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Massapequa Public Schools

Massapequa, New York

Secondary

Research Manual

Revised Summer 2010 by Massapequa School District Staff

Anne Nardone

Jill Pabon

in collaboration with the

Comprehensive Literacy Chairperson K-12

Marlene Feinberg

BOARD OF EDUCATION

Christine Lupetin Perrino, President

Maryanne Fisher, Vice President

Thomas Caltabiano, Secretary

Timothy Taylor, Trustee

Jane Ryan, Trustee

ADMINISTRATION

Charles V. Sulc, Superintendent

Alan Adcock, Deputy Superintendent

Lucille F. Iconis, Assistant Superintendent for Curriculum and Instruction

Thomas J. Fasano, Ed.D., Assistant to the Superintendent

Robert Schilling, Executive Director for Assessment, Student Data and Technology

James Grossane, Ed.D., Assistant to the Superintendent for Student Support Services

Table of Contents

Purpose of Research…………………………………………………………………………….1

Plagiarism…………………………………………………………………………….…………3

The Research Process and Checklist……………………………………………………………5

Note Taking……………………………………………………………………………..….…...6

Outlining A Research Paper…………………………………………………………………….8

Formatting A Paper……………………………………………………………………………10

Parenthetical Citations…………………………………………………………………………12

Parenthetical Citation Format………………………………………………………….13

Parenthetical Citation Examples Using Paraphrasing.…………………………………14

Parenthetical Citation Examples Using Direct Quotes………………………………...17

Research paper with Parenthetical Citation examples…………………………….…...19

Works Cited Examples………………………………………………………………………...20

Books…………………………………………………………………………………..20

Periodicals.……………………………………………………………………………..22

Nonprint or Unpublished……………………………………………………………....23

Internet Sources……...………………………….……………………………………..24

Sample Works Cited page.……………………………………………………………………..29

Sample Excerpt from a Research Paper………………………………………………………..31

Purpose of Research

“Why do we have to do research?”

Research is a skill that is essential in life, whether one is writing a college paper or finding out which car is the best buy.

Plagiarism

“But can words and ideas really be stolen?”

According to U.S. law, the answer is yes! In the United States and many other countries, the expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property, and is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions.

Attention! Changing the words of an original source is not sufficient to prevent plagiarism. Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided by citing sources. Simply acknowledging that certain material has been borrowed and providing your audience with the information necessary to find that source is usually enough to prevent plagiarism (reprinted with permission from Turnitin, developed by iParadigms, LLC).

The Research Process and Checklist

Get started:

❑ Understand your assignment

❑ Choose a broad topic of interest

❑ Read about your topic

❑ Select one aspect on your topic that is of particular interest to you

❑ Identify the purpose of the research by focusing on a specific question to be answered (This will be your essential question.)

❑ Create a thesis by answering your essential question (This may not be formed until you have collected enough research about your topic.)

Keep going:

❑ Locate reliable and relevant information that relates to your essential question

❑ Take notes and get information for your Works Cited page

❑ Organize your notes

❑ Write an outline

❑ Write the first draft with parenthetical citations

❑ Write Works Cited page

Finish up:

❑ Read, edit, and revise first draft and Works Cited page

❑ Type your final copy (be sure to include parenthetical citations)

❑ Type your Works Cited page

Note Taking

Next you should take notes on pertinent information. It is suggested that you use 5x8” index cards to take notes.

Some useful hints include:

• Use a new index card for each source

• Indicate the Works Cited information (see pages 20-29)

• Most of your notes should be paraphrased or summarized

• Exact wording with correct spelling and punctuation should be included in “quotes” (Direct quotes should only be used when an author has written something particularly well and a paraphrase would not convey the meaning.)

• All paraphrased, summarized and quoted material requires a parenthetical citation (see pages 12-19)

• Only common knowledge and your ideas, thoughts and opinions are not cited

• Failure to give credit to an author is called plagiarism (see page 3)

Sample Note Card:

Outlining A Research Paper

Now you can create a Harvard Outline by organizing the Roman numerals and capital letters in chronological order. Your explanations of each fact, thoughts or ideas will be numbered and indented under their specific capital letter. Your outline should take the following format:

I. Main Body Paragraph (Group Name)

A. (Facts to support your thesis specific to this group)

1. (Your explanations, thoughts, or ideas)

2. (Your explanations, thoughts, or ideas)

II. Main Body Paragraph (Group Name)

A. (Facts to support your thesis)

B. (Facts to support your thesis)

C. (Facts to support your thesis)

1. (Your explanations, thoughts, or ideas)

2. (Your explanations, thoughts, or ideas)

After forming your outline, discard any notes that are irrelevant to your topic.

Your outline and paper should include:

• Introduction (states your thesis/argument as an answer to your essential question)

• Main body paragraphs (support your thesis/argument)

• Conclusion (states the significance of what you have found)

Sample Outline of A Research Paper

Subject: Roald Dahl’s Life Influence on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

I. Memories of bad childhood experiences

A. Death of dad from pneumonia (Schultz 466)

B. Roald Dahl was only three years old when his father died (466)

1. Dahl forced to grow up without a significant fatherly influence in his life

II. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory  as a reflection of Dahl’s life

A. Children in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory lose parents (469)

B. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory  “thus return[s] him to the site of his own grief surrounding the loss of his father” (469).

1. Characters in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory mimic the children Dahl knew in his own youth

III. Roald Dahl’s Life Influence on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

A. Literature allows Dahl to create a world of his own preference (469)

B. Bad children in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory are punished while good children in the book are rewarded

1. Roald Dahl’s belief for an ideal world

Formatting A Paper

• Typed, 12 point Times Roman font

• 1” margins at the top, bottom, and both sides

• Double spaced

• Indent each paragraph .5” (use the Tab key for consistency)

• Number all pages, except the Title Page, consecutively in the upper right hand corner (First page of text is page 1)

• The title of the research paper is centered in the middle of the page

• Your name, the course name, date, and the name of your teacher in the lower right hand corner and left justified

• Works Cited page (last page of paper) according to MLA format

11

There are

NO

pictures or graphics

on the

cover!!!

Roald Dahl: His Life and Literature

English 9R

May 10, 2002

Mrs. Peachtree

Parenthetical Citations

The Massapequa School District uses the Modern Language Association (MLA) format for research papers. MLA requires that students acknowledge sources by placing short parenthetical citations in the text of the paper, directly after the material used. The parenthetical citations refer to the list of Works Cited at the end of the research paper. In turn, the Works Cited page directs readers to the source itself.

The parenthetical citation has the last name of author and the page number, or the title of the source (if no author is available) to identify the source of the information.

Only information that is common knowledge is not cited. Common knowledge would include the fact that “George W. Bush is the 43rd President of the United States.” You rarely need to give sources for familiar proverbs such as “You snooze, you lose,” or well-known quotations such as “When the going gets tough, the tough get going.”

Write the paper in your own words. Stringing direct quotations together is just transcribing your notes. The rule of thumb is no more than 10% of the paper should be direct quotes. The paper should be in your own words, reflecting your ideas, points of view, and thoughts.

Remember! You must give credit to the author whose ideas, opinions and facts you have included in your paper. When in doubt, CITE. Any material you use, not cited, would lead the reader to believe it is your work. That is plagiarism – avoid it (see page 3).

Parenthetical Citation Format

Parenthetical Citation using a Book with an Author

(Smith 12).

Parenthetical citations always come directly after the exact quotation:

“No one dared leave the camp at night; the lions were too close and too hungry” (Butler 56).

For paraphrased information, put the parenthetical citation at the end of the documented material:

While it was just plain common sense not to go wandering around at night with hungry lions nearby, these men were all on edge because they were in tents (Butler 56).

Parenthetical Citation Examples

Using Paraphrasing

Newspaper or Magazine Article with No Author

The Amazon region of Central Brazil is replete with unusual animals and peoples who are from a culture different from Brazilians in the major cities (“Amazing” 56).

Note: When there is no author, include an abbreviated form of the title (usually the first significant word) and the page number.

Author’s Name Included within a Sentence

Olsen predicts that as the Earth experiences further global warming, many existing cities will be under water in the future (420).

Note: Since the author’s name is mentioned in the sentence, you only need to indicate the page.

Author at the End of a Sentence

The growing globalization of baseball seems to indicate that one day there may truly be a World Series that could feature teams from Tokyo and London facing each other (Torsten 42).

Note: This parenthetical citation is for a book with one author.

Two Authors at the End of a Sentence

In the common schools of the 1800s, in the United States, the most important imparters of ideas and morals were the “Readers.” These textbooks were as important as the New England Primer was in the 1700s (Sullivan and Weber 23).

Note: When there are two or more authors, give both names.

Three or More Authors at the End of a Sentence

In the 1800s, women worked hard to put the 19th amendment through Congress. Thereafter, they went state by state to guarantee that the right to vote for women would be part of the constitution (Severn et al. 7).

Note: If there are three or more authors, use the name of the first author and et al.

for the rest.

Two or More Works by the Same Author

Throughout history, Italy’s long coastline has been a tempting target for invaders (Browse, Renaissance 89).

Note: You need to differentiate between two different books by the same author. Select the first most important word in the title and the page. Make sure the words are different.

More than One Volume of a Work

After a quarter century of surging incomes that made them millionaires, the nation’s doctors now face the prospect of stable or shrinking pay (Jones 2: 387).

Note: To cite a volume number as well as a page number in a multivolume work, separate the two elements with a colon and a space.

Internet, with an Author, No Page

In 1599 the Burbages built the Globe Theater (Constabile).

Note: Webpages are cited just like printed works (Author’s Last Name page number) however, most Webpages do not have page numbers.

Internet, No Author, No Page

The plague, which was almost always fatal, spread most rapidly in cities, where people were in close contact with each other (“Renaissance”).

Note: In this case put the first word of the “Title of the Webpage” in quotes in the parenthesis. Do not use “a, an, or the.”

Parenthetical Citation Examples

using Direct Quotes

Direct Quotation (a few quoted words used within a sentence of your own words) with an Author and Page

Fitzgerald felt that his own writing reflected “nostalgic sadness” (Perosa 2) because of his

reading Keats when he was a youth.

Direct Quotation (an entire quoted sentence) with an

Author and Page

“It was the best of times; it was the worst of times” (Dickens 2).

Book, No Author with Page

“It was an incredibly torrid, steamy August day” (Beach 3).

Note: The first significant word of the title of the book, as used in the Works Cited, is put in the parenthesis with the page number. Do not use “a, an, or the.”

Internet, with an Author, No Page

“The Globe Theater was built by the Burbage brothers on the south side of the Thames River and completed in 1599” (Constabile).

Note: Webpages are cited just like printed works (Author’s Last Name page number). However, most Webpages do not have page numbers – so omit them.

Internet, No Author, No Page

“The plague, which was almost always fatal, spread most rapidly in cities, where people were in close contact with each other” (“Renaissance”).

Note: In this case, put the first word of the “Title of the Webpage” in quotes in the parenthesis. Do not use “a, an, or the.”

Internet, Multiple sources with Same Title, No Author,

No Page

“ MICHAEL JACKSON’S LYRICS SPEAK OF CREATING CHANGE WITHIN YOURSELF BEFORE CHANGING THE WORLD” (“JACKSON’S”). JACKSON’S LIFE WAS TESTAMENT TO HIS SONG LYRICS AND HE WAS COMMITTED TO HELPING OTHERS (“JACKSON’S BIOGRAPHY”). MANY PEOPLE HAVE GAINED INSPIRATION FROM THE LYRICS AND MESSAGES OF MICHAEL JACKSON, AND HIS LEGACY CONTINUES TO LIVE ON. (“JACKSON’S BIOGRAPHY,” MICHAEL).

Note: When creating parenthetical citations for sources that have the exact same title listed in the Work Cited page, include the next different word or piece of information in the parenthesis.

Wonka, Charlie, and Grandpa Joe are the remaining characters at the end of the book. While traveling on a glass elevator the character, Wonka, pushes a button that propels the elevator upward causing it to crash through the roof. The cube miraculously floats in the sky above the factory and Wonka informs Charlie and his Grandfather that they will be the new owners of the chocolate factory (Dahl 96).

Since its publication, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, became a best seller both in American and England. Although it was extensively dramatized and televised it was not

always received with such enthusiasm (Smith 12). In 1976, a critic wrote that she didn’t like the book because of “its getting laughs through violent punishment” (Jones and Smith 2). The book’s fate took a turn for the worst and was pulled from shelves in many school libraries. Critics accused the book of being racist and the portrayal of certain characters as contributing to the stereotypes of race (West, Controversial 77).

Criticism of Dahl’s second children’s book was positive when it was first released in

the United States in September, 1964 (“Roald” ). One critic, Aileen Pippett, wrote in the

“New York Times Book Review” that Dahl had, proved that he knew how to appeal to

children. He has done it again. “Rich in humor, he depicts fantastic characters … and

situations … and lets his imagination rip” (West, Children’s 70).

Works Cited Examples using Books (print)

One Author

Meyer, Stephenie. Twilight. New York: Little-Brown, 2005. Print.

Two Authors

Puritan, Johnny, and Rebecca Nurse. The Salem Witch Trials. Boston: N.p., 1648. Print.

More than Three Authors

Jones, George, et al. Drugs and Sports. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2010. Print.

No Author

The Dangers of Texting and Driving. Springfield, MA: Merriam, 2010. Print.

Editor or Compiler as “Author”

Moss, Joyce, and George Wilson, eds. Literature and Its Times. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Print.

Work in a Collection by the Same Author

Whitman, Walt. “Beat! Beat! Beat! Drums!” Walt Whitman’s Poems. Eds. Gay W. Allen and Charles T. Davis. New York: Columbia UP, 1995. Print.

Critical Essay by an Author in a Work edited by Another

Ruffner, Courtney. “Intelligence: Genius or Insanity?” Bloom’s BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2002. Print.

Multivolume Work with an Editor

Lockner, Harold, ed. “Rowling, J.K.” Contemporary Authors. Vol. 75. Detroit: Gale, 1998.

Print.

An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword

Bloom, Harold. Introduction. The Great Gatsby. Ed. Bloom. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House, 1996. xv-xvi. Print.

Marsalis, Wynton. Foreword. Beyond Category: The life and Genius of Duke Ellington. By John Edward Hasse. New York: Simon, 1993. 13-14. Print.

Sears, Barry. Afterword. The Jungle. By Upton Sinclair. New York: Signet, 2001. 343-47. Print.

Note: Add page numbers when citing an Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or an Afterword.

Works Cited Examples using Periodicals (in print)

Magazine Article with an Author

Laurel, Mike. “BP Oil Spill.” Newsweek 5 July 2010: 2-4. Print.

Note: Do not use volume numbers unless it is a scholarly journal.

Magazine Article without an Author

“Mind Your Manners: Facebook Etiquette.” New Yorker 12 Jan. 2010: 26-29. Print.

Article in a Scholarly Journal with an Author

Weaver, Eric. “Budget Cuts and the Future of Education.” Education Journal 75

(2008): 199-201. Print.

Newspaper Article

Rodriguez, Julia. “Summer in the City: Business Casual.” New York Times 3 Apr. 2009, late ed.: n.pag. Print.

Personal Letter

Jones, Sam. “Great Ideas.” Letter to the Editor. People 28 June 2010: 12. Print.

Works Cited Examples using Nonprint or Unpublished Sources

Personal Interview

Howard, Patrick. Personal interview. 21 June 2010.

Lecture

Summers, K. "Fighting in Ancient Greece." Mrs. Summer's Global Studies Class. Ames Campus,

Massapequa, NY. 12 June 2010. Lecture.

TV or Radio Program

"Forensics." CSI. CBS. WCBS, Hollywood, 5 Aug. 2009. Television.

CD

Maroon 5. Makes Me Wonder. Sony, n.d. CD.

Media (DVD, videos, etc.)

Mysteries of Ancient Egypt. Dir. Sam Shepherd. Perf. Ben Stiller. Panasonic, 2000. DVD.

Digital File

Beiber, Justin, perf. “Down to Earth.” My World. Island Records, 2009. MP3 file.

Note: Use this format for any digital file that you own. Examples are a PDF file stored on your computer, an image from an e-mail attachment, a sound recording from your digital audio player. In place of “medium of publication” note the digital file format, followed by the word “file.” Examples: JPEG file, MP3 file, Microsoft Word file.

Works Cited Examples using

Internet Sources

Example of a Webpage with an Author

Donn, Don. “Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia/Sumer.” Mr. Donn’s Ancient History Page.

Mr. Donn Org., n.d. Web. 9 Sept. 2007. .

Examples of a Webpage with No Author

“Babylonia.” The International History Project 2004. World History International, 2010. Web.

12 Oct. 2007. .

Newspaper/Magazine Article

“Plans for Tomorrow.” Time Time, 9 July 2010. Web. 3 April 2010. .

Article from an Online Database (Periodicals)

Patrick, Dan. “Immigration Policy.” New York Times 10 May 2009: 33-40. Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 12 July 2009. .

Article from an Online Database (Book)

“Heat Waves.” Global Warming. Ed. John Jay. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2010. Science Reference Center. Web. 13 Sept. 2007. .

Law Case from Online

(Database citations typically reference the parties in a case, the volume, abbreviation, and page

reference for the legal reporter where the case was reported, and the date of the case.)

Robinson v. New Jersey, 806 F.2d 442, 1986. WorldLaw Essential Cases. Web. 15 Dec.

2007.

Image

Kids Holding Hands. Digital image. Smi'Lete's Blog. Wordpress, 13 Feb. 2009. Web.

28 May 2010. .

Song

Lady Gaga. "Paparazzi." Mp3 Download Free. - Free Mp3 Download. Web. 25 June 2010. .

Video

Readius, Emily. "Life in Ancient Rome." YouTube. YouTube, 21 Oct. 2006. Web. 8 July 2010. .

Blog (Article)

Jones, Sam T. "Homework Problems." Web log post. School Issues. Blogspot, 2 Apr. 2009.

Web. 6 Jan. 2010. .

Twitter Post

(Use the tweet as the title (enough to serve as an identifiable title) and give the unique URL)

Stanleyrants. "Coming soon: 'A Few Good Books'!" Twitter. Twitter, 3 Nov. 2009. Web. 16

Nov. 2009. .

E-Mail Message

Boyle, Anthony T. “Re: School Work.” Message to Mrs. Reynolds. 21 June 2010. E-mail.

Works Cited

Dahl, Roald. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. New Orleans: A.A. Knopf, 1964. Print.

Jones, Robert, and Mary Smith. Roald Dahl: “Strange Stories from a Strange Author.”

London, England: Oxford UP, 2001. Print.

“Roald Dahl.” The Official Roald Dahl Website. The Roald Dahl Foundation, 3 Dec. 2001.

Web. 19 Nov. 2002. .

Schultz, William Todd. “Finding Fate’s Father: Some Life History Influences on Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.” Biography: An Interdisciplinary Approach 21 Oct. 1998: 463-81. Literature Resource Center. Web. 21 June 2007. .

Smith, John, ed. Scary Books. Los Angeles: Putnam, 2001. Print.

West, Robert. Children’s Authors. Milwaukee, WI: Scholastic, 1985. Print.

---. Controversial Books. Milwaukee, WI: Scholastic, 1992. Print.

31

Roald Dahl: His Life and Literature

English 9R

May 10, 2002

Mrs. Peachtree

Wonka, Charlie, and Grandpa Joe are the remaining characters at the end of the book. While traveling on a glass elevator the character, Wonka, pushes a button that propels the elevator upward causing it to crash through the roof. The cube miraculously floats in the sky above the factory and Wonka informs Charlie and his Grandfather that they will be the new owners of the chocolate factory (Dahl 96).

Since its publication, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory became a best seller both in American and England. Although it was extensively dramatized and televised, it was not

always received with such enthusiasm (Smith 12). In 1976, a critic wrote that she did not like the book because of “its getting laughs through violent punishment” (Jones and Smith 2). In fact, all of the bad children are punished in some fashion that connects to their personalities. In the book, there seems to be no room for growth, self-reflection, or change from learning. This seems to have been Dahl’s preference for the world (Schultz 469). The book’s fate took a turn for the worst and was pulled from shelves in many school libraries. Critics accused the book of being racist and the portrayal of certain characters as contributing to the stereotypes of race (West, Controversial 77).

Criticism of Dahl’s second children’s book was positive when it was first released in

the United States in September of 1964 (“Roald” ). One critic, Aileen Pippett, wrote in the

“New York Times Book Review” that Dahl had proved that he knew how to appeal to children. He has done it again. “Rich in humor, he depicts fantastic characters … and lets his imagination rip” (West, Children’s 70). Roald Dahl certainly was a literary genius, albeit a controversial one. Authors often make their lives and experience a part of their literature. Such was the case with Roald Dahl, who made his childhood a significant part of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Perhaps the appeal of this children’s novel is the realism that it exhibits in the plot.

Works Cited

Dahl, Roald. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. New Orleans: A.A. Knopf, 1964. Print.

Jones, Robert, and Mary Smith. Roald Dahl: “Strange Stories from a Strange Author.”

London, England: Oxford UP, 2001. Print.

“Roald Dahl.” The Official Roald Dahl Website. The Roald Dahl Foundation, 3 Dec. 2001.

Web. 19 Nov. 2002. .

Schultz, William Todd. “Finding Fate’s Father: Some Life History Influences on Roald Dahl’s

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.” Biography: An Interdisciplinary Approach 21 Oct. 1998: 463-81. Literature Resource Center. Web. 21 June 2007. .

Smith, John, ed. Scary Books. Los Angeles: Putnam, 2001. Print.

West, Robert. Children’s Authors. Milwaukee, WI: Scholastic, 1985. Print.

---. Controversial Books. Milwaukee, WI: Scholastic, 1992. Print.

-----------------------

Research Title

Student Name

Course Name

Due Date

Teacher Name

Sample Title Page

Title of research paper centered and in the middle of the page

Your name, course name, date due, and teacher name are double spaced and left justified in the lower right hand corner of the page, 1” from the bottom and 1” from the right side

Publisher,

18

17

Journal Title

no period afterwards

Volume Number

(Year of Publication):

Publication Date.

Database.

Publisher,

Description of message that includes the recipient.

• Double-spaced

• Left justified

• Lower right

hand corner

Title of paper is:

• Centered

• Middle of the page

• 12 point – Times Roman Font

• 1” Margins

“Blog Article.”

Date of Access.

Parenthesis

Subject: Roald Dahl’s Life Influence on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

Works Cited

Schultz, William Todd. “Finding Fate’s Father: Some Life History Influences on Roald Dahl’s Charlie

and the Chocolate Factory.” Biography: An Interdisciplinary Approach 21 Oct. 1998: 463-81. Literature Resource Center. Web. 21 June 2007.

• Charlie and the Chocolate Factory filled w/accidents & punishments of kids (468)

• Dad, Harald, died of pneumonia when Roald was 3 (466)

• Children in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory lose parents, “thus returning him to the site of his own grief surrounding the loss of his father” (469).

• Literature allows Dahl to create a world of his own preference (469)

The necessary elements:

(Author’s Last Name Page #).

The necessary elements:

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article (Webpage Title).”

Title of Homepage. Publisher or sponsor of the site, (if not

available, use N.p.,) Date of publication. (if not available, use n.d. )

Web. Date of access. . (if required by instructor)

Note: dates are written in the following format – day, month, year

Example: 12 Mar. 2009

The necessary elements:

Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of

Publication: Publisher, Copyright. Medium of

Publication.

Sample Outline

Period is outside the parenthesis

“Research is an organized and systematic way

of finding answers to questions.”

(Brigham Young University’s Department of Linguistics and English Language)

Sample Outline

Homepage.

16

Source:

Online Database with highlighted important notes

“Page Title.”

[pic]

Last Name Page #

There is no “p” for “page”

Get page numbers for each fact!

According to the Merriam-Webster OnLine Dictionary, “to plagiarize” means:

• to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own

• to use (another's production) without crediting the source

“Students will collect data, facts, and ideas, discover relationships, concepts, and generalizations; and use knowledge generated from oral, written, and electronically produced texts. As speakers and writers, they will use oral and written language to acquire, interpret, apply, and transmit information.”

(New York State English Language Arts Standard 1)

All of the following are considered plagiarism:

• turning in someone else’s work as your own

• copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit

• failing to put a quotation in quotation marks

• giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation

• changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit

• copying so many words or ideas from a source that they make up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not

6

Get page numbers!

Remember to get Works Cited

information for each source!

Use bullets and just write facts – paraphrase!!

Before you can outline your paper:

• sort your notes into groups of closely related ideas

• name each group

• use Roman numerals to number the groups in the order that they will be presented in your paper

• label each fact in each group with a capital letter

Sample Note Card

As noted in the Code of Conduct, plagiarism is considered a form of academic misconduct.

A paper that is determined to be plagiarized will receive

a failing grade of zero (0).

After you have found an appropriate source of information on your topic, you have to read and reread the information to gain understanding. There are no shortcuts.

You must read, read, read!

15

14

13

12

10

9

8

5

3

1

John Smith

English 9R

May 10, 2007

Mrs. Peachtree

7

“Episode.”

Date of Publication

Day Mon. Yr.

Page #’s

26

27

Sample research paper

Sample Works Cited page

Parenthetical Citation Format

Remember, a good research paper is not written in one night.

Online Database

There are

NO

pictures or graphics

on the

cover!

Things to remember:

• include in-text citations for summaries, paraphrases and direct quotes

• parenthetical citations occur after the quoted (or borrowed) material

• parenthetical citations do not use a comma between the author’s last name and the page number

• do not use pp. or pg. before the page number

---. used when an author has more than one book

If it’s in the Works Cited page,

there must be a parenthetical citation for it in your paper!

• Works Cited is the title of the page

• List of cited sources

• Alphabetical by author’s last name

• Double-spaced

• 12 point Times Roman font

• Second line of info gets indented

• Each line ends with a period

Webpage

Two Authors

Heading is centered, 1” from the top of page, and double-spaced

Heading is upper and lower case

Notice all the parenthetical citations!

Direct Quote – Author with 2 books

Sample page from a research paper

Parenthetical citations MUST be in your paper.

Otherwise, you are guilty of plagiarism!

Paraphrase – Internet No Author

Direct Quote –

2 Authors

Paraphrase – Author with 2 books

One citation for a paraphrased paragraph

Paraphrase

20

19

21

22

23

24

25

30

29

28

John Smith

English 9R

May 10, 2007

Mrs. Peachtree

“Title of message taken from subject line.”

Writer of message.

Image Description.

Website Title.

No

publisher

Artist.

Website Title.

Case,

Artist

File Format

Label

“Song Title.”

Creator.

“Video Title.”

Publisher,

Tweeter.

32

33

Medium of Publication

Editors

Editor

Page #’s

Sample of Note Taking and Note Cards

20

17

“Song Title.”

no page #’s

no date

Note: There is no period after the title of a magazine, journal, or newspaper in a Works Cited entry.

Speaker.

“Title of Lecture.”

Name of Class.

Location.

Blog Title.

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