Oxford University Press



Table: Timeline of Changes in Women’s Ideal Body Shape and FashionTime Period & Ideal BodyIdeal WomenPolitical, Economic, & Social Trends1880’sHourglass figureLarge BreastsSlim waistLarge HipsLillian RussellLess social freedom than 1890’s1890’sThinner hourglass figureAfrican American ideal is a version of white middle class respectabilityGibson GirlMore social freedom: women participate in the bicycling craze and take calisthenicsAfrican American migration North. Black elite fear lower class visibility and engage in the politics of respectability 1900’s-1920’sStraight silhouette Small BreastsSlim HipsBoyish/girlish lookThe FlapperClara BowMyrtle GonzalezNina Mae McKinneyFirst wave of feminism Women achieve the right to vote on the federal levelPeriod of economic prosperity“Latin” movie stars are popular including Myrtle GonzalezSegregated Black movie theaters feature African American stars 1930’sMature, classical beautyLarge BreastsBroad hipsHourglass lookGreta GarboAnna May WongFredi WashingtonDolores del Rio (with Fred Astaire)The Great DepressionA socially and politically conservative periodLight-skinned Black women like Fredi Washington play “tragic mulatto” figures“Latin invasion” in film resulted in many popular “Latin” movie stars1950’sMarilyn MonroeRita HayworthDorothy DandridgeMcCarthy Era “Red Scare” of 1950’sConservative periodThe women’s movement is less activeAnti-ethnic image of America prevailsPeriod of “Latin” invisibilityTragic mulatto figure played by Dorothy Dandridge coincides with racial segregation1960’sReturn to the thin idealSmall breastsSlim hipsVoluptuous ideal still has appealTwiggy (Lesley Hornby)Angela Davis (center, no glasses)Raquel WelchSecond Wave of FeminismLiberal social, and political movements have broad supportBlack Power movement Black is beautiful Darker Black women are more accepted as beautiful by the Black middle class Politics of respectability is rejected by some Black peopleLatina invisibility continues1970’sThin ideal exists alongside voluptuous idealFarah FawcettLynda CarterEconomic downturn1980’sHourglass lookLarge breastsBroad hipsMore athletic and toned figureJane FondaNaomi CampbellSonia Braga“Backlash” period where conservative political and social forces gain more supportFitness training is popular1990’sTwo ideals:Waif lookSmall breastedSlim hipsBoyish/girlish look, “heroin chic” lookGlamazon SupermodelThin but more athletic and curvyKate MossCindy CrawfordJennifer LopezGay rights gain popular support“Latinization” occurs: Hispanic women are visible icons of beauty again, including Jennifer Lopez, Penélope Cruz, and Salma Hayek2000’s-2010’sTwo ideals:Slim to very slim with large breastsHourglass lookChristina HendricksBeyoncéLucy LiuPenélope CruzReality TV becomes popular Internet use grows as a mass medium.Increasing legal recognition of gay rights Increasing transgender visibilityPolitically polarized period ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download