Changes in contaminants in winter flounder, lobster, and ...

Changes in contaminants in winter flounder, lobster, and caged mussels in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays and Boston Harbor: 1995-2006

Massachusetts Water Resources Authority

Environmental Quality Department Report 2008-09

Citation:

Kane-Driscoll S, Edwards M, Pembroke A, Nestler EC, and C Gurshin. 2008. Changes in contaminants in winter flounder, lobster, and caged mussels in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays and Boston Harbor: 1995-2006. Boston: Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. Report 2008-09. 73 p.

Changes in contaminants in winter flounder, lobster, and caged mussels in

Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays and Boston Harbor: 1995-2006

submitted to

Massachusetts Water Resources Authority Environmental Quality Department 100 First Avenue Charlestown Navy Yard Boston, MA 02129 (617) 242-6000

prepared by Susan Kane-Driscoll1

Melanie Edwards2 Ann Pembroke3 Eric Nestler3 Chris Gurshin3 1Exponent

8 Winchester Place, Suite 303 Winchester, MA 01890 2Exponent

15375 SE 30th Place, Suite 250 Bellevue, WA 98007

3Normandeau Associates, Inc. 25 Nashua Road

Bedford, NH 03110

June 2008

Changes in contaminants in winter flounder, lobster, and caged mussels in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays and Boston Harbor: 1995-2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS

June 2008 Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1

2.0 METHODS ...............................................................................................................................8

2.1 DATA HANDLING..............................................................................................................8 2.2 STATISTICAL METHODS....................................................................................................8

2.2.1 BACI Analysis.....................................................................................................9 2.2.2 Analysis of Variance..........................................................................................10

3.0 MUSSELS...............................................................................................................................11

3.1 BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND BIOACCUMULATION.............................................................11 3.1.1 Distribution and Movement ...............................................................................11 3.1.2 Feeding Ecology ................................................................................................11 3.1.3 Bioaccumulation and Indicator Species Potential..............................................11 3.1.4 Previous MWRA Findings.................................................................................12

3.2 RESULTS OF THE BACI...................................................................................................13 3.2.1 Outfall Site.........................................................................................................13 3.2.2 Deer Island Light ...............................................................................................18 3.2.3 Large Navigation Buoy......................................................................................19

3.3 RESULTS OF THE ANOVA..............................................................................................20

4.0 LOBSTER...............................................................................................................................28

4.1 BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND BIOACCUMULATION.............................................................28 4.1.1 Distribution and Movement ...............................................................................28 4.1.2 Habitat and Feeding Ecology.............................................................................29 4.1.3 Bioaccumulation ................................................................................................30 4.1.4 Suitability as an Indicator Species .....................................................................30 4.1.5 Previous MWRA Findings.................................................................................30

4.2 RESULTS OF THE BACI...................................................................................................31 4.3 RESULTS OF THE ANOVA..............................................................................................37

5.0 WINTER FLOUNDER .........................................................................................................46

5.1 BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND BIOACCUMULATION.............................................................46 5.1.1 Distribution and Movement ...............................................................................46 5.1.2 Bioaccumulation ................................................................................................47 5.1.3 Suitability as an Indicator Organism .................................................................47 5.1.4 Previous MWRA Findings.................................................................................48

5.2 RESULTS OF THE BACI...................................................................................................48 5.3 RESULTS OF THE ANOVA..............................................................................................53

6.0 COMPARISON TO THRESHOLDS...................................................................................61

6.1 COMPARISON TO FDA LEVELS AND EPA RISK-BASED CONCENTRATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH.............................................................................................................61

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Changes in contaminants in winter flounder, lobster, and caged mussels in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays and Boston Harbor: 1995-2006

June 2008

6.2 COMPARISON OF MUSSELS TO EPA EQUILIBRIUM PARTITIONING BENCHMARKS FOR THE PROTECTION OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS............................................................61

7.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHANGES TO THE MONITORING PROGRAM ................................................................................................66 7.1 MUSSELS ........................................................................................................................66 7.2 LOBSTER.........................................................................................................................67 7.3 WINTER FLOUNDER........................................................................................................67

8.0 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................68

9.0 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................69

APPENDIX A DATA APPENDIX B STATISTICAL ANALYSES

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