CRITICAL THINKING
CRITICAL THINKING: Argument Structure
1. One claim supports the other (in a proving sort of way)
Alex is feeling better. I hear him laughing a lot more.
We ran out of milk. That’s why I went to the store.
2. Any given claim can function as a premise or conclusion.
All cats have dander. Dander makes me sneeze.
Daisy is a cat. Daisy has dander
C Daisy has dander C Daisy makes me sneeze.
3. Arguments can have unstated premises
Karen will do well in law school, because Karen did well in logic.
Unstated premise or assumption:
Karen did well in logic.
[unstated or implicit premise]
Conclusion: Karen will do well in law school
Karen did well in logic.
Doing well in logic means that you will do well in law school.
Conclusion: Karen will do well in law school
4. Arguments can have unstated Conclusions
If he copied that paragraph from an internet article, he committed plagiarism.
He copied that paragraph from an internet article
Voila
5. Arguments can have Dependent Premises
PREMISES: Dependent vs. Independent
Independent Dependent Premises
The premise stands on its own. More than one premise must
The premise supports the conclusion be true for the premise to
even if the other premise is false. support the conclusion.
Smoking costs too much. All cats have dander.
Smoking gives you heart disease. Daisy is a cat.
Smoking gives you wrinkles. C: Daisy has dander
Smoking gives you lung cancer.
C: You shouldn’t smoke
Can also say you have four arguments for the same conclusion.
Smoking costs too much.
C: You shouldn’t smoke
Smoking increases your chance of heart disease.
C: You shouldn’t smoke
Smoking gives you wrinkles.
C: You shouldn’t smoke
• Smoking gives you lung cancer.
C: You shouldn’t smoke.
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