STRUCTURALISM: Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener

STRUCTURALISM:

STRUCTURALISM:

Wilhelm

Wilhelm Wundt

Wundt and

and Edward

Edward Titchener

Titchener

Wilhelm

Wilhelm Wundt

Wundt (1832-1920):

(1832-1920):

?Established

?Establishedfirst

firstPsychology

PsychologyLab

Labinin

Germany.

Germany.

?Defined

?Definedpsychology

psychologyas

asthe

thescience

scienceof

ofhuman

human

mind

mindand

andconsciousness.

consciousness.

?Used

?Usedthe

themethod

methodof

ofobjective

objectiveintrospection

introspection

totoidentify

identifythe

thebasic

basicmental

mentalelements.

elements.

Edward

EdwardTitchener

Titchener(1867-1927):

(1867-1927):

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

?Transferred

?TransferredWundt¡¯s

Wundt¡¯sideas

ideastotoAmerica.

America.

Psychology - Dr. Hsu

FUNCTIONALISM

FUNCTIONALISM

William

William James

James

William

William James

James (1842-1910):

(1842-1910):

?Published

?Published¡°Principles

¡°Principlesof

ofPsychology¡±

Psychology¡±inin

1890.

1890. The

Thebook

bookcovers

coversaawide

widerange

rangeof

of

topics,

topics,opening

openingup

upthe

thefield

fieldof

ofpsychology.

psychology.

?Opposed

?OpposedWundt¡¯s

Wundt¡¯selemental

elementalapproach,

approach,

believed

believedthat

that¡°consciousness

¡°consciousnessisisaaconstant

constant

flow¡±.

flow¡±.

William James (1842-1910)

?Believed

?Believedthat

thatpsychology

psychologyshould

shouldfocus

focuson

on

the

theusefulness

usefulness (or

(orfunctions)

functions)of

ofmental

mental

(learning

(learningand

andperceptual)

perceptual)abilities

abilities---functionalism.

functionalism.

Psychology - Dr. Hsu

BEHAVIORISM:

BEHAVIORISM:

John

John B.

B. Watson

Watson

John

John B.

B. Watson

Watson (1878-1958):

(1878-1958):

?Argued

?Arguedstrongly

stronglyagainst

againststructuralism

structuralismand

and

contended

contendedthat

thatpsychology

psychologyshould

shouldfocus

focusonly

onlyon

on

measurable

measurableand

andobservable

observablebehavior

behavior---behaviorism.

behaviorism.

?Defined

?Definedpsychology

psychologyas

asthe

thescience

scienceof

ofbehavior.

behavior.

?The

?Thetask

taskof

ofpsychologists

psychologistsisistotoestablish

establishthe

the

laws

lawsof

ofbehavior:

behavior: SS(stimulus)

(stimulus) ----------- RR

(response).

(response).

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

?Believed

?Believedininthe

thedominant

dominantinfluence

influenceof

oflearning

learning

and

andenvironment

environmentas

asopposed

opposedand

andheredity.

heredity.

Psychology - Dr. Hsu

BEHAVIORISM:

BEHAVIORISM:

B.

B. F.

F. Skinner

Skinner

B.

B. F.

F. Skinner

Skinner (1904-1990):

(1904-1990):

?A

?Astrong

strongbeliever

believerof

ofbehaviorism.

behaviorism.

?Contributed

?Contributedenormously

enormouslyininthe

thearea

areaof

of

operant

operantconditioning

conditioning--learning

learningby

bythe

the

consequences

consequencesof

of behavior.

behavior.

?Emphasized

?Emphasizedthe

theroles

rolesof

ofreinforcement

reinforcementand

and

punishment

punishmentininshaping

shapingand

andmodifying

modifying

behavior.

behavior.

B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)

Psychology - Dr. Hsu

PSYCHOANALYSIS:

PSYCHOANALYSIS:

Sigmund

Sigmund Freud

Freud

Sigmund

Sigmund Freud

Freud (1856-1939)

(1856-1939)

?Founder

?Founderof

ofPsychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis--aapersonality

personality

theory

theoryand

andan

anapproach

approachtotopsychotherapy.

psychotherapy.

?Stressed

?Stressedthe

theimportance

importanceof

ofunconscious

unconscious

motives.

motives.

?Emphasized

?Emphasizedthe

theroles

rolesof

ofearly

earlychildhood

childhood

experience

experience(psychosexual

(psychosexualstages).

stages).

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Psychology - Dr. Hsu

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