00-1 APES study guide 3



APES Study Guide 3

Life on Earth: Organization and Evolution

This is the first of four units in APES which will introduce and/or reacquaint you with some of the concepts fundamental to understanding the ecology of the Earth.

Textbook Reference

Miller, Living In The Environment, 16th edition: Chapters 3-4 (p50-98) (48 pages)

Outside Reading

Gonick, and Outwater, The Cartoon Guide to the Environment Chapter 2

Vocabulary (63)

|species |biomass |food chain |

|ecosystem |net production |food web soil profile |

|biotic |gross production |soil texture |

|abiotic |primary production |soil horizons (O, A, B, C) |

|habitat |secondary production |humus |

|biome |energy efficiency |Infiltration |

|photosynthesis |ecological (trophic-level) efficiency |leaching |

|respiration |entropy |biological evolution |

|aerobic |energy pyramid |coevolution |

|anaerobic |trophic level |speciation |

|producer |residence time |extinction |

|primary consumer |limiting factor |geographic isolation |

|secondary consumer |nutrients |genetic drift |

|tertiary consumer |hydrologic cycle |competitive exclusion |

|detritus |carbon cycle |mutation |

|decomposer |nitrogen cycle |natural selection |

|phytoplankton |nitrification |ecological niche |

|zooplankton |nitrogen fixation |fundamental niche |

|autotroph |denitrification |realized niche |

|heterotroph |oxygen cycle |generalist species |

|biodiversity |phosphorus cycle |specialist species |

Study Guide Questions (SGQs)

|1. Describe a food chain with two levels of consumers. Explain how energy flows into |6. Describe the role of decomposers in the cycling of nutrients through the |6. Define sustainability as it applies to the use of resources. Provide three |

|the food web, and how it flows out. Describe the changes the energy undergoes between|ecosystem. Speculate on the consequences, to life, of the extinction of every species|examples, from you own experience, in which you identify and describe the barriers to|

|the time it enters and the time it leaves your food chain. |of decomposer on Earth. |attaining sustainability with regards to the use of a resource. |

|2. Explain what the measurement of net primary productivity represents in an |7. Write an argument (a series of statements in support of a central premise) based |7. Of all of the environmental issues that face the world today (air pollution, water|

|ecosystem. Explain why the NPP of swamps, marshes, and estuaries differ dramatically |on sound environmental science, to support humans eating an entirely vegetarian diet.|pollution, water supply, human population, deforestation, loss of genetic diversity, |

|from the NPP of open ocean, tundra and deserts. |8. Describe the conditions that lead to the color change of peppered moths in England|global climate change, etc.), which do you think most threatens the continued |

|3. Describe the events that lead to the formation of soil. Identify the different |during the industrial revolution. |survival and well-being of human beings? The Earth? Why? |

|materials that are present in soils that change the texture, color, pH, and fertility|9. Explain how each of the following contributes to biological evolution: |8. Define environmental science. What are its strengths and limitations. Distinguish |

|of the soil. |a) mutations |between environmental science and ecology. |

|4. Identify and discuss the consequences of three human activities that have resulted|b) natural selection |9. Explain how human activities increase the magnitude and frequency of some natural |

|in major changes to the nitrogen cycle. For each activity identified and discussed, |c) geographic isolation |processes. Give at least one specific example. |

|suggest one strategy for lessening the impact of the human activity. |d) genetic drift |10. With economic development comes urbanization. Discuss the implication that this |

|5. Identify and discuss the consequences of three human activities that have resulted|e) migration |trend has on the environment. Explain the role of economics in determining public |

|in major changes to the phosphorus cycle. For each activity identified and discussed,|10. Describe the role that extinction has played in biological evolution. Discuss how|policies. Use examples to illustrate your explanation. |

|suggest one strategy for lessening the impact of the human activity. |the current mass extinction of species differs from past mass extinction events, and | |

| |the consequences of this current mass extinction. | |

APES Calendar

|Monday |Tuesday |Wednesday |Thursday |Friday |

|September 17 |September 18 |September 19 |September 20 |September 21 |

| |In Class: |In Class: |In Class: |In Class: |

| |Discuss: Ozone Depletion |Discuss: Ozone Depletion |In-Class Essay |NO CLASS DUE TO CHANGE IN BAT |

|School Closed | |HW: | |SCHEDULE |

| |HW: |Prepare for test |HW: |HW: |

| |Prepare for test |SGQs 6-10 |Prepare for test |Prepare for test |

| | |BAT SCHEDULE |SGQs 6-10 |SGQs 6-10 |

| |BAT SCHEDULE | |BAT SCHEDULE |BAT SCHEDULE |

|Monday |Tuesday |Wednesday |Thursday |Friday |

|September 24 |September 25 |September 26 |September 27 |September 28 |

| | |No School |Early Release |Quiz |

|In Class: |Unit 2 Test | |In Class: |In Class: |

|Grade In-Class Essay |Unit 2 Vocabulary Due | |Discuss: Major Components 3.2 |Discuss: Major Components & |

|What is life? Connections in |SGQs 6-10 Due | | |Energy flow and nutrient cycling|

|nature 3.1 |HW: | |HW: |3.3 |

|HW: |SGQs 1-5 | |read 5 pages |Handout: |

|read 5 pages |read 5 pages | |10 vocabulary |Foodweb activity of different |

|10 vocabulary |10 vocabulary | |Corrections for unit test |biomes |

| | | | |HW: |

| | | | |read 10 pages |

| | | | |10 vocabulary |

|Monday |Tuesday |Wednesday |Thursday |Friday |

|October 1 |October 2 |October 3 |October 4 |October 5 |

|In Class: |Quiz |In Class: |Early Release (PD) |Quiz |

|Food Chains & Food Web 3.4 |In Class: |Biodiversity 4.1 & Species |In Class: |In Class: |

| |Cycles of Nature 3.5 How |Origin 4.2 |Plate Tectonics change of |Biodiversity Affected by humans |

|Foodweb activity of different |scientist study ecosystems 3.6 | |climate & evolution 4.3 |(speciation& extinction) 4.4 & |

|biomes | |Carbon Recycle Game |Handout: |Why Species diversity important |

| | | | |4.5 |

|SGQs 1-5 due |HW: | |Plate tectonics lab |HW: |

|HW: |read 5 pages |HW: | |read 5 pages |

|read 5 pages |10 vocabulary |read 5 pages |HW: |10 vocabulary |

|10 vocabulary | |10 vocabulary |read 5 pages | |

| | | |10 vocabulary | |

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