Age of Industry, Immigration & The Gilded Age



A Nation Transformed

1860-1910

Chapters 14-17

Directed Reading Packet

Directions:  BEFORE you read the assignment from the text, READ/REVIEW the questions for that section to guide your reading and point out important topics to notice as you read as notes or an outline in your notebook.

The Western Crossroads Chapter 14

□ Read Chapter 14-1 pages 434-441 Natives

□ Chapter 14-2 pages 442-448 Farmers

Apache Warrior

 As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. What did the Fort Laramie Treaty state? When was it written?

2. What was the purpose of the Bureau of Indian Affairs?

3. Why was the reservation system created? Was it successful? Explain.

4. What did the Dawes Act state? How did it effect Native Americans?

5. How did the U.S. Government try to assimilate American Indians? What was their reasoning for doing this? Were they successful?

6. Identify and Describe three federal government acts designed to promote economic development in the west.

7. Why do you think Exodusters would head west?

8. What was the purpose of the USDA?

9. What new technologies were developed for farmers’ use in the west?

Read Chapter 14-3 pages 449-454 Ranchers

Chapter 14-4 pages 455-459 Miners

As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. Why were there conflicts between cattle and sheep ranchers?

2. Identify: cowboy, vaquero, long drives, railhead, open range, vigilante.

3. Why did cattle drives lead to the development of western cities and towns?

4. What new technologies were developed for ranchers’ use in the west?

5. What was the Comstock Lode?

6. Why was Seward’s Folly really not so very foolish at all?

7. In what ways did mining change as it became a big business?

8. What was the role of unions?

9. **Extra Credit: Research the UMW strike in Ludlow, CO circa 1914?

The Second Industrial Revolution Chapter 15

Read Chapter 15-1 pages 464-472 Inventions

 As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. How did the development of steel production and oil refining affect U.S. industry?

2. What is a patent and what gives the government the right to issue them?

3. What types of transportation existed in the U.S. during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?

4. How did track gauge standardization lead to the expansion of rail lines?

5. Name 6 inventors and their inventions whose work revolutionized transportation.

6. How did the inventions created in this second industrial revolution not only transform the time when they were developed, but also the present day?

7. Why were steel and railroads vital links in the spread of American manufacturing?

Pullman Strike

□ Read Chapter 15-2 pages 473-480

Big Business

 As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. What was the “Puritan Work Ethic?” How did Horatio Alger’s novels promote it?

2. Define: capitalism, free enterprise, communism, corporation, trust, Social Darwinism, monopoly.

3. Why did Carnegie write The Gospel of Wealth? What was the basic idea of this book?

4. Explain the difference between a philanthropist and an entrepreneur.

5. Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical integration.

6. Who were Vanderbilt, Westinghouse, Rockefeller and Pullman?

7. What were three (3) ways American consumerism changed during this time?

❖ ** Extra Credit - Compare the terms “Captains of Industry” and “Robber Barons.” Which do you think was a more accurate term? Why?

Pullman Car

Read Chapter 15-3 pages 481-487 Labor do over 3 days

 

Knights of

Labor Seal

Homestead Strike

As you read Chapter 15-3, try to discover the following information….

1. Why do you think the government did little to regulate business practices? What is this non-interference called? laissez-faire economics

2. Why did some Americans oppose trusts? How did government respond?

3. What did the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 state? Explain its effectiveness.

4. Describe conditions of the working class. How did conditions contribute towards the growth of labor unions? CRQs TAH 07

5. Why were labor unions established? What were their goals? Were these goals achieved?

6. What were the goals of the Knights of Labor? What methods did they use to achieve goals?

7. Why might people be afraid to join a union?

8. Who was Mother Jones?

9. What was the Haymarket Affair?

10. What led to the decline in membership of the Knights of Labor?

11. What distinguished the American Federation of Labor from previous unions?

12. What were the goals of the AFL? Who was their main leader?

13. Define: scrip, anarchists, blacklists, collective bargaining, injunction, Pinkertons.

14. What was the result of the Homestead Strike? Why?

15. Describe the Pullman Strike.

16. Who was Eugene V. Debs?

Transformation of American Society

Chapter 16

□ Read Chapter 16-1 pages 492-497 Immigrants

do in 2-3days

 As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. What were some reasons immigrants came to America?

2. How did immigration change during the late 1800s through the turn of the century?

3. Define: steerage. Why would railroad or steamship companies promote opportunities in the U.S.?

4. What was the purpose of centers such as Angel Island or Ellis Island? Were they necessary?

5. Why did so many immigrants settle in towns and cities?

6. Identify: assimilation, melting pot theory, acculturation, salad bowl or pizza theory. TAH 2005 CRQs

7. How did newcomers deal with problems in their new country?

8. Explain the term “Nativist Feeling.”

9. Why was the Workingmen’s Party formed in California in 1877?

10. Why would former immigrants want to restrict immigration?

11. What reasons were given in favor of immigration? By whom?

12. What groups developed to protest immigration?

13. What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act? Why was it created?

Do you think that today the U.S. should admit all who wish to become American citizens? Explain your answer. If you feel there should be restrictions, what should they be and why?

Presidential Chart – Foreign and Domestic Policy. # 22

□ Read Chapter 16-2 pages 498-504 Urban World

 As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. Why did cities such as New York, Chicago and San Francisco grow quickly?

2. Identify: skyscrapers, central business district, mass transit, suburbs, nouveau riche, conspicuous consumption, etiquette, debutante, tenement house.

3. What was the Victorian notion of womanhood?

4. Who was Jane Addams?

5. What is the “Social Gospel?”

6. 6. Which groups tried to help the urban poor?

□ Read Chapter 16-3 pages 505-511

 As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. Compare and contrast the educational philosophies of Dewey and Harris.

2. What led to the age of publishing?

3. Who was Joseph Pulitzer? William Randolph Hearst?

4. Define: yellow journalism.

5. What led to the American Planning Movement?

6. Try to identify parks in our state designed as a part of the City Beautiful Movement.

7. What sorts of activities did Americans enjoy during this time period?

8. How did theatre and music change?

Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

Politics in the Gilded Age Chapter 17

□ Read Chapter 17-1 (518-523) and Chapter 17-2 (524-530)

 As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. Why would immigrants “pledge” their vote to a political machine?

2. Identify 3 political bosses and the cities they hail from.

3. How did Nast’s cartoons influence the arrest of Boss Tweed?

4. Who were the candidates, their political parties and platforms in the election of 1872? Who won?

5. Where did the term “Gilded Age” originate and why was this term used?

6. Define: political machines, spoils system, civil service, merit system.

7. Which presidents tried to reform government and what were the results?

8. Who were the candidates in the election of 1880? What were their political parties and platforms? What was the outcome of the election?

9. What was the result of the election of 1884?

10. Who were the candidates in the election of 1888? What were their political parties and platforms? What was the outcome of the election?

Presidential Chart – Foreign and Domestic Policy.

# 18, 19, 20, 21, 22/24.

Andrew Carnerie

Edison with Light Bulb

□ Read Chapter 17-3 pages 531-537

 As you read, try to discover the following information….

1. How did farmers end up in a cycle of debt?

2. Identify: National Grange, Farmers’ Alliance, cooperatives, graduated income tax.

3. What did the Interstate Commerce Act state?

4. Identify: Bland-Allison Act of 1878 and the Sherman Purchase Act of 1890?

5. What caused the Populist Party to be established? At what level of government were they most successful? Why?

6. Who were the candidates in the election of 1892? What were their political parties and platforms? What was the outcome of the election?

7. What was the Panic of 1893? What were its effects?

8. Who was William Jennings Bryan?

9. Who were the candidates in the election of 1896? What were their political parties and platforms? What was the outcome of the election?

Presidential Chart – Foreign and Domestic Policy. # 23,25.

Case Notes – Munn vs. Illinois, Wabash, et al vs. Illinois

Chicago Fire

Fill in as Much Information as possible

Use back of sheet to give any additional information on other family

A World Power: Progressive Era, Imperialism, First World War (1897-1920)

Chapters 18, 19, 20, & 21

Directed Reading Packet

READING AND written homework should be completed on the day assigned, regardless of whether or not we are able to meet as a class due to weather etc.  Students may always work ahead. 

All answers to questions should be written in your notebook.

After each class, review vocabulary and concepts for quizzes.

Directions:  BEFORE you read the assignment from the text and begin your written work, READ/REVIEW the questions for that section to guide your reading and point out important topics to notice as you read.

If you have questions, please ask them in class.

Chapter 18-1 (Pages 546-551

1. What was the focus of progressivism?

2. How was Progressivism different from Populism?

3. Describe the members of the progressive movement. Where did they first learn about the problems of industrialization?

4. How did women participate in the progressive movement?

5. What is the origin of the term “muckraker?”

6. Why did Ida Tarbell become a muckraker? What was her contribution? Why was she such a pioneer?

7. Who was Lincoln Steffens? What did he accomplish? How?

8. At what level of government did progressives seek their reforms? Why?

Chapter 18-2 (Pages 552-557)

 1. In what ways did Samuel Gompers believe the mining companies run the lives of their employees? What is a company town?

2. List some of the findings of the report of the Commission on Industrial Relations (1916).

3. What laws were written after Florence Kelley created the National Child Labor Committee? How were they enforced?

4. What law did Massachusetts pass as a response to Progressive pressures?

5. What was the Triangle Shirtwaist fire? What did New York State do as a result of this incident?

6. What was the outcome of the Lochner v. New York and Muller v. Oregon cases?

7. Define closed shop, IWW.

8. What was the difference between most unions and groups who favored socialism?

Reading: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Class notes: Lochner v. NY, Muller v. Ogden

Chapter 18-3 (Pages 558-565)

1. What percentage of Americans lived in urban areas in 1920?

2. Why was the New York State Tenement Act passed in 1901? What did it call for?

3. What was the purpose of the City Planning Movement?

4. Define prohibition, pluralism.

5. What role did organizations like the WCTU and its supporters play in the passage of the 18th Amendment?

6. What was the original mission of the National Urban League?

7. What was the impact of the Dawes Act of 1887?

8. Why did many progressives have problems with newly arrived immigrants?

Chapter 19-1 (Pages 570-574)

1. What did Lincoln Steffens book The Shame of the Cities tell Americans about urban life?

2. Could be a graphic- in chart form: explain & list the reform, and the problem the reform was designed to correct for - direct primary, 17th Amendment, secret (Australian) ballot, initiative, referendum, recall.

3. List the various parts of Robert LaFollette’s “Wisconsin Idea.”

4. How were government reforms on the local level different from the state?

Chapter 19-2 (Pages 575-582)

1. Who were the candidates, their political parties, and their platforms in the election of 1900?

2. How was Theodore Roosevelt (“TR”) looked at as a progressive before becoming Vice President?

3. What were some of the precedents set by TR?

4. Describe how Roosevelt handled the United Mine Workers strike of 1902. Why was the strike’s conclusion considered an important landmark for the United States government?

5. Define arbitration, Northern Securities Case.

6. What was the “Square Deal” program?

7. According to TR, what was the difference between a “good” trust and a “bad” trust? Did the size of a trust actually matter?

8. What were the provisions of the Elkins (1903) and Hepburn (1906) Acts?

9. How did The Jungle lead to two important pieces of legislation in 1906? What did these acts state?

10. Identify three actions TR took toward protecting the environment.

11. Explain why TR was the first Progressive President.

Chapter 19-3 (Pages 582-586)

1. Who were the candidates in the election of 1908? What were their political platforms? What was the outcome of the election?

2. How did TR and Taft view the presidency differently?

3. What was the Mann-Elkins Act?

4. List Taft’s other progressive accomplishments.

5. What was the 16th Amendment? Why was it considered a progressive reform?

6. Why were progressives angry when President Taft singed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into law?

7. What was TR’s “New Nationalism?”

8. What was the Bull Moose Party? Why was it created?

9. What was Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom?”

10. Who were the four candidates in the election of 1912? What were their political platforms? What was the result of the election?

Chapter 19-4 (Pages 587-593

1. What was the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913?

2. Why was the Federal Reserve Act created? What were its parts?

3. What was the Clayton Anti-Trust Act?

4. What did the Federal Trade Commission do?

5. Describe the role that Mary Harris “Mother” Jones played in the passage of the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act. What did the law call for?

6. What were the accomplishments of Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt?

7. What was the 19th Amendment?

Video: “Iron Jawed Angels”

Chapter 20-1 (Pages 598-604)

AND 20-2 (Pages 605-611)

1. What is imperialism? What were Henry Cabot Lodge’s views on the topic?

2. How did the ideas of Alfred Thayer Mahan impact American foreign policy?

3. Why was the annexation of Hawaii so important to U.S. expansionism? How was Hawaii acquired?

4. How did the United States establish “spheres of influence” in China?

5. Define “Open Door Policy.” What were the three conditions that John Hay included in the policy?

6. What was the U.S. response to the Boxer Rebellion?

7. What was TR’s involvement in the Russo-Japanese War?

8. How did the Japanese become a world power?

9. How did yellow journalism play a role in the Spanish-American War?

10. Who were William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer? How did they affect U.S. foreign policy?

11. Explain the provisions of the peace treaty that ended the war with Spain.

12. Describe the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines.

Chapter 20-3

AND 20-4 (Pages 612-621)

1. What was the Platt Amendment? Why did Cuba become an American protectorate?

2. Why is Puerto Rico considered an American commonwealth?

3. How did the United States “take” the Panama Canal?

4. What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? How did this signify a shift in U.S. foreign policy?

5. What was “Big Stick” diplomacy?

6. What was Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy?”

7. How did Woodrow Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” represent a change from Taft’s foreign policy?

8. What were the causes of United States intervention in Mexico?

9. What were the outcomes of the Mexican Revolution?

Chapter 21-1 (Pages 628-632)

and Chapter 21-2 (Pages 633-639)

1. Why did World War I quickly becoming a stalemate?

2. List three of the weapons that contributed to the challenges of trench warfare.

3. What was the official position of the United States government at the beginning of World War I? Why did the government maintain this position?

4. Which U.S. citizens backed the Central Powers? Why? Which U.S. citizens backed the Allied Powers? Why?

5. What did the British and German navies do to American shipping?

6. What events led the United States to declare war?

7. What was the Selective Service Act?

8. What was the impact of the deployment of more than 2 million U.S. “doughboys?”

Chapter 21-3 (Pages 640-646)

1. What is mobilization?

2. How did the United States government raise money to prepare the country for war? Who paid for the bill, and how much was raised?

3. What was the Food Administration? Who was its head?

4. How did Americans ration their food? What did they do make sure that had enough food to eat? Why was this done?

5. How was the Food Industries Board different from the National War Production Board?

6. What newfound opportunities did women experience in the workforce during World War I? Why?

7. What was the “Great Migration” of 1915-1930?

8. Who was George Creel, and what was the Committee on Public Information?

9. Identify: Espionage Act, Sedition Act.

10. What was the outcome of the Schenck v. U.S. (1919) decision?

Class notes: Schenck v. U.S.

Chapter 21-4 (Pages 647-653)

1. List the parts of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points. What was the American public’s response to his plan?

2. Who were the “Big Four?”

3. Summarize the Treaty of Versailles.

4. Why did Senate Republicans object to ratifying the Treaty of Versailles?

5. What eventually happened to the President Woodrow Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles?

6. Describe the conditions in Europe after World I. How did Germany respond to the Treaty of Versailles?

Class notes: 14 Points

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PRESIDENCY NOTES Packets: AS YOU READ ABOUT EACH PRESIDENT use the chart in the packet to note actions taken by each president we study that were either related to our nation’s DOMESTIC POLICY or FOREIGN POLICY.

You will be doing this all year for every president. Extra packets are available in our class room.

PRESIDENCY NOTES Packets: AS YOU READ ABOUT EACH PRESIDENT use the chart in the packet to note actions taken by each president we study that were either related to our nation’s DOMESTIC POLICY or FOREIGN POLICY.

You will be doing this all year for every president. Extra packets are available in our class room.

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