Dr. Michael M. Krop Senior High School



Civil War and Reconstructiondue Sept 12, 2014Content Objectives:?Analyze the development and impact of slavery in the U.S.?Explain the economic and social differences between North and South.?Assess the impact of the reform movement.?Review the origins and impact of Manifest Destiny.?Analyze how the acquisition of western territories exacerbated sectionalism.?Describe how the Supreme Court exacerbated sectionalism.?Analyze the origins of the Republican party and the political rise of Abraham Lincoln.?Compare and contrast the North and the South on the eve of the Civil War.?Explain the impact of the Civil War on northerners and southerners.?Review the causes and consequences of the Civil War.?Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.?Assess the influence of significant people or groups on Reconstruction. ?Describe the issues that divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era. ?Distinguish the freedoms guaranteed to African Americans and other groups with the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.?Assess how Jim Crow Laws influenced life for African Americans and other racial/ethnic minority groups.?Compare the effects of the Black Codes and the Nadir on freed people, and analyze the sharecropping system and debt peonage as practiced in the United States. ?Review the Native American experience. Class Discussion Questions for Unit 5:1.How was the slavery debate framed by constitutional principles, territorial expansionism, racial and gender attitudes? How did slavery shape the southern economy and society, and how did it make the South different from the North? 2.Why have scholarly studies of slavery interpreted the system so differently? Do the differing interpretations reflect general social attitudes of the period in which the studies were written?3.Why might the conclusions drawn by Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman in Time on the Cross have provoked vehement criticism? What might be some reasons for the resurgence of focus on the “damage” thesis of slavery, as in the works by Walter Johnson and Ira Berlin?4.What was the myth and what was the reality of white society in the South? Why was the myth so pervasive and widely perceived? 5.How did slavery function economically and socially? What were the legal and material constraints on slaves’ lives and work? How did slaves resist their enslavement? How successful were their efforts? What was the response of whites? What was slavery’s effect on free blacks? Through what means did slaves maintain a distinct African American culture?6.Although some poor southern whites resented the dominance of the “slaveocracy,” most supported the institution and accepted the power of the planter class. Why did the “plain folk” continue to support slavery?7.Describe the differences between gang labor and task labor for slaves, and explain how slaves’ tasks varied by region across the Old South. 8.Why did industry fail to develop in the South to the extent that it did in the North?9.How did an American national culture of art, literature, philosophy, and communal living develop in the nineteenth century? 10.What were the issues on which social and moral reformers tried to “remake the nation”? How successful were their efforts? Why did the crusade against slavery become the preeminent issue of the reform movement? How did religion affect reform movements, and what was the effect of these movements on religion?11.Why did opponents of slavery focus first on ending the slave trade, rather than on abolishing slavery itself? Why was ending the slave trade easier than ending slavery? How was racism evident even in the abolitionist movement? What steps did some abolitionists take to fight racism in American society?12.What arguments and strategies did the abolitionists use in their struggle to end slavery? Who opposed them and why? How do William Wilberforce’s arguments against slavery compare with those of the abolitionists in the U.S.? How could a nation that declared “all men were created equal” justify slavery?13.What were the aims of the women’s movement of the nineteenth century? How successful were women in achieving these goals? How did feminism challenge traditional gender beliefs and social structures?14.Explain the justifications for the doctrine of manifest destiny, including material and idealistic motivations. 15.Why did many Americans criticize the Mexican War? How did they see expansion as a threat to American liberties?16.How did the annexation of western territories intensify the conflict over slavery and lead to deeper divisions between the North and the South? What compromises attempted to resolve the conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new territories? To what degree were those compromises successful? Why did they eventually fail to resolve the difference between North and South?17.What were the major factors contributing to U.S. territorial expansion in the 1840s? What were the major arguments for and against slavery and its expansion into new territories? Why did the expansion of slavery become the most divisive political issue in the 1840s and 1850s?18.How did Polk’s decisions and actions as president intensify the sectional conflict?19.What combination of issues and events fueled the creation of the Republican party in the 1850s? What enabled Lincoln to emerge from the divisive party politics of the 1850s? What were the final steps on the road to secession?20.What role did the Supreme Court play in the growing sectional conflict? How did the growing sectional crisis affect the nation’s political parties? How did the crisis manifest itself in Kansas during the 1850s? 21.Assess the advantages of the North and those of the South at the beginning of the Civil War. How did the advantages of each side change over the course of the war? How did the North’s mobilization for war differ from mobilization in the South? What accounts for these differences? What were the military strategies employed by the North and the South from the opening clashes in 1861 through the Union victory in 1865, and how did these strategies differ?22.How did the Confederate government differ from the federal government of the United States?23.How did the war affect the lives of women in the North and the South?pare Lincoln and Davis as heads of government and commanders in chief.25.Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation and what were its effects?26.Some arguments regarding the Civil War as inevitable focus on economic differences between the North and the South. What were these differences and how might they have led---inevitably---to war?27.Some revisionist scholars attribute the Civil War to a “blundering generation” of political leaders. Who were these leaders and what blunders did they make? Could better decisions have avoided war?28.According to ethnoculturalists, what was the role of political parties in the coming of the Civil War?29.What were the differences between the impact of the war in the North and the South? What made the Civil War the first modern war? Explain how the North won the war. Describe how President Lincoln’s war aims evolved between 1861 and 1863, changing from simply preserving the Union to also ending slavery.30.What characteristics define a society?31.Why do people form governments?32.How should societies settle disputes? Why war?33.How did the Emancipation Proclamation, northern military successes, and actions by the slaves themselves combine to finally end slavery? What role did blacks play in both winning the war and in defining the war’s consequences?34.What major policies did the wartime Congress pass that transformed the nation’s economic and financial systems?35.In what ways did the outcome of the Civil War change the United States’ status in the world?36.What visions of freedom did the former slaves and slaveholders pursue in the postwar South?37.What were the various plans for Reconstruction proposed by Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress? Which plan was enacted and why? What were the social and political effects of Radical Reconstruction in the South? What caused the confrontation between President Johnson and Congress over Reconstruction policies?38.What were the effects of Reconstruction for blacks and whites in the South? Explain how important black families, churches, schools, and other institutions were to the development of African-American culture and political activism during Reconstruction. How did the failure of land reform and continued poverty lead to new forms of servitude for both blacks and whites?39.What were the political achievements and failures of the Grant administration?40.What was the Compromise of 1877, and how did it affect Reconstruction? What were the main factors, in both the North and South, for the abandonment of Reconstruction? 41.In 1865, the former Confederate general Robert Richardson remarked that “the emancipated slaves own nothing, because nothing but freedom has been given to them.” Explain whether this would be an accurate assessment of Reconstruction twelve years later.42.The women’s movement split into two separate national organizations in part because the Fifteenth Amendment did not give women the right to vote. Explain why the two groups split.43.Why did ownership of land and control of labor become major points of contention between former slaves and whites in the South? By what methods did southern whites seek to limit African American civil rights and liberties?44.How did the New South differ from the South before the Civil War? ................
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