MacArthur: He was 21. The Nuremburg

the General in charge

Laws: These laws

of the USA's Pacific

removed citizenship

Front in WW II against

from Jews living in

Japan.

Germany.

11. Winston Churchill: 22. Anne Frank: She

He was the Prime

was a young girl who

Minister of Britain

kept a journal and

through much of WW

died in the Holocaust.

II.

23. Genocide: This is

12. The League of

the mass

Nations: This was an

extermination of a

entity created after

people group.

WW I that attempted

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29. J. Robert Oppenheimer: He led the Manhattan project.

30. Appeasement: This is when you allow a nation to get away with an unjust action, if they promise never to do it again.

31. The Munich Agreement: This agreement let Hitler keep the Sudetenland.

32. Doolittle's Raid: This was an attack on Japan by the USA.

33. Edouard Daladier: He was the leader of France during the Munich Agreement.

34. Neville Chamberlain: He was the leader of Britain during the Munich Agreement.

35. Japanese Internment Camps: The USA sent many Japanese immigrants and citizens to internment camps during WW II.

36. GI Bill of Rights: This bill paid for college for WW II veterans.

37. Operation Torch: This was the invasion of North Africa by the Allies in WW II.

38. Operation Overlord: This was the Allied invasion of Nazi occupied Europe starting in France.

39. Operation Cobra: This was the Allied advancement beyond

43. Normandy: This was the initial area invaded in Operation Overlord.

44. Dwight Eisenhower: He led the European Front for the Allies in WW II.

45. Battle of the Bulge: This was Hitler's last attempt to initiate an offense strategy against the Allies in Antwerp.

46. Harry Truman: He became President when FDR died during WW II.

47. The Nuremburg Trials: In this trial, Nazi leaders were convicted for the war crimes of the Holocaust.

48. The Sudetenland: This was the western boundary taken by Hitler in Czechoslovakia.

49. The Nonaggression Pact: Hitler and Stalin entered into this agreement to split Poland.

50. Stalingrad: The Nazis failed to take this city from the USSR during WW II.

51. Radar: The British Air Force used this to detect Nazi planes in WW II.

52. The Allies: The USA, Britain, France, China, and the USSR formed this alliance in WW II.

53. The Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan formed this alliance in WW II.

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to achieve world peace. 13. The Weimer Republic: This was a republic form of government in Germany that was removed by Hitler.

24. Palestine: This is a region in the Middle East in which Britain allowed many Jews to return to during and after WW II.

25. Tuskegee Airmen: This was an All African American squadron that helped invade Italy in WW II.

26. Blitzkrieg: This is a severe tactic causing massive destruction used by Hitler in his invasion of Poland.

27. Hiroshima and Nagasaki: These were the two Japanese cities attacked with atom bombs in WW II.

28. The Manhattan Project: This was the American plan to build an atom bomb.

France after Operation Torch. 40. D-day: This was the invasion of Normandy by the Allies. 41. Battle of Midway: This was the final offensive battle by Japan in WW II. 42. Iwo Jima: This was an island liberated from Japan, by the Allies, in WW II.

54. Pearl Harbor: Japan attacked this USA naval port during WW II.

55. The Lend-Lease Act: This was a strategy to let the Allies "borrow" weapons from the USA during WW II.

56. A. Philipp Randolph: He was a Civil Rights leader during WW II.

57. Rationing: This was a practice in which American citizens had to reduce their consumption to ensure soldiers overseas had supplies during WW II.

Part B: Open Response Questions: Instructions: ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER, answer the questions below.

1. What did Britain and France hope to achieve in the Munich Agreement? Were they successful? Explain. When Hitler became the dictator of Germany, he began to take over various places in Europe. He took over Austria and then took the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. The Nazi's claimed Germans were being mistreated in this area and took the western boundary of Czechoslovakia. Yet, these claims were just lies and propaganda to give the Germans an excuse to invade the area. European nations were becoming anxious and wanted to reach an agreement for Hitler to stop invading other areas. On 9/30/1938, the Munich Agreement was achieved. Edouard Daladier, Premier of France, and Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, met with the Nazi regime to discuss a settlement on the issue. The leaders of France and Britain felt that, if Hitler was allowed to keep the Sudetenland, he would stop invading other areas, so they agreed Germany could keep the area of the Sudetenland. This tactic is called "appeasement," when you let a nation get away with an unjust action, if they pledge not to do it again in the future. Many asserted that appeasement would NOT work because it would just embolden Hitler to pursue the same actions in the future. This proved correct. Hitler later took over much of Europe in World War II.

2. Hitler's views concerning the Jews and other groups he hated were immoral and insane. Why do you think so many Germans followed Hitler's murderous plans so blindly and committed unspeakable evil for the Nazi cause? Germany was brought to the point of economic desperation after WW I. The Treaty of Versailles placed a war guilt clause on the nation and also took their imperial territories. They were unable to pay back the debts and their economy crashed. Therefore, their sense of morality faded. Hitler promised to recharge the economy and the pride of Germany. Therefore, they followed him blindly and committed evil in the name of his cause. They were brainwashed by the Nazi propaganda and bigotry that Hitler propagated.

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3. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? How did this impact the views of neutrality that were strong in the USA at the time of this event? Japan had attacked Manchuria in China to expand their country and began taking over other areas in the Pacific, like French-Indo China (Vietnam). Japan was conquering various areas in the Pacific Ocean. The USA tried an economic embargo to petition Japan's actions, but this did not stop Japan. Japan knew that the USA was their largest obstacle in their plan to dominate the Pacific. In a surprise approach, on December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor to try and launch a preemptive strike that would attempt to ensure that the USA could not stop their conquests. Many in the USA wanted to stay neutral in the conflicts of WW II due to trying to manage the Great Depression and wanting to avoid another conflict like WW I. After this event, those sentiments faded away and the vast majority of American leaders were ready to join the Allies and start fighting in World War II.

4. What are some arguments that one could offer to assert that the USA was justified in using atom bombs against Japan during WW II? What are some arguments that one could make that the USA should not have used atom bombs on Japan during WW II? There are many reasons people could give for why the USA needed to use the atom bombs. First, the USA had the responsibility to protect its own soldiers. The atom bombs killed many in Japan, but spared the USA from sending in soldiers. Second, America had sacrificed much during the European Front and the USA needed to bring an end to the conflict. Third, if the USA pursued a land invasion instead, over a million could have died, far more than around the 200,000 that died when the atom bombs were used. Fourth, the "island hopping" campaign proved that the Japanese were simply not going to surrender without drastic action. For reasons such as these, a person could argue it was necessary to use the atom bombs in WW II.

There are also many arguments that people could make concerning why the bombs should not have been dropped. First, Germany and Italy had fallen. So, it appeared that Japan was going to lose to the Allies eventually. Second, the USA could have tested the bomb at an area that was unpopulated to show Japan what they would face if they did not surrender. Third, many people who died in the attacks were civilians, not soldiers. Fourth, the atom bombs not only killed many instantly, they also leaked radiation afterword. For reasons such as these, many could argue it was wrong to use atom bombs.

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