Ch 1 Getting Started with the Operating System



Chapter 1

Getting Started with the Operating System

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Define operating system.

2. Define enhancements.

3. Explain the function and purpose of OS version numbers

4. List some of the types of system configurations.

5. Explain the need and procedure for booting the system.

6. Explain the function of disk files.

7. Explain the function of and rules used for file specifications.

8. List and explain the importance of the two types of computer files.

9. Describe the function and purpose of commands.

10. Compare and contrast internal and external commands.

11. Explain the function and purpose of the DIR, VER, and CLS commands.

12. Explain the purpose of and the procedure for using the DATE and TIME commands.

13. Explain the legal and ethical ramifications of copying disks that were not purchased.

14. Explain the purpose and function of the DISKCOPY command.

15. Explain the necessary steps to end a work session.

STUDENT OUTCOMES

1. Identify your system configurations.

2. Boot the system.

3. Use the DIR command to display the files on the screen.

4. Use the VER command to determine which version of Windows is being used.

5. Use the CLS command to clear the screen.

6. Use the DATE and TIME commands to set or change the date and time on the computer.

7. Make a copy of a disk.

8. End a computer work session.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

1. An operating system is a software program that is required in order to run application software and to oversee the hardware components of the computer system.

2. Windows is the major operating system in use today on Wintel microcomputers.

3. All microcomputers come with disk drives. There are three basic types of disk drives: the floppy disk drive, the hard disk drive, and the CD-ROM drive.

4. Computer systems are configured in various ways, such as: 1) one hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, and one floppy disk drive, 2) one hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, one floppy disk drive, and one Zip drive, 3) two hard disk drives, one CD-ROM drive, and one floppy disk drive, or 4) one hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, one read-write CD-ROM drive, and one floppy disk drive.

5. Booting the system, also known as a cold start, means more than powering on the system. It loads the operating system into memory and executes the self-diagnostic test routine.

6. Internal commands are programs loaded in CMD.EXE with the operating system. They remain in memory until the power is turned off.

7. External commands are stored on a disk and must be loaded into memory each time they are used. They are transient and do not remain in memory after being executed.

8. Programs and data are stored on disks as files. The formal name for this is file specification, which includes the file name and the file extension.

9. A command is a program. A program is the set of instructions telling the computer what to do.

10. Programs (commands) must be loaded into memory in order to be executed.

11. To load a program into memory, the user can key in the command name at the system prompt or click on the command’s icon.

12. The DIR command is an internal command that displays the directory (table of contents) of a disk.

13. Internal commands include VER, CLS, DATE, and TIME.

• VER displays the current version of the OS that is in memory

• CLS clears the screen

• DATE and TIME allow you to look at and/or change the system date and system time, a process that can also be done from the desktop taskbar. Using the /T parameter with the DATE or TIME command will display the system date or time.

14. DISKCOPY is an external command that makes an identical copy of a floppy disk, track for track, sector for sector. It was used to make a working copy of the ACTIVITIES disk but can be used to make exact copies with any two floppy disks that are the same media type. It formats a disk prior to copying to it.

15. To end a work session with the computer, Windows must be shut down in the proper sequence and shouldn’t be turned off until a message on the screen tells you it is safe to do so.

KEY TERMS

|booting the system |file extension |program file |

|bug |file name |system date |

|command |file specification |system time |

|cursor |function key |toggle switch |

|data file |LFN |ToolTip |

|disk file |operating system | |

LECTURE NOTES

|CHAPTER OUTLINE |TEACHING SUGGESTIONS |

| | |

|CHAPTER OVERVIEW |Slides 1-10 |

|Will discuss the purpose and function of an operating system. |Chapter Overview duplicated in PowerPoint slides. |

|Will identify the system configuration and version of Windows that you are | |

|using. |After completion of lecture, suggest to students that they review |

|The need and procedure for booting the system will be explained. |Objectives and Outcomes found on first page of Chapter as a check to |

|The function of, and rules for, file specifications will be explained. |see if they have mastered concepts. |

|Will discuss why Microsoft has DOS functions available to the user. | |

|Will compare and contrast data files with system files. | |

|Will explain the purpose and function of commands and then use the commands for | |

|specific tasks. | |

|Make a copy of a disk. | |

|Learn the proper way to end a work session. | |

| | |

|WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? | |

|What is an operating system? | |

|Operating system is a software program. | |

|Must load Windows OS into RAM prior to using any software programs. | |

|OS is in charge of hardware components of computer. | |

|User communicates with OS. | |

|OS runs the system. | |

|Manages input/output of computer. | |

|Manages computer resources. |SECTION 1.1 (p. 2) |

|Runs application software. |Slides 11-13 |

| | |

| |OS – software program that makes computer work. |

| |Commands - instructions OS understands |

| |--Like verbs i.e. COPY or PRINT. |

| |Wintel machines. |

| |-Uses Intel processor |

| |- Runs Windows OS |

| |Compare running computer to conducting a concert. |

| |- Hardware is like musicians & instruments. |

| |Application software is like the score |

| |- Hardware can “play” applications. |

|VERSIONS OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) |- The OS is the conductor. |

|Versions of the Operating System (OS) |Discussion Question (1) - What is an operating system? |

|New OS versions take advantage of new technology. | |

|Upgrades contain enhancements. |SECTION 1.2 (pp.2-3) |

|More functions and/or commands available. |Slides 14-15 |

|Fix problems (bugs). | |

|Each new version assigned a number. |Much of information in text applicable to most versions of Windows OS. |

|Following are/were primarily used on Personal desktop computers. |Textbook assumes Windows XP Professional installed on hard disk or the |

|First version -Windows 95 4.00.950 (released 1995). |network server. |

|95.4.00.1111 (minor release). |If students have not installed or upgraded to Windows XP Professional |

|Major update with Windows 98, Version 4.101.998. |on personal computer refer them to documentation that came with Windows|

|Next - W ME. |software so they can initiate installation or upgrade. |

|WNT Workstation – for software developers (engineers). |Good time to introduce students to your lab procedures and/or |

|WNT Server – large corporation – network administrators manage networked |instructions for work to be done at home or at the office. |

|computers with various security needs. |Windows XP Professional Edition – disabled features. |

|W2K replaced WNT Workstations. |- Backup – must be installed separately. |

|Desktop OS in Network environment. |- Multiprocessor support – not supported. |

|Stand alone OS. |- Domain based network support – not supported |

|Current version of W OS is Windows XP. |- User administration – |

|Two versions. |-----Less control over user accounts |

|Windows XP Home Edition |-----W XP Home edition can set up user accounts for multiple users on |

|Windows XP Professional |same computer and provide levels of security. |

|Two versions similar. |-----W XP Professional has a much more robust set of user account |

|Primary difference is that Windows XP Home Edition contains certain features |Administration. |

|that are disabled. |- File Encryption – not supported on NTFS formatted disk. |

|See right column for specifics. |- Remote Desktop – not supported |

|Other versions of XP |-----Feature that allows user to see desktop of another computer. |

|Designed for |- Offline files and folders not supported |

|Very fast processing of large amounts of data. |-----Feature allows copying of files from a server to a notebook |

|Server-based computing. |computer or to work offline from a server. |

|Designed to run on servers rather than workstations. Server-based computing. |- Upgrades – |

| |-----Cannot upgrade to Windows XP Home Edition from Windows NT or |

| |W2000. |

| |-----Can upgrade from W 98 or W Me to either version of Windows XP. |

| |Servers – computers that provide services to other computers on |

|OVERVIEW OF FILES AND DISKS |network. |

|Overview of Files and Disks |Discussion Question (2) -What are enhancements? |

|Disks are primary way to save data/programs permanently. | |

|Files – used to organize data for ease of retrieval. |SECTION 1.3 (pp. 3-4) |

|Office analogy. |Slides 15-17 |

|Disk file same as file folder in file cabinet. |Lose everything when computer turned off. |

|File drawer is disk. |A file is a set of related information stored on disk in “file folder |

|File cabinet is box of disks. |with a unique name. |

| | |

|FILE NAMES, FILE TYPES, AND FOLDERS | |

|File Names, File Types, and Folders | |

|File name (technically file specification). | |

|Must have a unique name. | |

|Comes in two parts. | |

|File name. | |

|Mandatory. | |

|Describes/identifies contents of file. | |

|Prior, W used (DOS) 8.3 rule. | |

|Now, file names can be maximum of 255 characters (LFN’s). |SECTION 1.4 (pp.4-6) |

|- Three letter extension (file type) remains. |Slides 18-25 |

|Consider using 8.3 rule. | |

|Some software/network OS does not recognize or have problems with long file |Naming files. |

|names. |- Short name. |

|Storing long file names takes up space. |- Descriptive name. |

|File extension. |Stress |

|Not mandatory. |- File name - mandatory |

|Identifies type of file. |- File extension – not mandatory. |

|Tells what kind of data is in file. |Discuss. |

|.EXE stands for executable code. |- 8.3 rule. |

|One to three characters. |- Other file extensions: .txt, .doc, etc. |

|Two major types of files. |Stress. |

|Program files. |- Difference between data files and program files. |

|Applications – used to solve a problem or carry out an activity. |- Information in data files generated by an application program. |

|Program files are step-by-step instructions that tell computer to “do” |- Data file can usually only be read by the application program that |

|something. |created it. |

|Fall into generic categories (word processing or spreadsheet programs). |OS does not create data files or program files, only manages them. |

|Must be placed into RAM for application programs to do work. |If possible, demonstrate a program executing. |

|When not working kept on disk. |Terms directories/subdirectories/folders used interchangeably. |

|Data files. |Stress difference between root directory and user-created |

|Information generated from specific application programs. |subdirectories. |

|Usually only application programs can read data files. | |

|Can only be used in conjunction with an application program. |Discussion Question (10) - Identify and explain the function and |

|Folders or directories. |purpose of the two parts of a file specification. |

|Technically subdirectories. | |

|Terms directory/subdirectory/folders used interchangeably. | |

|OS can divide/structure disks into directories. | |

|Allows grouping of related programs/data files for easy access. | |

|Root directory is created when disk is prepared. | |

|Primary directory. | |

|Symbol is \ (the backslash). | |

| | |

|IDENTIFYING YOUR SYSTEM CONFIGURATION | |

|Identifying Your System Configuration | |

|All computers come with disk drives: (floppy, hard/fixed, CD-ROM or DVD, | |

|removable drive i.e. ZIP). | |

|Many computer system configurations. | |

|One hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, and one floppy disk drive. | |

|One hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, one floppy disk drive, and one Zip drive.| |

|Two hard disk drives, one CD-ROM drive, and one floppy disk drive. | |

|One hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, one read-write CD-ROM drive, and one | |

|floppy disk drive. | |

| | |

| | |

|COMPUTER CONFIGURATION GUIDE | |

|Computer Configuration Guide | |

|Textbook based on a specific computer configuration that is most common to PC | |

|users. | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|BOOTING THE SYSTEM |SECTION 1.5 (p. 6) |

|Booting the System |Slide 26 |

|Moves OS programs from system disk to memory (RAM) so computer can be used. | |

|Done automatically with Windows when system is turned on. |Discuss. |

|Can boot from Drive A with bootable floppy. |- Your lab configuration. |

| |- Computer system configuration. |

| |- Any deviation from textbook-defined configuration. |

|ACTIVITY—BOOTING THE SYSTEM |Computers can be configured to suit needs of user. |

|Booting the System | |

|Activity steps. |Discussion Question (3) - Define system configuration. |

|Turn on monitor |Discussion Question (4) - List two common ways that computer systems |

|No disk in Drive A |are configured. |

|Power on computer | |

|Log onto system. | |

|Enter user name/password. |SECTION 1.6 (pp. 6-7) |

|Click OK. |Slides 27-28 |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

| |Discuss two slides |

| |--First - compares previous window versions with XP |

| |--Second – compares book to individual user set up |

| | |

| | |

| |SECTION 1.7 (pp. 7-8) |

| |Slide 29 |

| | |

| |Need to know where OS is located. |

| |Discuss if special process is needed to boot system in your lab. |

| |Discussion Question (5) - Why is it necessary to boot the system? |

| | |

| |SECTION 1.8 (pp.8-9) |

| |Slides 30-33 |

| | |

| |Review any special lab procedures and the handling of disks. |

| |Demonstrate network log on. |

| |Discuss Startup Sequence when booting from primary hard disk (See Power|

| |Slide). |

| |- BIOS |

| |Initiates POST |

| |Finds boot device |

| |Loads first physical sector of booting device into memory. |

| |- Ntldr is loaded |

| |Ntldr loads for hardware detection. |

| |- Hardware configuration selection if user is using more than one |

| |hardware. |

| |- Ntldr loads Windows Kernel Ntoskrnl.exe into memory, which also loads|

| |support files it needs. |

| |- Hardware scanning files, which ask which Plug and Play devices, are |

| |installed as well as their capabilities. |

| |- Media support files for the hard drive and other media storage |

| |devices. |

| |- Any special video drivers are loaded. |

| |- Then loads drivers for all services system supports. A service in |

| |this case refers to a program, routine or process that performs a |

| |specific system function to support other programs, particularly at a |

| |low level. (hardware). |

| |- Operating system logon process. |

| |Discussion Question (6) - How would you boot the system? |

| | |

| |SECTION 1.9 (p. 10) |

| |Slide 34 |

|SHUTTING DOWN THE SYSTEM | |

|Shutting Down the System | |

|Must shut down system properly. | |

|During shut down process Windows writes certain information to the disk. | |

|If computer just shut off: | |

|System could "Crash". | |

|May not be able to boot the next time computer is turned on. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—WINDOWS SHUT-DOWN PROCEDURE | |

|Windows Shut-Down Procedure |SECTION 1.10 (p. 10) |

|Activity steps. |Slide 35 |

|Demonstrate shutting down computer. | |

|Discuss difference between computer that automatically shuts down and one where |Discuss. |

|you turn off power switch and monitor. |- What “Click” means. |

|Activity completed. |- Lab procedure if logging off and not shutting down computer. |

| | |

|WHY DOS? | |

|Why DOS? | |

|Windows is a GUI (graphical user interface). |SECTION 1.11 (pp. 10-12) |

|Use icons, menu choices, and pictures. |Slides 36-41 |

|User friendly. | |

|DOS. |Windows will alert user to problems. |

|Character-based operating system. |- Sometimes they can be fixed at GUI level. - Other times user needs to|

|Work with prompt as C:\> |go to command line interface to identify and fix the problem. |

|Command line interface. |“DOS” is shorthand for “command line interface”. |

|Need to know command & how to use it. |Use auto analogy – DOS is like going under the hood of a car. |

|Why learn DOS? | |

|Many tasks cannot be done from GUI. | |

|Windows utility programs only run at command line help to solve problems with | |

|Windows. | |

|Other tasks accomplished easier/faster from command line prompt. | |

|Assumption that user “knows” DOS. | |

|Error messages couched in DOS terms. | |

|Some programs only run from DOS system level. | |

|Internet users use command line that is similar to DOS. | |

|Work with networks or career in network administration – rely on command line | |

|interfaces. | |

|Career in computer-related field – must know command line interface. | |

|W XP has expanded list of commands available at command line. | |

|W OS – write batch files – written, tested and run at command line interface. | |

|XP has more powerful commands available than in W ME and W98. | |

|Knowing DOS a must if working for A+ Certification. | |

| | |

|ACCESSING THE COMMAND LINE PROMPT | |

|Accessing the Command Line Prompt | |

|To use command line interface must open DOS window. | |

|Open DOS from menu or create shortcut. | |

|Do not turn off computer when in DOS window. | |

|Exit DOS Window. | |

|Follow Windows shut-down procedures. | |

| | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—THE COMMAND LINE PROMPT | |

|The Command Line Prompt | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Boot the system | |

|Click Start/Programs/Accessories/Command Prompt/X on title bar in right corner. | |

|Right-click desktop. | |

|Point to New. Click Shortcut. | |

|In text box, key in: C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\CMD.EXE | |

|Click Next. | |

|Key in: Command Prompt and then Click Finish. |SECTION 1.12 (pp. 12-13) |

|Double-click Command Prompt shortcut. |Slide 42 |

|Click X on title bar in right corner. | |

|Right-click Command Prompt shortcut. Click Properties. |Screen display may differ from textbook. |

|Select text in Start in: text box and Key in: C:\ |- Ignore minor differences. |

|Click OK. Double-click Command Prompt icon. |- Significant differences – note and explain. |

|Click X on title bar in right corner. | |

|Activity competed. | |

| | |

|CONTROLLING THE APPEARANCE OF THE COMMAND LINE WINDOW | |

|Controlling the Appearance of the Command Line Window | |

|Initially everything appears in window with a title bar and tool bar. | |

|Can change appearance of command-line window. |SECTION 1.13 (pp. 13-16) |

|Can use Minimize, Maximize or Restore buttons. |Slide 43 |

|Can alter size of text in the window when in window view. | |

|Can dispense with window and view command line in full screen mode. |Are there instructions for creating shortcuts in lab? |

|Use and keys to toggle (switch) between a window and full-screen |Discuss. |

|mode. |- Function of wizard. |

| |- Naming shortcuts. |

|ACTIVITY—ALTERING THE COMMAND LINE WINDOW | |

|Altering the Command Line Window | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Double-click Command Prompt shortcut. | |

|Click Minimize button on title bar. | |

|Click Command Prompt button on toolbar. | |

|Click Maximize button on title bar. | |

|Click Restore button. | |

|Click icon in upper-left corner of screen. | |

|Click Properties/Font/Cancel | |

|Key in: EXIT | |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

| | |

|THE DEFAULT DRIVE AND DEFAULT DIRECTORY | |

|The Default Drive and Default Directory | |

|MS-DOS prompt (command prompt). |SECTION 1.14 (p. 16) |

|Where commands are keyed in. |Slides 44-45 |

|Blinking cursor followed by the prompt. | |

|Prompt looks like C:\>_ or [C:\]_ | |

|Note: _ represents blinking cursor. | |

|Letter and colon behind greater than sign or in brackets is default drive. | |

|\ has two functions. | |

|Indicates root directory when preceded by a colon. | |

|Acts as separator between directories. | |

|Default drive and directory is your location. | |

|Where OS is currently pointing. | |

|Where OS looks to locate commands or files if no other instructions are given. | |

|Default drive and directory that is displayed at command line prompt depends on:| |

|Setup of particular computer. | |

|Number of hard drives. | |

|Current running software. | |

|Drives can be easily changed. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—CHANGING THE DEFAULT DRIVE | |

|Changing the Default Drive | |

|You should be at Windows desktop. | |

|Activity Steps | |

|Click Start/Programs/Accessories. Click Command Prompt. | |

|Insert a disk into floppy disk drive. | |

|Key in: A: | |

|Activity completed. |SECTION 1.15 (pp. 16-18) |

| |Slide 46 |

| | |

| |Discuss. |

|UNDERSTANDING COMMANDS |- ToolTips. |

|Understanding Commands |- TrueType fonts – better for use in application programs |

|Commands are programs that perform specific tasks. |- Raster (bit-mapped) fonts – clearer and sharper in a Command Prompt |

|OS commands are either internal or external. |window. |

|Internal commands. |- Why you do not turn off computer at Command Prompt. |

|When system booted - automatically loaded/stored in memory (RAM). |Review Windows shut-down procedure. |

|Built into command processor CMD.EXE. | |

|Remain in RAM as long as computer on. | |

|To use: |SECTION 1.16 (pp. 18-19) |

|Key in name at command line. |Slides 47-50 |

|Click icon. | |

|External commands. |A pointing device usually not used when in command prompt mode. |

|Stored as files on a disk. |Command prompt is character based. |

|Called external (transient commands) because they reside in a file on a disk. |Make sure students understand concept of defaults. |

|Must be read into RAM each time command is keyed in. |Most common prompts will be: |

|W2K OS used to load/execute programs. |- C:\> |

|Click/double-click program icon or choose program from menu. |- C:\WINDOWS> |

|OS first looks for program in memory. |- C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32> |

|If found loads program. |All drives use a letter followed by a colon. |

|If program not found goes to specified location including disk drive as well as | |

|directory. | |

|If icon has incorrect information Windows gives error message. | |

|All program files are external. | |

|Term "external command" reserved for group of programs that perform operating | |

|system functions. | |

|Generically referred to as command line utility files/system utility files. | |

|No icons in the MS-DOS window. | |

|To use commands must know file name. | |

|DIR command. | |

|Internal command – seek files from command line. | |

|Explorer equivalent to DIR command. | |

|“Table of Contents” of the disk. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—USING THE DIR COMMAND | |

|Using the DIR Command | |

|Note: ACTIVITIES disk in Drive A. | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Key in: DIR | |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

| | |

| |SECTION 1.17 (pp. 19-20) |

| |Slides 51-52 |

| | |

| |Important concepts to cover. |

|SOFTWARE VERSIONS |- Demonstrate how to properly insert disk. |

|Software Versions |- In this text C:\> will be prompt. |

|New software versions released to take advantage of new technology. |- - press Enter key. |

|Contain enhancements (more features) and fix bugs. |- Key in what follows prompt – not the prompt itself. |

|To keep track of versions, version numbers are assigned. |Refer to Configuration Table – Chapter 1.6 for correct computer |

|Major changes - whole number. |configuration. |

|Minor changes - decimal. | |

|Version numbers also assigned to OS. |SECTION 1.18 (pp. 20-21) |

|Beginning with W95 – DOS integrated into Windows OS. |Slides 53-59 |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—USING THE VER COMMAND |Discuss commands and programs. |

|Using the VER Command |Internal (resident) commands. |

|Activity steps. |- Reside in memory or inside computer. |

|Key in: VER |- Take up valuable space. |

|Activity completed. |External commands. |

| |- Reside in a file on a disk. |

|THE CLS COMMAND |Discussion Question (11) - What is the difference between a command and|

|The CLS Command |a program? |

|Clears or "refreshes" screen. |Discussion question (12) - Compare and contrast internal and external |

|Returns cursor to home position. |commands. |

|Command erases screen display not files. |Discussion Question (13) - What is the purpose of the DIR command? |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—USING THE CLS COMMAND | |

|Using the CLS Command | |

|Activity Steps. | |

|Key in: CLS | |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

|THE DATE AND TIME COMMANDS | |

|The DATE and TIME Commands | |

|DATE and TIME set automatically when system is booted. | |

|System date and system time are the date and time the computer uses when it | |

|creates or updates files. | |

|Most computers have built-in clocks. | |

|Can change or check system DATE and TIME command by using internal DATE and TIME| |

|commands at: | |

|Command line or | |

|Time displayed at far right of task bar on Windows desktop. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—USING DATE/TIME COMMANDS AT THE COMMAND LINE | |

|Using DATE/TIME Commands at the Command Line | |

|Activity Steps. | |

|Key in: DATE. | |

|Keep date if correct. | |

|Change date using hyphen, dot, or forward slash between numbers. | |

|Key in: 12-31-02. | |

|Key in: TIME. | |

|Keep time if correct. | |

|Change time using colon between numbers. | |

|Can set hour and minutes. | |

|Can set hour, minutes, and seconds. | |

|Add p after time for p.m. – a.m. is default. | |

|Can use 24-hour clock. | |

|Key in: 23:59:59 | |

|Key in: DATE /T | |

|Key in: TIME /T | |

|Discuss why date displayed is not what was keyed in. | |

|Key in: DATE. | |

|At the prompt students key in their birth date. | |

|Key in: DATE/T. | |

|Click Close in Command Prompt window. | |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—CHANGING THE DATE AND TIME USING THE TASKBAR | |

|Changing the Date and Time Using the Taskbar | |

|Activity Steps. | |

|Right-click time display on right of taskbar. Click Adjust Date/Time. | |

|Change date, month, and time to current values. | |

|Click OK. | |

|Place mouse pointer over time in taskbar to display new day and date without |SECTION 1.19 (pp.21-22) |

|opening dialog box. |Slide 60 |

|Activity completed. | |

| |Discuss. |

|MEDIA OBJECTS: THEIR PROPERTIES AND VALUES |- Scrolling. |

|Media Objects: Their Properties and Values |- Function of DIR command. |

|To Windows, everything is an object. |Select file and show file name, file extension, size, data, and time. |

|Each object |All files listed on disk are practice files. |

|has properties and may have values. |Can be used without harming personal files. |

|can be opened. | |

|can be manipulated. |SECTION 1.20 (pp. 22-23.) |

|can have settings and parameters. |Slide 61 |

|Properties may have values. | |

|Property. |W95 replaced DOS 6.22 |

|Characteristic of object. |WMe replaced W98/95 |

|All objects of same type have same properties. |W2K P replaced WNt |

|Details about file that help identify it. |WXP Home Edition upgrade of WMe |

|Examine object's property sheet to discover information about an object in |WXP upgrade of W 2K Professional |

|Windows. |Discussion Question (14) - What is the function of the VER command? |

|Values | |

|Value of each property separates one object from another. | |

| | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—EXAMINING DISK PROPERTIES AND VALUES | |

|Examining Disk Properties and Values | |

|Activity Steps. |SECTION 1.21 (p.23) |

|ACTIVITIES disk in drive A: |Slide 62 |

|Open My Computer window. | |

|Right-click A drive icon. |Version number seen depends on version of Windows installed on the |

|Click Properties/Cancel |computer. |

|Close My Computer. | |

|Activity Completed. | |

| |SECTION 1.22 (p. 23) |

|ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN COPYING DISKS |Slide 63 |

|Ethical Considerations in Copying Disks |Discussion Question (15) - What is the function of the CLS command? |

|Illegal to copy a program/disk not purchased. | |

|Most software manufacturers allow/encourage making backup copies. |SECTION 1.23 (p. 23) |

|To be both legal and ethical you must have purchased the program. |Slide 64 |

|Can copy bought CD program if you have recording CD-ROM drive. | |

|Illegal to record CD you did not purchase. |Screen cleared and C:\> is back in upper left-hand corner. |

|Next activity students will copy ACTIVITIES disk and work from the copy. | |

|Discuss why. |SECTION 1.24 (pp. 23-24) |

|Whenever possible and legal, always work from a copy not the original. |Slides 65-66 |

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|MAKING A COPY OF THE ACTIVITIES DISK: DISKCOPY |Emphasize that many application programs use system date and time. |

|Making a Copy of the ACTIVITIES Disk: DISKCOPY. |Discussion Question (16) - How can you set the date and time? |

|Making backup copy. | |

|For exact copy of a disk must use like media. | |

|Type and capacity. | |

|DISKCOPY. | |

|Program used to make backup copy of floppy disk. | |

|Only works on floppy disks of identical media types and capacity. | |

|Before it copies disk it formats it. | |

|External command. | |

|Stored as a file called in WINDOWS\SYSTEM32 OR WINNT\SYSTEM32 | |

|SUBDIRECTORY. | |

|Cannot copy from hard disk to floppy disk or vice versa. | |

| |SECTION 1.25 (pp. 24-26) |

|ACTIVITY—USING DISKCOPY |Slide 57 |

|Using DISKCOPY |Warning: If you are logged onto a DOMAIN be SURE and return the date |

|Note: Any special procedures in your lab? |and time to the current date and time before you shut down. If you do |

|Activity steps. |not do this, you may not be able to log onto that station. |

|On new label write “ACTIVITES Disk—Working Copy” and your name. Attach label to |Stress how important format is. |

|a new disk. |Clock always running. |

|Place textbook ACTIVITIES disk that came with text in Drive A. |/T parameter with DATE and TIME commands displays system date and time.|

|Open Command Prompt window and key in: CD \WINNT\SYSTEM32. |Take some students' future birthdays and identify on what day of the |

|Key in: DISKCOPY A: A: |week they will occur. |

|Press . |Discussion Question (17) - How do you set the time when using the TIME |

|Remove master ACTIVITIES disk from Drive A and insert the new blank disk |command? |

|Press . | |

|Press N and . | |

|Close Command Prompt window. | |

|Activity completed. | |

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|HOW TO END THE WORK SESSION | |

|How to End the Work Session | |

|Can end at almost any time. | |

|Anything saved on disk will not be lost. | |

|Must exit Windows properly and completely. | |

| |SECTION 1.26 (pp. 26-27) |

| |Slide 68 |

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|ACTIVITY—ENDING THE WORK SESSION |Discuss. |

|Ending the Work Session |- Spin box. |

|Note: Any special lab instructions? |- Drop-down list box. |

|Activity Steps. | |

|Close any open windows, including Command Prompt window. | |

|Click Start/Shut Down. | |

|Click OK. | |

|Follow shut down procedure. | |

|If necessary turn off monitor and system unit. | |

|Activity completed. | |

| |SECTION 1.27(pp. 27-28) |

| |Slides 69-72 |

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| |Display property sheet by right clicking on object icon and choosing |

| |Properties from shortcut menu. |

| |Value example: |

| |- Humans (objects) have names (property). Value (specific name of |

| |person) differentiates one object of same type (human) to another |

| |object of the same type (human). |

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| |Discussion Question (7) - What is an object? |

| |Discussion Question (8) - What is a property? |

| |Discussion Question (9) - What is a value? |

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| |SECTION 1.28 (pp. 28-30) |

| |Slides 73-75 |

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| |Discuss. |

| |- Left/right views of My Computer. |

| |Identify type of drive by its icon. |

| |- Properties of ACTIVITIES disk. |

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| |SECTION 1.29 (p. 30) |

| |Slides 76-77 |

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| |Stress ethics - that no one can "give" student a program. |

| |Discuss reasons for working with a copy of a disk rather than the |

| |original disk. |

| |Discussion Question (18) - What is the purpose of making a backup copy |

| |of a program? |

| |Discussion Question (19) - Why should you work with a copy of a program|

| |rather then with the original? |

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| |SECTION 1.30 (p. 30) |

| |Slides 78-79 |

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| |Stress the following: |

| |- Legality of copying programs. |

| |- Using identical media types. |

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| |Discussion Question (20) - Why is it important to know what type of |

| |media you are using when copying disks? |

| |Discussion Question (21) - What is the purpose of the DISKCOPY command?|

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| |SECTION 1.31 (pp. 31-33) |

| |Slides 80-81 |

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| |If necessary, refer to configuration table to locate correct directory.|

| |Remind students that DISKCOPY is stored as file called in |

| |WINNT\SYSTEM32 subdirectory or Windows\System32. |

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| |SECTION 1.32(p. 33) |

| |Slide 82 |

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| |If students stop in middle of an Activity they must remember what |

| |prompt was when they stopped so they will be able to return to prompt |

| |when they begin again. |

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| |SECTION 1.33 (pp. 33-34) |

| |Slide 83 |

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| |Describe your lab procedures if they are different from the textbook |

| |procedures. |

| |Discuss any log off procedures if on network. |

| |Discussion Question (22) - What are the necessary steps to ending a |

| |work session? |

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